Knee Prevention and Care Ch 15

Identify the symptoms of loose bodies within the knee.

- locking and popping - pain and instability - feeling of the knee giving way

chronic compartment syndrome

It usually occurs during running and jumping activities, and symptoms cease when activity stops.

Identify the modes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Multiple select question. Sweat Urine Semen Human blood

semen and human blood

The term " " is a catchall that has traditionally referred to any type of pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg, and it is more correctly called medial tibial stress syndrome.

shin splints

another name for medial tibial stress sydrome

shin splints

where in the lower leg are the muscles that plantarflex the ankle

superficial posterior compartment

what bones constitute the knee joint

tibia, fibula, femur, patella

what test is intended to reveal laxity of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments

valgus and varus stress tests

A trauma to tissues that causes a break in the continuity of that tissue is defined as a: Multiple choice question. hemorrhage. sepsis. wound. stroke.

wound

where in the lower leg are the muscles that invert the ankle

deep posterior compartment

In the context of the role of shoe type in the prevention of knee injuries, which of the following are true of the traction of the shoe?

- Shoes with high rotational traction have multiple long cleats on the outside of the sole that provide good traction when changing direction. - Shoes with the best translational traction tend to have the lowest incidence of injuries to the lower extremities.

Identify the true statements about palpation that is done as part of assessing the lower leg for injuries. Multiple select question. It should be ideally done by placing a pillow under the hips so that the person feels comfortable. It should be done over the musculature in each of the four compartments of the muscles. It should aim at detecting obvious structural deformities, swelling, and localized tenderness. It should primarily include the iliac crest, femur, sacrum, and coccyx.

It should be done over the musculature in each of the four compartments of the muscles. It should aim at detecting obvious structural deformities, swelling, and localized tenderness.

Which of the following are true of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee? Multiple select question. It stabilizes the tibia against excessive internal rotation. It serves as a secondary stabilizer when there is injury to the collateral ligaments. It attaches above the joint line on the medial condyle of the femur and inserts well below the joint line on the tibia. It functions to resist external tibial rotation.

It stabilizes the tibia against excessive internal rotation. It serves as a secondary stabilizer when there is injury to the collateral ligaments.

Which of the following are true of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain? Multiple select question. It often occurs when an athlete lands from a jump with the knee flexed as opposed to extended. It typically requires surgical repair and unfortunately has relatively high re-rupture rates. It is more likely to occur in females than in males. It occurs as a result of a laterally directed varus force from the medial side.

It typically requires surgical repair and unfortunately has relatively high re-rupture rates. It is more likely to occur in females than in males.

Which of the following are true of meniscus injuries? Multiple select question. A tear of the meniscus most often results from weight bearing combined with a rotational force while extending or flexing the knee. correct Injuries to the meniscus can be attributed to malalignment and structural asymmetries of the foot and lower leg. The lateral meniscus has a much higher incidence of injury than does the medial meniscus. The medial meniscus is prone to disruption from valgus and rotational forces because of its attachment to the deep portion of the medial collateral ligament.

A tear of the meniscus most often results from weight bearing combined with a rotational force while extending or flexing the knee. The medial meniscus is prone to disruption from valgus and rotational forces because of its attachment to the deep portion of the medial collateral ligament.

In the context of signs of wound infection, which of the following is true of tetanus? Multiple choice question. A tetanus infection occurs most often with a puncture wound. The tetanus bacillus releases acetylcholine from presynaptic cells. Clonic spasm of cardiac muscles is always a possibility for any nonimmunized athlete. Tetanus is a fungal infection that causes pneumonia.

A tetanus infection occurs most often with a puncture wound.

When there is ongoing chronic pain, inflammation of the Achilles tendon may subside but the tendon may begin to degenerate with thickening and scar formation. This degeneration of the tendon along with thickening and scar formation is known as: Multiple choice question. acute compartment syndrome. Achilles tendinosis. Achilles tendinitis. chronic compartment syndrome.

Achilles tendinosis

Which of the following are true of bursitis in the knee? Multiple select question. The pretibial bursa becomes irritated from overuse of the patellar tendon. Bursitis in the knee can be acute, chronic, or recurrent. correct The pretibial bursa and the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursae on the front of the knee have the highest incidence of irritation in sports. The prepatellar bursa often becomes inflamed from continued kneeling or falling directly on the knee.

Bursitis in the knee can be acute, chronic, or recurrent. The prepatellar bursa often becomes inflamed from continued kneeling or falling directly on the knee.

Identify the types of direct transmission of infectious diseases. Multiple select question. Fecal-oral spread Inhalation of contaminated droplets from someone who coughs or sneezes in close proximity Contact with infected inanimate objects such as water, food, towels, clothing, and eating utensils Contact with contaminated body surfaces Contact with insects, birds, or animals, that carry diseases

Fecal-oral spread Inhalation of contaminated droplets from someone who coughs or sneezes in close proximity Contact with contaminated body surfaces

Which of the following is true of chondromalacia patella? Multiple choice question. It is often related to either abnormal movement of the patella within the femoral groove or to overuse. correct The most common cause of the condition is the repeated pull of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle on the front of the tibia. It is a condition common to the rapidly growing immature adolescent's knee. This condition often develops because of repeated trauma to the knee during sports activities.

It is often related to either abnormal movement of the patella within the femoral groove or to overuse.

In the context of lower-leg injuries, identify true statements about Achilles tendon rupture. Multiple select question. It is usually caused by a sudden, forceful plantarflexion of the ankle. It occurs in activities requiring static rather than dynamic movement. It is more common in athletes below the age of 30 years than in others. It can occur following chronic inflammation of the tendon.

It is usually caused by a sudden, forceful plantarflexion of the ankle. It can occur following chronic inflammation of the tendon.

Identify the true statements about the shin (tibia) of the lower leg. Multiple select question. It lies just under the skin. It is more lateral and thinner than is the fibula. It is highly vulnerable and sensitive to blows. It has muscular and adipose padding.

It lies just under the skin. It is highly vulnerable and sensitive to blows.

Which of the following is true about an inversion ankle sprain? Multiple choice question. It usually takes longer to heal than does an eversion sprain. It is commonly known as a high ankle sprain. It is less common than an eversion ankle sprain. It often results in injury to the lateral ligaments.

It often results in injury to the lateral ligaments (more common than eversion)

Identify a true statement about the gloves used for the personal protection of health care personnel. Multiple choice question. Latex gloves are used when there is minimal prospect for long-term exposure to blood or other bodily fluids. The choice of glove type should be universal irrespective of the situations. One-time-use nonlatex gloves should be used for treating a bleeding athlete. Nonlatex gloves must be used when a superior barrier protection is needed.

One-time-use nonlatex gloves should be used for treating a bleeding athlete.

Identify a true statement about the precautions to be taken if an athlete has open wounds or other skin lesions. Multiple choice question. Open wounds or other skin lesions are considered a risk for disease transmission and should be treated aggressively. Athletes with active bleeding must be allowed to participate as bleeding is usually deemed safe by medical staff. When a uniform has blood on it, the uniform should be burnt to avoid infection. A uniform that is saturated with blood need not be removed and changed.

Open wounds or other skin lesions are considered a risk for disease transmission and should be treated aggressively.

Which of the following is a condition common to the rapidly growing immature adolescent's knee? Multiple choice question. Patellar subluxation Osgood-Schlatter disease Chondromalacia patella Patellar tendinosis

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Identify a true statement about sports that have a potentially higher risk for the on-field transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multiple choice question. They have a long game duration and involve more than five players on each side. They involve close physical contact between players. Sports such as wrestling, boxing, and rugby have the least theoretical potential for transmission. Sports such as archery, baseball, and bowling have more theoretical potential for transmission.

They involve close physical contact between players.

Which of the following is true of occlusive dressings that are used in wound care? Multiple choice question. They appear to be extremely ineffective in minimizing scarring. They delay normal healing, increase the risk of infection, and should be used with caution. They are ineffective in preventing bacteria and other contaminants from getting into the wound. They provide a complete barrier around and over a wound and are air-tight and water-tight.

They provide a complete barrier around and over a wound and are air-tight and water-tight.

Which of the following tests is most likely used to determine if there is a rupture of the Achilles tendon in the lower leg? Multiple choice question. The Thomas test The apprehension test The empty can test The Thompson test

Thompson Test

Identify true statements about chronic ankle instability (CAI). Multiple select question. Ankle fractures rather than ankle sprain can lead to CAI. Treatment should focus on improving balance, strength, and dynamic movements with changes in direction. Hardly 5 percent of lateral ankle sprain patients will develop CAI in the general public. CAI may be defined by the presence of residual symptoms following recurrent sprains and episodes of giving way at their ankle.

Treatment should focus on improving balance, strength, and dynamic movements with changes in direction. CAI may be defined by the presence of residual symptoms following recurrent sprains and episodes of giving way at their ankle.

Treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome includes stretching the iliotibial band and performing techniques for reducing inflammation T or F

True

Identify the procedures involved in wound care that are required to prevent infections. Multiple select question. Use antiseptics (i.e., povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide) with caution. Cleanse the wound bed and periwound tissues as soon as possible with normal saline or tap water irrigation. Use antibacterial solutions and hydrogen peroxide to clean the wound initially. Use nonocclusive dressings that quicken normal healing and decrease the risk of infection.

Use antiseptics (i.e., povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide) with caution. Cleanse the wound bed and periwound tissues as soon as possible with normal saline or tap water irrigation.

Which of the following is a sign of jumper's knee or patellar tendinosis? Multiple choice question. Pain when the patella is compressed within the femoral groove while the knee is passively flexed and extended Swelling, hemorrhage, and gradual degeneration at the tibial tubercle Recurrent swelling around the patella and a grating sensation when flexing and extending the knee Vague pain and tenderness, generally around the bottom of the patella on the posterior aspect, that worsens when jumping or running

Vague pain and tenderness, generally around the bottom of the patella on the posterior aspect, that worsens when jumping or running

In the context of ankle injuries, usually a physician treats Blank______ by casting the leg in a short walking cast for 6 weeks with early weight bearing. Multiple choice question. tendinitis ankle fractures ankle sprains tendinosis

ankle fractures

what tests are used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligaments

anterior and posterior drawer tests

During a game of basketball, Amy cuts to her right to catch the ball passed by her teammate. She feels her knees giving away and falls on the court with her knee extended. She hears an audible pop from her knee, feels immense pain, and fails to move for a few minutes. When the medical team examines her, she tells that the pain has subsided and that she can walk. In this scenario, Amy has most likely injured her: Multiple choice question. patellar tendon. anterior cruciate ligament. lateral collateral ligament. tibial tubercle.

anterior cruciate ligament.

The Blank______ ligament is the weakest of the three lateral ligaments of the ankle and is injured in an inverted and plantarflexed position as a result of an inversion ankle sprain. Multiple choice question. iliofemoral anterior talofibular posterior talofibular calcaneofibular

anterior talofibular

what test is used to detect a meniscus tear

apley's compression test

When ankle fracture is suspected, a gentle percussive blow can be applied upward on the bottom of the heel. Such blows set up a vibratory force that resonates at the fracture, causing pain. This is a test for ankle injuries called the: Multiple choice question. bump test. anterior drawer test. Thomas test. talar tilt test.

bump test

Identify the supplies that the sports programs must have available in keeping with the standard universal precautions. Multiple select question. Chlorine bleach Wound care bandages Insect repellents X-ray machines

chlorine bleach wound care bandages antiseptics proper receptacles for soiled equip and uniforms designated container for sharp object disposal

Identify a true statement about the ankle joint. Multiple choice question. The ankle joint allows two motions: inversion and eversion. Ankle joint position sense is typically enhanced by training on even surfaces. Contraction of the muscles in the lower leg produces movement at the ankle joint. The ankle joint is formed by the talus and the calcaneus.

contraction of the muscles in the lower leg produces movement at the ankle joint

Generally recuperation from a stress fracture in the lower leg requires about a 2-week period during which the athlete must: Multiple choice question. not continue to be weight bearing. seek treatment to increase the likelihood of myositis ossificans. not engage in the activity that caused the problem in the first place. apply pressure to the rotator cuff muscles.

not engage in the activity that caused the problem in the first place.

OSHA stands for

occupational safety and health administration

There is maximal risk of on-field transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from one player to another in sports. True false question.TrueFalse

only minimal risk... low

In the context of signs of wound infection, an athlete not immunized should receive an injection of Blank______ immediately after sustaining a skin wound. Multiple choice question. benzathine penicillin G fludrocortisone tetanus immune globulin para-chloro-meta-xyleno

tetanus immune globulin

knee flexion

the hamstring group (the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, popliteus, and plantaris)

In the context of different types of wounds, which of the following is true of abrasions? Multiple choice question. Exposed abrasions introduce the tetanus bacillus into the bloodstream. The top layer of skin wears away, exposing numerous blood capillaries. The exposure of abrasions increase the probability of infection even when the wounds are properly debrided. Abrasions should be referred immediately to a physician.

the top layer of skin wears away, exposing numerous blood capillaries

Which of the following is true about Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines for bloodborne pathogens? Multiple choice question. They are intended to protect health care employees. They are meant to protect staff who do not normally come in contact with blood or other bodily fluids from an injured athlete, as their risk is high. They are intended to protect athletes. It is the responsibility of the federal government rather than the high school, college, professional team, or clinic to ensure that the guidelines are being followed.

they are intended to protect health care employees

Identify the characteristics of sterile dressings that are used in wound care. Multiple select question. They will speed healing. They will minimize the inflammatory response. They will increase antioxidants in the body. They will increase platelet count.

they will speed healing they will minimize the inflammatory response

The______ is the most commonly fractured long bone in the human body. Multiple choice question. femur fibula talus tibia

tibia

Which of the following constitute the bony components of the lower leg and are primarily responsible for weight bearing and muscle attachment? Multiple select question. The femur The fibula The tibia The maxilla

tibia and fibula

After an Achilles tendon rupture, surgical repair of the tendon is recommended to allow the athlete to return to previous levels of activity. True false question.TrueFalse

true.. surgical repair or cast immobilization, but surgery is recommended (will require 6-8 weeks to allow for proper tendon healing after surgery)

where in the lower leg are the muscles that dorsiflex the ankle

anterior compartment

Arrange the actions that cause acute patellar subluxation or dislocation in the correct order of occurrence. (Place the first action at the top.)

1- an athlete plants the foot 2- the thigh rotates internally while the lower leg rotates externally, causing a medially directed valgus force at the knees 3- the quads attempt to pull in a straight line

While playing ice hockey, Marcus gets hit with a hockey stick on his left knee. He is immediately removed from the ice rink as he experiences extreme pain. After examination, the medical team informs him that he has bruised the vastus medialis of the quadriceps group of muscles in the knee joint. Which of the following recommendations for care is Marcus most likely to receive? Multiple select question. Application of anti-inflammatory agents and local heat Use of functional knee braces Application of compression bandages and cold until resolution Inactivity and rest for 24 hours

Application of compression bandages and cold until resolution Inactivity and rest for 24 hours

Which of the following are signs of chronic ankle instability? Multiple select question. Diminished postural control Increased laxity Deficient upper body strength Lack of sensation in ankle

Diminished postural control Increased laxity

Which of the following is true of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? Multiple choice question. HIV increases the effectiveness of the host cell in preventing disease. There is a rapid decrease in the number of known individuals who are HIV positive. HIV antibodies can be detected in a blood test within a week following exposure. HIV is a viral infection that has the potential to eventually destroy the immune system.

HIV is a viral infection that has the potential to eventually destroy the immune system

______ is an overuse condition commonly occurring in runners or cyclists that can be attributed to malalignment and structural asymmetries of the foot and lower leg. Multiple choice question. Patellar tendinosis Patellofemoral pain syndrome Osgood-Schlatter disease Iliotibial band friction syndrome

Iliotibial band friction syndrome

Identify true statements about medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints). Multiple select question. It involves increasing pain specifically at the distal two-thirds of the posterior medial aspect of the tibia. Medial tibial stress syndrome does not progress to a fracture and usually heals quickly even without appropriate treatment. Pain in medial tibial stress syndrome is solely caused due to tightness of the Achilles complex. A strain of the posterior tibialis muscle and its fascial sheath at its attachment to the periosteum of the distal tibia during running activities is the most likely mechanism for this injury.

It involves increasing pain specifically at the distal two-thirds of the posterior medial aspect of the tibia. A strain of the posterior tibialis muscle and its fascial sheath at its attachment to the periosteum of the distal tibia during running activities is the most likely mechanism for this injury.

In the context of lower-leg injuries, which of the following statements is true about Achilles tendinitis? Multiple choice question. It heals with the help of uphill running or hill workouts. It is commonly known as Achilles tendinosis. It is a condition that primarily involves the degeneration of the tendon along with thickening and scar formation. It is an inflammatory condition that occurs because of repetitive stresses and strains placed on the tendon.

It is an inflammatory condition that occurs because of repetitive stresses and strains placed on the tendon.

acute compartment syndrome

It is considered to be a medical emergency because of the possibility of compression of arterial and nerve supply.

Identify the symptoms shown by humans who are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Multiple select question. Painful or swollen glands Muscle or joint pain Dark urine Night sweats

muscle or joint pain dark urine

Which of the following is true of the knee? Multiple choice question. It is the joint between the talus and the calcaneus. It is a bony ring formed by two innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. It functions to provide stability in weight bearing and mobility in locomotion. It allows two motions: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion.

it functions to provide stability in weight bearing and mobility in locomotion

What are the likely symptoms of a meniscal tear? Multiple select question. Pain when squatting correct Point tenderness over the anterior proximal tibial tubercle Intermittent locking and giving way correct Joint-line pain and loss of motion correct Effusion developing gradually over 48 to 72 hours correct Pain when standing that subsides when squatting

Pain when squatting Intermittent locking and giving way Joint-line pain and loss of motion Effusion developing gradually over 48 to 72 hours

Identify a true statement about assessing the ankle joint. Multiple choice question. The anterior drawer test must be used to determine the extent of inversion or eversion injuries of the ankle joint. The Thomas test must be used to determine the extent of ankle injury to the anterior talofibular ligament. Palpation in the ankle region should start with key bony landmarks and ligaments and progress to the musculature. Bony palpation should include the iliac crest, femur, sacrum, and coccyx, looking for point tenderness and discomfort.

Palpation in the ankle region should start with key bony landmarks and ligaments and progress to the musculature.

Which of the following are true of the treatment of Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Stressful activities are decreased for approximately 6 months to 1 year. Severe cases may require padding to protect the tibial tubercle from additional trauma. Isometric strengthening of quadriceps and hamstring muscles is performed.

where in the lower leg are the muscles that evert the ankle

lateral compartment

bone that is the thickened distal portion of the fibula

lateral malleolus

fracture associated with eversion ankle injury

lateral malleolus fracture

what fracture is most likely in an eversion ankle injury

lateral malleolus fracture

Which of the following are true of the treatment for an injury to the posterior cruciate ligament? Multiple select question. Rehabilitation following surgery involves 6 weeks of immobilization in extension with full weight bearing on crutches. correct Nonoperative rehabilitation of grade 1 and 2 injuries should focus on quadriceps strengthening. correct Range-of-motion exercises after surgery begin at 2 weeks, progressing to the use of progressive resistance exercise at 3 months. Rehabilitation following surgery usually involves limited immobilization with range-of-motion and progressive weight bearing for 2 weeks. The protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, and elevation (POLICE) principle should be initiated immediately.

Rehabilitation following surgery involves 6 weeks of immobilization in extension with full weight bearing on crutches. Nonoperative rehabilitation of grade 1 and 2 injuries should focus on quadriceps strengthening. The protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, and elevation (POLICE) principle should be initiated immediately.

Which of the following activities should an athlete be able to execute without difficulty to be declared ready to return to activity following an ankle injury? Multiple select question. Starting or stopping the running motion Walking on heels Running fast on toes Hopping on affected foot with heel and toes both touching surface Running figure eights

Starting or stopping the running motion Walking on heels Running figure eights walk on toes hop on affected foot without heal touching surface change direction rapidly

To prevent lower-leg and ankle injuries, an athlete should routinely stretch the Achilles tendon complex before and after practice. Which of the following is most likely a way to stretch the Achilles tendon complex? Multiple choice question. A gentle percussive blow should be applied upward on the bottom of the heel, and such blows should set up a vibratory force that resonates, causing pain in the ankle. The ankle should be dorsiflexed and the knee fully extended to stretch the gastrocnemius muscle, and then the knee should be flexed to about 30 degrees to stretch the soleus muscle. The foot should be positioned at 90 degrees to the lower leg and stabilized, and the calcaneus should be inverted. The lower tibia of the ankle should be grasped in one hand and the calcaneus in the palm of the other hand.

The ankle should be dorsiflexed and the knee fully extended to stretch the gastrocnemius muscle, and then the knee should be flexed to about 30 degrees to stretch the soleus muscle.

Hepatitis C is both an acute and chronic form of a disease that affects the Blank______ and is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Multiple choice question. kidney stomach pancreas liver

liver

In the context of the anatomy of the knee, which of the following are true of the menisci?

They help cushion any stresses placed on the knee joint by keeping the bony surface of the femur separated from the tibial plateau. They lie on top of the flat tibial plateau and function to make the rounded femoral condyles fit better on the flat tibial plateau.

bone that is the thickened distal portion of the tibia

medial malleolus

Identify the symptoms of an injury to the knee plica. Multiple select question. The patient complains of pain while standing that subsides when squatting. The patient may feel or hear a snap when flexing the knee. correct The patient experiences localized swelling above the knee that is similar to a balloon. The patient complains of recurrent episodes of painful feeling that the knee is locked when sitting for a period of time.

The patient may feel or hear a snap when flexing the knee. The patient complains of recurrent episodes of painful feeling that the knee is locked when sitting for a period of time.

internal tibial rotation

The popliteus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, and gracilis

Why are eversion ankle sprains considerably less common than inversion sprains? Multiple choice question. The lateral ligaments of ankle, which include the anterior talofibular, the posterior talofibular, and the calcaneofibular, collectively limit eversion of the ankle and support its inversion. The synovial membrane that holds together the tibia and fibula of the ankle joint strengthens the ability of the ankle to evert. The presence of a strong deltoid ligament, combined with the fact that the lateral malleolus of the fibula extends further distally than the medial malleolus, limits the ability of the ankle to evert. The motions of inversion and eversion take place at the ankle joint rather than at the subtalar joint.

The presence of a strong deltoid ligament, combined with the fact that the lateral malleolus of the fibula extends further distally than the medial malleolus, limits the ability of the ankle to evert.

knee extension

The quadriceps muscle group (the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis)

Identify a true statement about immediate care of open wounds. Multiple choice question. The wounds must initially be cleaned using copious amounts of disinfectants. The wounds must be cleaned as thoroughly as possible to minimize the chances of infection. Antibacterial solutions and hydrogen peroxide should be used to clean the wounds initially. Dressing wounds is not recommended as the wounds require an open environment to prevent infections.

The wounds must be cleaned as thoroughly as possible to minimize the chances of infection.

fracture associated with inversion ankle injury

medial malleolus fracture

what fracture is most likely in an inversion ankle injury

medial malleolus fracture

tendinosis

degeneration of the tendons surrounding the ankle joint

talar tilt test

determines extend of inversion and eversion ankle injuries

anterior drawer test

determines extent of injury to the anterior talofibular ligament primarily and to the other lateral ligaments secondarily

often produces fragmentation with little displacement

direct trauma

Which of the following are the protective equipment that are used when there is a potential contact with bloodborne pathogens? Multiple select question. Leg protection Disposable nonlatex gloves Eye protection Cooling vests

disposable nonlatex gloves eye protection

Muscle function is typically insignificant in evaluating ankle injuries. True false question.TrueFalse

false

Identify the signs in a person infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Multiple select question. Night sweats Abdominal pain Painful or swollen glands Fatigue

fatigue abdominal pain

fibular stress fractures most likely occur where

in the distal part of the bone

tibular stress fractures usually occur where

in the middle of the shaft

A severe pull of the patellar tendon occurs against the femur when the knee is semiflexed and the patella is subjected to maximum stress from the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament. Forcible muscle contraction may then fracture the patella at its lower half.

indirect trauma

tendinitis

inflammation of the tendons surrounding the ankle joint

The anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments bridge the tibia and fibula of the ankle and form the distal portion of the: Multiple choice question. synovial membrane. interosseous membrane. tympanic membrane. serous membrane.

interosseous membrane

Fatima, an athlete, suffers a severe blow to her unprotected shin. She complains of intense pain, swelling, and increased warmth. She notices that a bulging hematoma with a jellylike consistency develops rapidly and increases to the size of a golf ball. Which of the following conditions is most likely exemplified in this scenario? Multiple choice question. Tendinosis A shin splint Tendinitis A shin contusion

shin contusion

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of viral infection that results in: Multiple choice question. severe inflammation of the pancreas. the swelling of alveoli in the lungs with excess fluid from the blood vessels. swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function in the liver. the infection of the urethra or bladder and eventually kidney failure.

swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function in the liver.

bone that is more-or-less cube shaped tarsal bone

talus

bump test

tests for ankle fracture