KINE 266 mt2 chapter 4

Reversal Theory

(89) idk i don't feel like doing this rn sucks to suck bye

Perception of Control

(90)

Sources of stressors for athletes and coaches

------> scope p.82 yo

Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning

-Yuri Hanin , a noted russian sports psychologist (1980 , 1986 , 1997) -Found that top athletes have a zone of optimal state anxiety in which their best performance occurs , outside of this zone , poor performance occurs.

Social Facilitation theory

-Zajonc -States that the presence of others helps performance for a well known or simple tak , and hurts performance for an unlearned or complex task. - implies you want to inhibit an audience in learning situations.

Catastrophe Phenomenon

-by Hardy -(p.88)

Situational variables that influence directional response:

-competitive experience -skill level -goal attainment -expectations -sport type -performance

Physiological signs used to measure arousal:

-heart rate -respiration -skin conductance -biochemistry

variables that influence the directional response to anxiety (+or-)

-trait anxiety -Skill level *** most influential -neuroticism -extraversion -achievement motivation -hardiness -self-confidence -sex -coping strategies -psychological skills

Two common sources of situational stress

1. Event importance ------> how important an event or game is 2. Uncertainty ----> greater the uncertainty , the greater the stress level. (82)

McGrath four stages of interrelated stages of stress

1. environmental demand ----> this is where some type of demand is placed on the individual 2.perception of demand ------> the individuals perception of the physical or psychological demand 3. stress response -----> the individuals physical and psychological response to a perception of the situation 4. behavioral consequences -----> the actual behavior of the individual under stress (81)

Two personality dispositions that are linked with heightened state anxiety are...

1. trait anxiety 2. look self-esteem * third one: Social physique anxiety ----> degree to which people become anxious when others observe their physique.

Anxiety and performance

Graham Jones and colleagues showed that an individuals interpretation of anxiety will affect how it affects their performance (+, facilitative or - deliberative interpretation of stress) must understand persons: -intensity of direction -direction of anxiety (+ or -)

Multidimensional Anxiety Theory

Predicts that cognitive state anxiety (worry) is negatively related to performance ; that is , increases in cognitive state anxiety lead to decreases in performance. States that somatic stat anxiety is related to performance in an inverted U shape.

connecting arousal & anxiety to performance theory #1! Drive Theory

Spence and spence , 1966 -relationship between arousal and performance (A&P) is direct and linear - as an individuals aoursal or state anxiety increases , so too does her performance . - more psyched up an athlete is, the better they'll perform -Zajonc (1965) used drive theory to show that presence of others increases performers arousal and and this increase in drive will bring out the performers dominant reaction.

State anxiety

The ever-changing mood component of anxiety perceived by feelings of anxiety (nervousness , tension etc...) Ex: state anxiety changes throughout a game depending on the situations the player is encountering. -cognitive and somatic state anxiety

Trait anxiety

This is a part of a the persons personality, an acquired behavioral tendency or disposition that influences behavior. -trait anxiety predispose an individual to perceive something as threatening that objectively may not be dangerous 3 components: -somatic trait anxiety -cognitive trait anxiety -concentration disruption (p.77)

Self reports:

Used by psychologists to analyze how anxious/aroused a person is feeling includes: -self report (scale 1 to 10) - statements -77

Arousal

a blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person , and it refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment. Arousal rates run along a continuum from not all aroused to completely aroused.

Perceived Control

a regulatory component of state anxiety the degree to which one believes they have the ability to meet the challenges in state anxiety

Stress

a substantial imbalance between demand and response capability under conditions where failure to meet that demand has important consequences.

Fact: Theres a direct relationship between a persons level of trait anxiety and their level of state anxiety

high levels of trait anxiety will have higher levels of state Anx in the same situations versus people with low trait anxiety.

Theory #2! Inverted-U Hypothesis

lower levels of arousal correlate with low levels of performance , mid arousal is best , high arousal is bad -Landers and Aren't , 2010

Anxiety

unpleasant psychological state in reaction to perceived stress concerning performance of a task under pressure. ( in sports) characterized by nervousness , worry , and apprehension. Thought component ---> cognitive anxiety Physical activation component ---> somatic anxiety