kinesiology exam 3

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the abdominal muscles?

Both of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?

Decreases stability

Which of the following is not an action of the pectineus muscle?

abduction of the hip

Agonist muscles during hip flexion include all of the following except the:

adductor magnus muscle

Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?

covered by the vastus fascia

The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:

erector spinae

An ankle sprain is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more tendons.

false

Both the tibialis posterior muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle are innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2).

false

Hip flexion refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline.

false

Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off, the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation.

false

Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column

false

Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage.

false

The acetabular femoral joint is reinforced by an extremely weak ligamentous capsule and the stability of this joint is attributed to the surrounding musculature.

false

The cuboid bone is located medially with respect to the navicular bone.

false

The extensor digitorum longus muscle in innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2).

false

Which of the following muscles does not perform eversion of the foot?

flexor hallucis longus

Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs about the _____ axis.

frontal

Triceps surae refers to the _____.

gastrocnemius and soleus

The _____ is best stretched by moving the hip into extreme adduction in front of the opposite extremity and then behind it, and weakness in this muscle can result in a Trendelenburg gait.

gluteus medius muscle

The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine rib cage.

lumbar

Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion?

peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?

peroneus tertius

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates all of the following muscles except:

sartorius

Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?

semimembranosus

Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion?

soleus

From the medial to the lateral, the erector spinae muscles are the _____.

spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis

The vastus medialis provides a(n) _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically

superomedial

The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons to increase the mechanical advantage of the respective muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions.

true

The erector spinae iliocostalis muscles are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine.

true

The extensor hallucis longus muscle can perform weak inversion of the foot.

true

The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar portions of the spine are lordotic.

true

The only muscle involved in extending all of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus.

true

Which of the following muscles has its origin on the distal third of the anterior fibula?

Peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles would be the most effective in performing anterior pelvic rotation?

The erector spinae

Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle?

The lateral abdominis

Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?

The left sternocleidomastoid

In the context of the pelvic girdle motions, which of the following statements is true of the right lateral pelvic rotation?

The right pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to the left pelvis in the frontal plane.

Which of the following muscles contracts concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?

The right sternocleidomastoid

Of the four abdominal muscles, which is not a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?

The transverse abdominis

Which of the following muscles can perform inversion of the foot when concentrically contracting?

Tibialis anterior

The external oblique abdominal muscle inserts on the _____.

anterior half of crest of ilium, inguinal ligament, crest of pubis, and fascia of rectus abdominis at the lower front

The insertion of the tensor fasciae latae muscle is one-fourth of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract, which in turn inserts onto Gerdy's tubercle of the _____ tibial condyle.

anterolateral

The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.

false

The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.

false

The horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis muscle, giving it a segmented appearance, are the linea alba.

false

The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments.

false

The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to the popliteus muscle origin and inserts on the fibular head.

false

The semimembranosus muscle inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle.

false

The semitendinosus muscle is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.

false

The spinous processes are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies.

false

The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves.

false

The gluteus maximus muscle is stretched in the supine position with full hip flexion to the ipsilateral axilla and then to the contralateral axilla with the knee in _____.

flexion

Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the four lesser toes when concentrically contracting?

flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting?

flexor hallucis longus

Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting?

gastrocnemius

The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the _____.

tibialis anterior

The "Tom, Dick, and Harry" phrase refers to the _____, respectively.

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

A sideward deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis.

true

Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia.

true

As the knee approaches full extension, the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.

true

Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration.

true

Functions of the acetabular femoral joint include weight bearing and locomotion.

true

Increased pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and may result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the lower extremity.

true

Motions of the metatarsophalangeal joints of toes include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

true

Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position.

true

Severe injuries at the tibiofibular joint can involve the posterior tibiofibular ligament, interosseus ligament, and interosseus membrane.

true

The femoral nerve arises from the posterior division of the lumbar plexus and innervates the anterior muscles of the thigh.

true

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.

true

The flexor hallucis longus muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2).

true

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle.

true

The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae muscle inserts on Gerdy's tubercle.

true

The linea alba runs vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis and divides the rectus abdominis muscle.

true

The pelvic girdle consists of a right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum.

true

The pubofemoral ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive extension and abduction.

true

The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting.

true

The sartorius, the gracilis, and the semitendinosus muscles insert on the anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle.

true

The tibialis anterior muscle performs dorsiflexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane.

true

The vertebral column has 24 articulating vertebrae.

true