KIN 4512 Quizzes

Variable practice is overall more beneficial than constant practice for motor learning in adults. Select one: a. True b. False

true

Children begin to compare themselves to others at the age of... Select one: a. 3 b. 7 c. 6 d. 4 e. 5

5

The acuity of infants' vision is about ______ that of adults, and it reaches adult levels of acuity by ______ years of age. Select one: a. 50%; 16 b. 10%; 5 c. 5%; 10 d. 5%; 21 Feedback

5%; 10

Women can typically produce ________ of the force that men can exert, although most of these differences can be attributed to differences in arm and shoulder strength rather than in trunk or leg strength.

60 to 80%

Kinesthetic spatial orientation involves which of the following? Select one: a. The body's location b. The body's orientation c. Laterality d. A and B e. A, B, and C

A and B

Which of the following is part of a four-part philosophy designed to enhance the enjoyment and benefits of children's participation in sport? Select one: a. Winning isn't everything, nor is it the only thing b. Failure is not the same thing as losing c. Success is not synonymous with winning d. A and B e. A, B, and C

A,B and C

Ch. 16 Project _________ is an annual event in which millions of children all over the globe exercise at the same time in a symbolic gesture of fitness and unity. Select one: a. Shake It b. Move On c. Active d. Get Up and Move e. ACES

ACES

A meta-analysis of research on intervention programs for obese school-aged children indicated which of the following? Select one: a. Even short-term interventions result in significant weight reduction b. Interventions should include increased physical activity c. Interventions should improve diet d. A and C e. B and C

B and C

Children rely on which of the following to maintain static balance? Select one: a. Feedforward (anticipatory) postural adjustments b. Visual cues c. Proprioceptive feedback d. B and C e. A, B, and C Feedback

B and C

Harter and Pike developed a scale that uses ___________ to measure self-perceptions of children under 8 years old. Select one: a. Puzzles b. Symbols c. Drawing tasks d. Pictures e. Shapes

pictures

Information about performance in relation to a goal is called knowledge of... Select one: a. Task b. Performance c. Results d. Locomotion

results

Ch. 13 ______________ is the neural activity triggered by a stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and results in sensory nerve impulses traveling the sensory nerve pathways to the brain. Select one: a. Proprioception b. Perception c. Spatial orientation d. Sensation e. Habituation

sensation

Which of the following is a measure of the speed of cognitive processing? Select one: a. Accuracy of a memory task b. Movement time c. Simple reaction time d. Complex reaction time e. Agility

simple reaction time

A common test of flexibility is the... a. Inverted plank test b. Seated wall test c. V-sit test d. 90/90 hamstring test e. Sit-and-reach test

sit and reach test

__________________ is the perception of actual object size despite the size of its image as projected on the retina. Select one: a. Shape constancy b. Habituation c. Size constancy d. Spatial orientation

size constancy

It is likely that participation in an exercise intervention has a ________ and ________ effect on memory performance. Select one: a. Small; negative b. Moderate; positive c. Large; positive d. Large; negative e. Small; positive

small; positive

The ____________ process is that by which one learns a social role within groups with certain values, morals, and rules. Select one: a. Environmental b. Religious c. Socialization d. Cultural e. Stereotypical

socialization

Teachers and coaches should provide _________ feedback related to performance in order to attempt to raise a child's self-esteem. Select one: a. Global b. General c. Specific d. Aggressive e. Passive

specific

A movement educator lowers the height of a basketball net to make it an appropriate height for elementary school-age students to practice shooting the ball. Which type of constraint was manipulated? Select one: a. Task b. Functional c. Environmental d. Structural

task

Ch. 17 Motor learning is defined as the relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience Select one: a. True b. False

true

What type of perception allows us to find embedded objects in a background? Select one: a. Depth b. Figure and ground c. Whole and part

Figure and ground

The best predictor of adult sport involvement is participation during childhood and adolescence. In fact, about ______ of eventual sport participants become involved in sports by age 8. Select one: a. >90% b. 50% c. 75% d. 65% e. 10%

75%

Research has shown that boys and girls as young as _________ years old can increase their strength with a variety of resistance training methods.

6

Research suggests that children ages _________ are more likely than older children to attribute outcomes to both effort and luck. Select one: a. 19 to 21 b. 11 to 13 c. 3 to 5 d. 7 to 9 e. 15 to 17 Feedback

7 to 9

Which of the following is the range of normal BMI? Select one: a. 12.3 to 18.4 b. 25 to 31.2 c. 37.6 to 43.8 d. 31.3 to 37.5 e. 18.5 to 24.9

18.5 to 24.9

Ch. 15 Title IX, which required equal opportunity for girls and women in sport, was passed in what year? Select one: a. 1983 b. 1958 c. 1964 d. 1972 e. 1979

1972

Ch. 18 Manipulating a constraint at any given time may produce a functional change in movement. In motor development, we are most concerned with changes in movements over time, particularly ones that become more Select one: a. Permanent b. Structural c. Temporary d. A and B e. A, B, and C

A and B

Body scaling is a method that can be used to manipulate which of the following constraints? Select one: a. Task b. Structural c. Environmental d. A and C e. A, B, and C

A and C

Which of the following reason was cited as a reason children and teens continue to participate in sport? Select one: a. A desire to solely focus on winning and outperforming others b. A desire to have fun c. A desire to be a part of a team d. B and C e. A, B, and C

B and C

A positive relationship between motor competence and physical activity level has been found in which age groups? Select one: a. Early childhood b. Middle and late childhood c. Adolescence d. B and C e. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Ch. 14 Which of the following was a popular theory in the mid-20th century regarding the perception-action perspective? Select one: a. Neurological organization theory of Delacato b. Physiological optics program of Getman c. Movigenics theory of Barsch d. B and C e. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following changes occur in the typical adult who begins exercising? Select one: a. Increase of fat-free mass b. Increase in bone density c. Decrease of fat mass d. No changes; body composition is maintained e. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following is a strategy that can be taught to young children to improve memory? Select one: a. Rehearsal b. Labeling c. Grouping d. A and B e. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following is a theoretical consideration or component of an ecological task analysis? Select one: a. Any given movement is influenced by the mover's environment b. Consideration is given to the individual constraints each person may have c. Consideration is given to the ways in which the environment and task constraints may act in conjunction with individual constraints d. B and C e. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following statements is true? a. muscle mass increases steadily as children age b. other factors besides muscle mass contribute to strength levels c. neural influences such as myelination of nerve fibers and improved muscle coordination are related to strength d. A and B e. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of the following statements was found to be true regarding hamstring stretching programs for youth? a. A, B, and C b. Nonstretching control groups lost hamstring flexibility c. Hamstring flexibility returned to beginning levels when youth stopped training for 5 weeks d. A and C e. The hamstring flexibility of the participants increased

A, B, and C

What term refers to the actions or behaviors for or permitted to an actor by the places, objects, and events in and of an environment? Select one: a. Spatial organization b. Body scaling c. Vestibular perturbations d. Affordances e. Locomotor experience

Affordances

Which type of training program has increased the range of motion (flexibility) of older adults? a. Pilates b. Low-impact aerobics c. Tai Chi d. Rhythmic stretching e. All of these yield increased range of motion

All of these yield increased range of motion

Aversive socialization includes which of the following? Select one: a. When teachers or coaches reward students for proper skill execution b. When teachers or coaches embarrass children in front of peers c. When teachers or coaches overemphasize performance criteria at the expense of learning d. B and C e. A, B, and C Feedback

B and C

Locomotor experience facilitates which of the following? Select one: a. Manipulative skills b. Perception of surface texture and slope c. Depth perception d. A and B e. B and C

B and C

On a day-to-day basis, which of the following type of constraints can be manipulated by educators? Select one: a. Structural b. Task c. Environmental d. B and C e. A, B, and C Feedback

B and C

Self-produced locomotion is important to the development of what? Select one: a. Flexibility b. Surface texture and slope perception c. Spatial perception d. A and C e. B and C

B and C

What techniques are used to estimate body fat in a research or clinical context? a. Scale weights b. Skinfold thickness measures c. Water displacement measurements d. B and C e. A, B, and C

B and C

Which age groups depend more on kinesthetic information than visual information when the two sources of information are in conflict? Select one: a. Infants b. Older children c. Young adults d. A and B e. B and C Feedback

B and C

Which of the following are sources of information about distance and depth perception? Select one: a. Detection of edges b. Retinal disparity c. Motion parallax d. B and C e. A, B, and C

B and C

Which of the following is a potential cause for the loss of strength with aging? a. Dramatic increase in type IIa muscle fibers b. Loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord c. General inactivity d. B and C e. A, B, and C

B and C

Which of the following is an example of a social or cultural environmental constraint? Select one: a. Age b. Race c. Religion d. B and C

B and C

Which of the following describes internal attributions? Select one: a. Believing that individuals influence outcomes through their own behavior b. Believing that the factors influencing outcomes are consistent from situation to situation c. Believing that peers influence outcomes d. Believing that family members influence outcomes

Believing that individuals influence outcomes through their own behavior

Which of the following is characteristic of older adults compared to young adults when balancing? Select one: a. The strength of muscle response is more consistent b. More time passes before the leg muscles respond to a perturbation to balance c. The lower leg muscles respond first to a perturbation to balance

More time passes before the leg muscles respond to a perturbation to balance

How is motor competence related to health-related fitness? Select one: a. Motor competence is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness b. Motor competence is unrelated to greater strength levels c. Competence in object-control skills is unrelated to health-related fitness d. A and C e. A, B, and C

Motor competence is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness

In a classic 1963 study, in which Held and Hein permitted or restricted self-produced locomotion in kittens with the same visual experience, what was the conclusion? Select one: a. Self-produced movement is important to movement behaviors b. Self-produced movement is unimportant to judgment of depth c. Self-produced movement is not necessary to develop blinking when an object approaches

Self-produced movement is important to movement behaviors

Which of the following is true if adults do no strength (resistance) training? a. They maintain strength levels until their 60s b. They lose strength at a greater rate than they lose muscle mass c. Men experience greater loss of isometric strength than women d. A and B e. A, B, and C

They lose strength at a greater rate than they lose muscle mass

Adding variability to practice is most appropriate in which stage of learning? Select one: a. Associative b. Retention c. Cognitive d. Transfer e. Autonomous

associative

Which of the following is the most important type of constraint? Select one: a. All of these are important constraints b. Environmental c. Functional d. Task e. Structural

all of these are important constraints

Constraints _________ interact with one another to influence movement Select one: a. Rarely b. Always c. Sometimes d. Never e. Often

always

Ch. 12 __________ proportions of lean body mass show a positive link to working capacity, and __________ proportions of fat tissue show a negative link. a. Higher; lower b. Lower; lower c. Higher; higher d. Lower; higher

higher; higher

___________________ is a measure requiring the earliest possible response to more than one stimulus, usually with a different response matched to each of the possible stimuli. Select one: a. Complex reaction time b. Movement time c. Congruent flow d. Choice reaction time e. Simple reaction time

choice reaction time

Findings from research suggest that the roles of race, ethnicity, social background, and other factors in family socialization are __________ and __________ to characterize on a group basis. Select one: a. Simple; complex b. Unclear; impossible c. Complex; easy d. Complex; difficult e. Simple; easy

complex; difficult

___________ occurs when a parent or significant other encourages activities that are deemed gender appropriate Select one: a. Gender neutrality b. Gender roles c. Gender typing d. Gender references e. Gender expectations

gender typing

The amount and intensity of physical activity tend to ___________ as adults grow older, especially among ___________. Select one: a. Increase; females b. Stay the same; females c. Decrease; females d. Increase; males e. Decrease; males

decrease; females

A cultural phenomenon in the United States that may act as a constraint for girls' motor behavior is... Select one: a. Enforcement of Title IX by schools b. Playing with peer groups on the playground c. A and B

enforcement of title IX by schools

Self-________ is one's personal judgment of his or her own capability, significance, success, and worthiness; it is conveyed to others through words and actions. Select one: a. Dominance b. Assurance c. Importance d. Esteem e. Reliance

esteem

_______________ characteristics are culturally based and relate to cultural similarities that connect groups. Select one: a. Gender b. Age c. Socioeconomic d. Racial e. Ethnic

ethnic

The Parizkova studies indicate that physical activity has a __________ influence on boys' body composition during the growing years Select one: a. Negligible b. Detrimental c. Slightly negative d. Favorable e. Minimal

favorable

The Parizkova studies indicate that physical activity has a ___________ influence on girls' body composition during the growing years. Select one: a. Minimal b. Favorable c. Slightly negative d. Detrimental e. Negligible

favorable

_________ strength is the exertion of force at a constant limb velocity through the range of motion at a joint

isokinetic

CH. 11 Which type of strength test involves exerting force against an immovable resistance?

isometric

Which of the following is true about exposure to excessive environmental noise? Select one: a. Its effects can be reversed b. Its effects are only detrimental in industrial work settings c. It can result in permanent hearing loss d. Its effects only occur in older adulthood

it can result in permanent hearing loss

Which of the following is true about the autonomous stage of learning? Select one: a. It is the middle phase of learning b. It focuses on movement strategy c. It focuses on movement production d. It occurs throughout the cognitive phase

it focuses on movement strategy

____________ is a type of instructional approach that is student centered Select one: a. Direct learning climate b. Mastery motivational climate c. Regimented learning climate d. Performance-oriented climate e. Structured learning climate Feedback

mastery motivational climate

In which of the following tasks do older adults decline in performance? Select one: a. Continuous actions b. Simple actions c. Repetitive actions d. Single, discrete actions that can be planned in advance e. Memory tasks

memory tasks

The current view is that which of the following systems are interrelated? Select one: a. Motor and cognitive only b. Motor, perceptual, and cognitive c. Perceptual and cognitive only d. Motor and perceptual only

motor, perceptual, and cognitive

Which of the following kinesthetic receptors play the major role in position and movement sense? Select one: a. Muscle spindles b. Joint receptors c. Vestibular semicircular canals d. B and C e. A, B, and C

muscle spindles

______________ is a multistage process that takes place in the brain and includes selecting, processing, organizing, and integrating information received from the senses. Select one: a. Perception b. Habituation c. Sensation d. Proprioception e. Spatial orientation

perception

Center of ________ is a common measure of balance Select one: a. Impact b. Pressure c. Velocity d. Intensity e. Force

pressure

Which type of constraint typically requires a longer time to change? Select one: a. Environmental b. Functional c. Structural d. Task

structural

The distance between the pitching mound and home plate is an example of what type of constraint? Select one: a. Task b. Structural c. Environmental d. A and B e. A, B, and C

task

A ________ is an evaluation of how a particular task or skill is accomplished, focusing on critical components that influence movement. Select one: a. Continuous analysis b. Product-oriented analysis c. Discrete analysis d. Task analysis

task analysis

What did the 2014 longitudinal study by D'Hondt and colleagues find about the relationship between motor competence and BMI? Select one: a. BMI influences competence b. The relationship is reciprocal (bidirectional) c. Competence influences BMI

the relationship is reciprocal (bidirectional)

__________________ perception is the type of intermodal perception that coordinates the properties of objects first seen and then felt. Select one: a. Kinesthetic-visual b. Spatial-temporal c. Visual-auditory d. Visual-kinesthetic Feedback

visual-kinesthetic