Kinesiology Chapter 2 Study Guide
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding isokinetic exercise? A. The speed or velocity of movement is constant B. Muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement C. Is not another type or classification of muscle contraction D. Can only be performed on machines such as Biodex, Cybex, and Lido
B
Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the nervous system responsible for generating and transmitting nervous impulses? A. Dendrite B. Neuron C. Ganglion D. Dermatome
B
Which of the following is true regarding concentric muscle contractions? A. The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance B. Contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance C. Causes a body part to remain stable against gravity or external forces D. Results in the joint angle changing in the opposite direction of the applied muscle force
B
The pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement may be classified by the following terms except? A. Unipennate B. Bipennate C. Tripennate D. Multipennate
C
Which of the following is a true statement regarding synergist muscles? A. Assist in action of antagonists B. Are always considered to be prime movers for the action C. Known as guiding muscles D. Assist in refined movement and cause undesired motions
C
Which of the following is affected by the shape and size of a muscle? A. Rate of muscle contraction B. Bony structure C. Ability of a muscle to produce force D. Location of the associated nerve
C
Which of the following is not a classification of neuron type? A. Sensory B. Motor C. Peripheral D. Interneuron
C
Which of the following is not true with respect to an isometric muscle contraction? A. Tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant B. Considered to be a static contraction C. Is considered to be a dynamic contraction D. Joint angle may be maintained in a relatively stable position
C
Which of the following is true regarding an eccentric muscle action? A. The muscle does not control the movement with gravity or resistance B. Described as a positive type of contraction C. The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance D. Results in the joint angle changing in the direction opposite that of the resistance or external force
C
_____ occurs when an antagonistic muscle becomes stretched to the point at which it can no longer lengthen and allow movement. A. Active insufficiency B. Countercurrent movement C. Passive insufficiency D. Reciprocal innervation
C
Muscles provide all of the following except? A. Protection B. Posture and support C. Produce a major portion of total body heat D. Attachment points for other muscles
D
Which of the following do not result in the contraction of the muscle fibers in a particular motor unit? A. Maximal stimulus B. Submaximal stimulus C. Threshold stimulus D. Subthreshold stimulus
D
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding antagonist muscles? A. Muscle is typically located on opposite side of the joint from agonist B. When activated these muscles have the opposite concentric action C. Also known as contralateral muscles D. These muscles work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement
D
Which of the following is not true regarding concentric muscle contractions? A. A muscle develops active tension as it shortens B. Contractions occur when the muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance C. Contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance D. Commonly described as being a negative type of contraction
D
All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic.
False
Antagonist muscles are known as primary or prime movers or muscles most involved in a joint action.
False
Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated.
False
Eccentric muscle "actions" result from isometric muscle contractions.
False
Eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening.
False
Fusiform muscle fiber arrangement results in a circular pattern.
False
Isokinetic muscle contractions involve a dynamic movement wherein the speed of movement is variable.
False
It is not possible for a muscle to cause more than one action in an associated joint.
False
The more sudden the activation of a myotatic reflex, the less significant the reflexive contraction.
False
The shape and arrangement of muscle fibers affect the muscle's ability to relax.
False
The synergist muscle of an activity is considered to be the primary mover.
False
The term "extensibility" refers to the ability of a muscle to return to its original length following stretching.
False
Each muscle in the human body may be innervated by a single nerve or multiple nerves.
True
Generally, as a muscle gets longer, its ability to exert force increases.
True
Isotonic contractions are described as either concentric or eccentric on basis of whether shortening or lengthening of the muscle occurs.
True
Joint movement may occur without any muscle contraction.
True
Skeletal muscles are responsible for movement of the body as a whole and movement within each of the joints of the body.
True
The conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space is kinesthesis.
True
The term "action" refers to a specific movement of a joint that occurs as a result from a concentric muscle contraction.
True
The term "innervation" is used to describe a segment of nervous system and is defined as being responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle.
True
The term "intrinsic" usually pertains to muscles within or belonging solely to the body part upon which they act.
True
The term "isokinetics" describes a type of dynamic exercise that uses concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions.
True
There are two major types of fiber arrangements which are parallel and pennate.
True
Two different muscles may contract simultaneously at a joint and cause a motion that neither would cause if contracting alone.
True
When antagonist muscles contract concentrically they perform the opposite joint motion of the agonist muscle.
True
Regarding the angle of pull, a muscle would be most effective in moving a joint when its angle of pull is at _____ degrees. A. 32 B. 84 C. 99 D. 102
B
The subconscious mechanism by which the body is able to regulate posture and movement is _____. A. kinesthesis B. proprioception C. reflex D. pathogenesis
B
Which of the following is a proprioceptor associated with muscle tissue? A. Pacian corpuscle B. Golgi Tendon Organ C. Meissner's corpuscle D. Ruffini organ
B
Which of the following is not a shape by which muscles are categorized? A. Sphincter B. Radial C. Strap D. Fusiform
B
List the four properties of muscle tissue.
1. Contractility 2. Irritability 3. Extensibility 4. Elasticity
Muscles are usually named due to all of the following except? A. Nerve B. Shape C. Size D. Function
A
Which of the following is a true statement regarding agonist muscles? A. Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically B. Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting isometrically C. Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting eccentrically D. Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting isokinetically
A
Which of the following is a true statement regarding stabilizer muscles? A. Are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements B. Contract to unlock the joint to enable another limb or body segment to exert force and/or move C. Known as guiding muscles D. Are located opposite a joint or body part
A
Which of the following is not a property of skeletal muscle tissue that allows for force production and movement about joints? A. Constrictability B. Elasticity C. Extensibility D. Irritability
A
Which of the following is not true regarding an eccentric muscle action? A. Typically called a positive type of muscle contraction B. The muscle lengthens under tension C. Occurs when muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of resistance D. Weight or resistance overcomes muscle contraction but not to the point that muscle cannot control descending movement
A
Which of the following statements is true regarding isometric muscle actions? A. Tension is developed within a muscle but joint angles remain constant B. Tension is developed to either cause or control joint movement C. Dynamic type of contraction D. Varying degrees of tension in muscles are causing joint angles to change
A
