Kinesiology #2 - Olympic Games

· Why were the 1976 Winter Games held in Austria?

Denver Co people protested and didn't want bid. So it went to austria

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?

Ended legally sanctioned segregation in public places

· 94' Winter games (Lillehammer, Norway) known for?

Known as "Olympic spirit" games. Until Harding hired an assaulter to take out Kerrigan

· 2008 Summer games (Beijing ,China) known for?

· "Game where records tumbled" 40 World records, 130 Olympic records broken. 31 positive PEDS. Phelps wins 8 Golds. Highest medal count. Bolt 2 world records. Most watched in olympic history. Press controversies. Chinese Government wanted to control criticism about communism. Many areas of the country were blocked to journalists and press. Chinese suppression was protested throughout the world. Many held violent protests.

· 2004 Summer games (Athens, Greece) Known for?

· "Welcome home" First time torch travels around the worls. Usian Bolt competes in Olympics at 17 years old. Finished fifth didn't qualify. (hamstring issues) Phelps wins 6 golds Olympic record 8 medals at a single olympics. 26 positive PEDS

· 88' games in Calgary known for?

· "cool runnings" Jamacian Bobsled

· What is Technology doping?

· "tech suits" compared to PEDs when it comes to "gaining an edge" in sport. Tech suits banned.

· Which Games were cancelled due to WWII

· 1940 and 44

· Identify the Winter Games that recognized Walt Disney

· 1960- Squaw Valley - He was head of pageantry. Disney artist designed torch.

Identify the first Games to be recognized for drug use, and why.

· 1960- summer games - Italy- Cyclist died - Knud Jensen (DEN)

· Winter game in which the Olympic flame was lit at the temple of hera, Olympia Greece?

· 1964-Innsbruck Austria

· Identify the first Games to test for gender and PED's.

· 1968 Winter and Summer Games issued first banned list of performance enhancing drugs and gender testing.

· Identify the record breaking Games of Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt

· 2008 Bolt sets world record wins 100 and 200m world records. beats 68' record. Phelps beats mike Spitz - 8 Gold medals in Beijing totaling 14 golds.

When was the Military agreement signed between N and S Korea?

· 2018

· When and how did the Paralympics become part of the Olympic family? Demonstration and actual events

· 84' demonstration 88' actual Paralympics. Previous to that was called parasport. Winter and summer sport "paired sport" = Paralympic games

· What was special about the 92' Olympics (Albertville) France (winter)?

· All former soviet states compete together in winter and summer games. Only year it happened. Speed skater fatality with snowcat.

· Little Rock 9

· Arkansas protest over segregation with hs students

· What made the 1996 Games a memorable event?

· Atlanta Georgia - centennial celebration, torch lit by Muhammad ali, small terrorist attack (Olympic park bombing- domestic used pipe bomb 1 person dead 111 injured. Centennial Monument for Coubertin.

Identify the unusual events of the 1956 Melbourne Games

· Australia - They have strict quarantee laws- one Olympics was held in two different cities at two different times.(only time ever) Stolkholm Sweden held equestrian. They combined teams for east and west Germany. First Time Countries boycotted in an attempt to influence the IOC and world opinion.

· Who was Peter Norman?

· Australian, Silver Medalists wore badge with smith and carlos. Removed from team and treated as an outcast. Died before he could be recognized for his good.

· Identify the role the IOC played in allowing the participation of the USSR

· Because they had become a world power after WWII and were titled an equal world superpower in the midst of the cold war and asked to participate.

· Identify additional events which contributed to 1968 being a political nightmare

· Bobby Kennedy assassination and MLK assassination

Pierre de Coubertin's death

· Body parts are buried in two different places. Heart buried in Olympia. rest buried in Lusuanne Switzerland.

· What made the 1980, 84, & 88 Games memorable events? Winter & Summer

· Decade of boycotts. 80'(Moscow) (also 84'(Yugoslavia)(los angeles) 88'(seoul)(Calgary Canada) could have been cancelled due to boycotts over USSR invading countries. Could have been cancelled due to USSR/Afghanistan war. US beat USSR "miracle on ice". USA boycotted Moscow games. Moscow largest boycott in Olympic history. Summer was in LA and became the blueprint for financial success. USSR and east Germany dominate 88' games. Last time USSR comepetes in summer and winter games. Sprinters test pos. disqualified. Diver HIV.

1992 Olympics political Climate?

· Eastern bloc countries could compete for first time. Germany competes as a unified team (first since64') Soviet union (USSR) now competes as Russia.

Identify the many controversies surrounding Avery Brundage.

· Eliminating team sports, eliminate subjectively runned sports (gymnastics), limit the number of entries for each event, reduce number of events to control costs, eliminate womens events, Eliminate Winter Games

· Who is Karl Schranz?

· First Olympic athlete to openly admit to using sponsorship. Became poster boy for changes to eligibility rules 1972

· What are the los angeles games known for?

· First games of the modern movement to not have government financing.

· How did Tommie Smith, John Carlos, and Harry Edwards influence the 1968 Games What was the movement that began with Dr. Harry Edwards

· First place gold medalist - Tommie Smith. Bronze medal - John Carlos (200m). Stripped of medals and banned from Olympics. Harry Edwards was the guy who started the topics of human rights, leadership, and equality. Was a professor at san jose state. Group called "Olympic project for human rights"

· 92' Summer games (Barcelona, spain) known for?

· First time since 72' no boycotts. S Africa allowed to compete. "Dream team" USA

· Juan Antonio Samaranch was influential in changing which historic IOC policy? Identify the many achievements of Juan Antonio Samaranch.

· He ended the "sham" of amateurism. The worlds greatest athletes became Olympians during this time. He is known for the Olympic truce. He is considered the IOC president who built the Olympic games of the modern era. 1980-2001.

· Explain the record times during the 1968 Summer Games

· High elevation

· Be able to differentiate the terms amateur & professional athletes as provided by the IOC, USSR

· IOC said you had to be amatueur = Not a professional. Professional = paid athlete by private enterprise or sponsor. Athletes in USSR got paid the same as everyone else in USSR (as soldiers and workers for the state) being an athlete was their job. There was no such thing as "professional" in USSR because no private industry could exist in a soviet system

2002 Winter games (Salt Lake City, Utah) known for?

· IOC scandal. 6 committee members expelled for taking over a million dollars in bribes from Salt Lake city organizing committee. Also, instant video replay in figure skating. Ground zero flag flown at Olympics. Torch was American symbol of hope and pride. Committee members were from there on not allowed to visit candidate cities ahead of the selection process.

· What were the 84' games known for?

· Ice Dancing. Yugoslavia was no longer a country after 91' religious boarder fight caused surrounding countries to break apart the communist country.

· Where were the 1964 Winter Games?

· Innsbruck Austria ( Known for lack of snow)

· Korean war was the result of?

· Korea Originally ruled by Japan. USSR(stalin) took control of (N. Korea) in 50's and Boarder wars started between the two countries. N Korea is Communist run to this day. S. Korea controlled by USA.

· 2006 Winter Games (Turin, Italy) known for?

· Large doping scandal Austria Ski team. 6 austrian athletes banned for life.

· What were some of the victories at the 1968 Games?

· Lots of protests. Czech gymnast Vera Caslavska defeats Soviet Gymnast. Considered Dramatic and Heroic. Tommie Smith and John Carlos stand.

· Who lead the boycott After Rosa Parks incident?

· Martin Luther King Jr

· Identify the reason for the protests prior to the 1968 Summer Games

· Mexican College student protest, Military forces Mascaraed protesters. Protesters were fighting for social injustice and de-funded programs due to cost of Olympic games.

· Who is Cassius Clay?

· Muhammad Ali

· What event took place at the 1972 Games that changed the future of the Olympics; what was the primary goal of that event

· Munich 1972 - Munich massacre - Death of Israeli athletes, coaches and staff by Palestinian terrorists. Access to world press and tv. Primary goal: Wanted to showcase a modern Germany

· MLK known for?

· Non-violent protests

· 1968 Grenoble France winter Olympics

· Peggy Flemming (Thrown into International comps. At 12 after us skate team dies.) wins gold. Jean Claude Killy swept the alpine events after most controversial ruling in Olympic history.

· 2000 Summer games (Sydney Australia) who was not invited to participate?

· Peter Norman. Went as a guest of the USOC.

· Why were there boycotts back and forth in the 80's?

· President of USA told USSR to get out of Afghanistan. And other issues with USSR communism

· What did the 1964 Summer Games symbolize?

· Reconstruction of Japan(Tokyo) following WWII

IOC anthem (played at first modern Olympics) was adopted and played at what Olympic games?

· Rome 1960

· Identify the noteworthy achievements at the 1960 Rome Games during the rise of civil rights awareness.(Black athlete breakthrough performances)

· S. Africa Banned due to countries apartheid policies. First black African Gold Medalist(marathon, ran barefoot), First African Medalist Boxing, Gold medal Decathalon USA, first american to win 3 gold medals at one event. Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali)- gold medal heavyweight boxing.

How did the IOC choose to deal with South Africa & apartheid policies?

· S. Africa was banned from participation after Rome 1960. 1956 games many countries refused to compete against S. Africa.

· Who hosted the 1948 Games and what were the Games known for?

· Summer - London - "Spartan Games" Bare Boned games Winter - Switzerland St. Mortiz

Prior Soviet Union accepted participation, they accepted only one thing.

· They allowed USSR to appoint their own representative.

· Why did the USSR delay their participation in the Olympics?

· They felt their athletes were unprepared and that the Olympics were a propaganda tool for communism

· Identify the Olympic Medals from 1928-1968

· They stayed the same for summer only

· USSR did not participate in Olympics from WWI until 1952 why?

· They viewed the Olympics as a "Capitalist System"

· When was the first "fair play trophy" awarded?

· Tokyo 1964 yachting race

What were the Tokyo Games known for?

· USA and Japan worked together to launch a satellite that Provided Satellite tv and broadcast games simultaneously. Touch pads used in pools

· In the 1960's boycotts

· USSR invading Czechoslovakia - Vera Casalavska. S. Africa unable to participate due to apartheid. Cassius Clay (Muhhamad Ali) refused to participate in Vietnam war - stripped of titles. Czech gymnast controversy. Berlin Wall goes up, iron fist in power. Vietnam, anti-war demonstrations, Human rights. MLK jr dead. Mexico City Masaqure

· Identify the formation of the Eastern Bloc countries

· USSR wanted to control military forces in eastern bloc. Warsaw pact was created to "maintain peace" although it was really created to maintain power and control over the Eastern bloc countries.

· As a result of the cold war agreement who gained control over North Korea during the N and S Korean War?

· USSR(Stalin)

What was Avery Brundage's resistance to alpine skiing as an Olympic sport

· Was against Sponsorship for alpine skiing (gear) - concerned about growing commercialism. - He was against winter sports.

First Winter Olympics held on a different year?

· · 92' was last winter and summer games TOGETHER. 1994 was first year they were SEPERATED, decided in 86' due to increased revenues gained from more publicity and television rights.

· North Korean policies surrounding the 1988 Olympic events.

· · First time held in S. Korea (seoul) lots of concern from other nations attending. N. Korea demanded to share host. They didn't want to agree to the 5 prelem events given by ioc. Announced boycott of games. USSR attended "to end boycotts with us"

· Identify the financial success of Olympic cities.

·· 84' Los angeles, 88' Seoul S. Korea, 96' Atlanta Georgia, 08' Beijing China only Olympic games to have financial gain. 92' Baracelona, investment paid off, by late 90's they became one of the highest visited cities in Europe.

· When did East and west Germany reunite?

1990