KNES 280 Final Review

The three segments that are identified in the product type model of sport industry segmentation are ____________, ____________, and ____________. a) Sport performance; sport production; sport promotion b) Professional sport; sport agency; sport events c) Games; institutions; supporting sectors d) Sport product; sport activity; sport promotion

A

A heading that is indented left a) Should be boldface and typed in uppercase and lowercase letters b) Should be italicized c) May be typed in all uppercase letters and all lowercase letters depending on the heading's level d) Must end with a period

A

Bill Veeck believed and operated under the philosophy that fans came to the ballpark to A. be entertained. B. analyze baseball strategy. C. study player development. D. watch a football game.

A

Concerning page numbers, when submitting manuscripts. a) Number your pages consecutively starting with the title page. b) Place the numbers in the center of each page at the top margin. c) If a page is inserted after numbering is complete, number the inserted page with an a (e.g., 6a). d) Place the numbers in the center of each page in bold.

A

Efforts to support one's sponsorship with additional strategic initiatives is known as a. activation. b. cross promotion. c. return on investment. d. sales promotion.

A

In sponsorship process, which of the following entities form what is referred as the sponsorship triangle? a. sponsor, sponsee, and media b. sponsor, agent, and sponsee c. sponsee, media, and property owner d. none of the above

A

In the four major sports leagues how many agents are registered or certified with the respective players associations? A. 1,600-1,800 B. 500-750 C. 4,500-5,000 D. 1,000-1,200

A

Keeping the financial scope of the sport industry in mind, it is important to note that sport managers need to be able to organize and work with ______, the most important asset in their organization. a) people b) players c) businesses d) administrators

A

One model of the sport industry segmentation that are considered in this course is a) Product type model b) Sport activity model c) Sport communication model d) Sport marketing model

A

Previous literature in ambush marketing can be broadly categorized into five research streams. Which of the following is not one of these research streams? a) Sponsorship and mega-events b) consumer perception of ambush marketing c) ethical issues surrounding ambush marketing d) legal issues related to ambush marketing e) ambush marketing prevention strategies

A

Sport is a ____________ institution of astonishing magnitude and influence as evidenced by the passion that fans exhibit, its allotment of several pages in the daily newspaper, its own slot on every television and radio news program, and its own cable channels. a) Social b) Behavioural c) Economic d) Politics free

A

Sport marketing (and sport as a product) is a unique aspect of sport management because a) it has fixed supply b) it is consumed rationally c) the events are consistent d) there is great certainty surrounding the results

A

The earliest evolutionary change in sports broadcasting from factual reporting to sports entertainment was seen within A. ABC's Monday Night Football broadcast. B. the Internet. C. 1950 World Series radio broadcasts. D. the NCAA basketball tournament.

A

The first players association to negotiate the right for players to be represented by agents was the A. Major League Baseball Players Association. B. National Football League Players Association. C. National Basketball League Players Association. D. National Hockey League Players Association.

A

The process that involves assigning responsibility and accountability for results to employees is ______. a) delegation b) leading c) evaluating d) None of these are correct

A

Which of the following is not a primary reason for a municipality to subsidize a stadium/arena construction? A. Generating money B. Building civic pride C. Public relations boost of being "major league city" D. Building community spirit

A

Which of the following is one of the purposes of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA): a) Considering athletics as a professional sport b) Considering student-athletes different from the general student body c) Considers no distinction between college athletics and professional sports d) Considering athletics as a part of the educational program and inscribed within the mission of the University

A

Which of the following is wrong statement regarding ambush marketing? a) The phenomenon of ambush marketing observed in sport industry for over a century b) In modern sport history, arguably beginning with the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, ambush marketing practice has evolved and become sophisticated c) In the academic literature, ambush marketing has been part of the scholarly discussion and inquiry for more than 25 years d) There is no a precise conceptualization of the term in the literature

A

Which of the following stages of sponsorship (or Sponsor Map Model) is in the right order a. attention, understanding, engagement, appreciation, and commitment b. attention, understanding, appreciation, engagement, and commitment c. attention appreciation, understanding, appreciation, and commitment d. attention, engagement, appreciation, understanding and commitment

A

Which one of the following NCAA divisions is characterized as being highly competitive in contest, recruiting, and for job nationally a) NCAA Division 1 b) NCAA Division 2 c) NCAA Division 3 d) All of the above

A

Which university had the first master's-level sport administration program of study preparing students for jobs in a variety of sport-related industries? a) Ohio University b) Bowling Green State University c) University of Wisconsin d) Harvard University

A

________ carries participatory and collaborative content (e.g., text, audio files, photo, video, etc.) produced and controlled by users. a) Web 2.0 b) WWW c) Web 1.0 d) a and b

A

_______________ is a federal law that was passed in 1964 that prohibits sex discrimination in educational activity or program receiving federal financial assistance. a. Title IX b. Title XI c. Title I d. Title X

A

___________financing is when an organization borrows money that must be repaid over a period of time, usually with interest. A. Debt B. Government C. Hedge fund D. Capital investment

A

All of the following are functions of promotion except A. advertising. B. pricing research. C. personal selling. D. publicity.

B

All the following can be found on the title page except: a) university affiliation b) introduction c) author's name d) page number

B

Approximately how many athletes are in the four (4) major sports leagues? A. 1,400 B. 4,300 C. 2,400 D. 3,200

B

Because a sport marketer has very little control over their core product it has led entrepreneurs like Bill Veeck to focus on A. team winning percentage. B. product extensions. C. efficient operational systems. D. sponsorship revenues.

B

In the classification of social media users (social media ladder), those users who just started contributing to social media discussions but do not exhibit tangible commitment or engagement are called_____________? a) Lurkers b) Newbies c) Minglers d) Evangelist

B

Leagues such as the NFL, NBA, and MLB all maintain "credit facilities" because A. the leagues do not trust the financial markets. B. the leagues can lend less expensively than mainstream financial institutions. C. the teams, by law, have a right to borrow money from the leagues D. B and C are correct

B

Mark McCormack's sports marketing agency, IMG, began through a relationship with players of this sport A. baseball. B. golf. C. tennis. D. football.

B

The emphasis on product extensions and the development of team sport promotional strategy can be attributed to A. Roone Arledge. B. Bill Veeck. C. Branch Rickey. D. David Stern.

B

The manager determines what types of jobs need to be performed and who will be responsible for doing these jobs during the ______ function. a) planning b) organizing c) leading d) evaluating

B

The reserve system in Major League Baseball was A. a rule that allowed the designated hitter to only hit and not field. B. a rule that limited a free and open market for players. C. a rule that allowed the players to serve in the army reserve. D. a rule that allowed arbitration of player disputes.

B

The title page includes the title, a) Author, byline and abstract. b) Author, institutional affiliation, running head, and the page number 1. c) Author byline, institutional affiliation, abstract, and running head. d) Running head and title

B

Today's sport sponsorship can be described as a. companies delving into a sponsorship program because the CEO wants to. b. a discipline involving serious research, large investments, and strategic planning. c. a company's CEO being knowledgeable about the sport sponsorship business and making the decision him- or herself. d. a company wanting to be associated with a sport team because of the interaction with professional athletes.

B

Which best describes the coaching profession at the Division III level? a. Knowledge of athletic scholarships and how much they are allowed to give out b. An ability to wear many hats as they may be asked to teach or perform other administrative duties in addition to coaching c. An ability to oversee a large budget with many sources of revenue and expenses d. Knowledge of the complex NCAA recruiting rules

B

Which of the following helps sport managers to effectively implement change in the workplace? a) Plan for resistance and provide additional training and communications; b) Select priorities for change instead of attempting to address everything at once; c) Plan to deliver early tangible results and publicize successes to build momentum and support; d) Make sure top management sponsors and is fully committed to the agreed implementation. e) All of the above

B

Which of the following is false about the publicly traded corporation model of sport ownership structure? A. In the publicly traded corporation model, a franchise is governed by a board of directors who are elected by shareholder vote, board of directors then appoints the team's senior management B. The publicly traded corporation model is typically used by European Professional Soccer Clubs such as Manchester United, whose shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange C. Except in one team, the publicly traded corporation model is not used in North America sport system. D. All the above are correct.

B

Which of the following is not considered a social media platform? a) Blogs b) Wikipedia c) Google+ d) Myspace

B

Which of the following is not one of the three ownership models under which most sport franchises operate? A. private investor model B. private equity investor model C. publicly traded corporation model D. All the above are sport teams/franchises ownership models

B

Which of the following statement is wrong about ambush marketing? a) The phrase "ambush marketing" is largely regarded in the literature as a pejorative term to suggest benefits being stolen from sponsors b) Ambush marketing is considered as an attempt made by a sponsoring company to take advantage of the goodwill around an event c) Some argue that the term in its negative connotation is often being used inappropriately and believe that ambushing can be a legitimate competitive response. d) Some argue that ambush marketing is ethically questionable and still others believe that such claims are made in a way that justify one's position as either the ambusher or the ambushed.

B

Which type of sponsorship platform would be more appropriate for local or regional companies or companies with smaller marketing budgets? a. Governing body sponsorship b. Team sponsorship c. Athlete sponsorship d. Facility sponsorship

B

______ refers to the encouragement of employees to use their initiative and make decisions within their area of operations. a) Emotional intelligence b) Empowerment c) Diversity d) Managing

B

Which league has the highest credit rating in sports? A. MLB B. NFL C. NBA D. NHL

B and C

In 1992, the San Jose Sharks utilized _____________ in heavily traveled areas to help gain information about fan reaction to proposed logo and uniform designs. A. exit polling B. focus groups C. "pass-by interviews" D. random sampling

C

In a basic sense, the financial success of an organization is ultimately dependent on A. revenues B. sales C. profits D. expenses

C

In college sport, a conference ___________ a. is a group of colleges or universities that governs the conduct of its member institutions' athletic programs. b. focuses on the maintenance, promotion, and enhancement of intercollegiate athletic competition with a Christian perspective. c. establishes rules and regulations that support and sustain a level playing field for member institutions. d. A and C

C

In spectator sports, stadium construction projects are often financed with ______. A. equity B. interest C. bonds D. expenses

C

In this course, sport is defined as a) competitive physical activity, using specialized equipment and facilities with no unique dimensions of time and space, in which the quest for records is of high significance b) play like and competitive; is based on physical prowess; and has an uncertain outcome c) an organized, competitive, and skillful physical activity d) play like and competitive; involves elements of skill, strategy, and change

C

Modern arenas and stadiums have directly helped owners to maximize revenues through all of the following except A. preferred seating. B. parking. C. modernized locker rooms. D. additional venue sponsorship opportunities

C

One of the first agents to represent individual athletes and a pioneer of the sport marketing industry is A. Edwin Land. B. David Falk. C. Mark H. McCormack. D. Walt Disney

C

One reason that ____________ is a unique aspect of sport management is that sport invariably attracts consumers who spend more money outside the sporting arena than they spend on the sport itself. a) Social institution b) Sport economics c) Sport finance d) Sport marketing

C

Roone Arledge's influence upon sports broadcasting included all of the following except A. innovations such as instant replay, sideline reporters, multiple cameras, and crowd microphones. B. efforts to "take the fan to the game, not take the game to the fan." C. credited for the concept of product extension. D. played a role as one of the four factors that advanced the filed of sport marketing

C

Sport financing is a unique aspect of sport management because a) most of the revenue comes from gate receipts, particularly in intercollegiate athletics b) extraneous revenue sources are unimportant c) a significant portion of sport enterprise revenue comes from revenue centers such as sponsorship, naming rights, merchandise, TV rights, etc. d) there is no financial accountability for sport managers

C

The ______ movement is significant in that it transformed the focus of management thinking onto the behavior of people and the human components in the workplace rather than on the scientific approach to performing a task. a) organizational b) human resources c) human relations d) motivational

C

The controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy a target group are referred to as the A. promotional mix. B. target market. C. marketing mix. D. product orientation.

C

The three models for a sport agency business does not include A. a freestanding sport management firm. B. a law practice only. C. a players association. D. a sport management firm affiliated with a law firm.

C

The underrepresentation of women, minorities, and people with disabilities in the sport industry is an important issue for sport managers who value ______ in the workplace. a) equality b) uniformity c) diversity d) fairness

C

Which of the following is wrong statement regarding the ambush marketing literature? a) While academic research on ambush marketing has grown rapidly over the past two decades and half, numerous ambiguities still surrounds the term "ambush marketing" b) There still remains an absence of a commonly agreed upon definition of what constitutes ambush marketing c) There is a precise conceptualization of the term in the literature d) After the first definition of ambush marketing suggested, arguably, by Sandler and Shani (1989), a number of closely related but slightly different definitions have been presented in the literature

C

YouTube, Instagram, Tumblr, Flickr, and Pinterest are classified under which social media category? a) Social networks b) Blogs c) Content communities d) Content aggregators

C

_______________ refers to the percentage of net profit not paid out as dividends, but retained by an owner or owners of a company to be reinvested in the core business? A. Debt financing B. Assets financing C. Retained earnings reinvestment D. Equity financing

C

___________________ financing is the primary source of operating and investing income for major collegiate sports programs. A. Debt B. Bonds C. Gift D. Personal

C

Edit the following for the citation of a reference in text: Connell & Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do. a) Leave as is b) J. P. Connell and J. G. Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do. c) Connell, and Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do. d) Connell and Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do.

D

Edit the following for the application of APA reference style (ignore the indentation requirement): Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap a) Leave as is b) Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), p.38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap c) Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. [HTML file] d) Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.

D

Functional areas of management that have been used to explain and prepare managers for the various activities they get involved in include a) planning, leading, organizing, and empowering. b) leading, organizing, empowering, and evaluating. c) planning, leading, evaluating, and operating. d) planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating.

D

In the 1980s and early 1990s sponsorship is viewed primarily as __________________ a. an alternative to advertising b. Philanthropy c. a way of obtaining media exposure d. A and C d. A and C

D

Major responsibilities for a school athletic director managing an athletic program can include ___________. a. risk management b. gender equity and sexual harassment issues c. fund-raising d. All of these are correct

D

Now, NCAA legislation states that scholarships are 4 year contracts, unless________? a) the student-athlete gets hurt b) the student athlete is not as talented as the coach thought c) they violate personal conduct policies or are academically illegible d) all

D

Reasons for the tremendous growth in sport sponsorship over the past three decades include a. the commercial success of the NFL b. the increased media interest in sport. c. sponsorship being viewed as a way for companies to break through the clutter of traditional advertising. d. b and c

D

Sponsorship provides a company with all of the following except a. opportunities to leverage its affiliation in order to achieve marketing objectives. b. opportunities to generate incremental sales by entertaining key customers. c. opportunities to generate positive awareness for the company and its products or services. d. opportunities to receive revenue back from the team or league based on success on the field/court.

D

The compliance departments role in an athletic department is ___________________ a) Writing the NCAA rules b) Hiring coaches c) Enforcing NCAA rules d) Overseeing that member institutions comply to NCAA rules

D

The main nonsport events for stadiums are A. political conventions. B. arts and crafts shows. C. the circus. D. concerts given by performers

D

What are the conditions/factors that stimulate companies to involve in ambushing marketing practice? a) When a company finds sponsorship fees too expensive b) When a company is excluded from sponsoring because of the organizer's restrictions on some sponsors c) When a company is excluded from sponsoring because of the organizers' preexisting exclusive deal with a competing sponsoring company. d) All of the above conditions can stimulate companies to involve in ambush marketing practice

D

What skills might be needed for an athletic director or an associate athletic director at the collegiate level? a) Public relations and negotiating skills b) Knowledge of coaching c) Knowledge of financial and legal complexities that may affect the department d) All of the above

D

Which of the following Web 2.0 platform has the wrong category description? a) Blogs - blogs are online journals or personal sites managed by individual/organization. b) Social networks - social networks are any consumer initiated communication with other consumers; e.g., Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Google+, etc. c) Content communities - content communities are websites used to organize and share particular types of content; e.g., YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr d) Forums & bulletin boards - forums and bulletin boards are applications used to manage, summarize, and deliver content that users are interested in accessing; e.g., Calgary Flames Rich Site Summary

D

Which of the following are typical of the contractual commitments made by sport sponsors? a. a rights fee in the form of a cash payment b. a multi-year commitment c. a promise to provide services at a discount to league employees and players d. all of these are correct.

D

Which of the following does not describe the functions performed by a sport agent? A. Negotiating and administering the athlete's or coaches contract B. Marketing C. Financial planning D. Negotiating the collective bargaining contract for the player or coach

D

Which of the following is correct about NCAA membership? a. It has 1,117 colleges and universities membership b. It has 100 athletics conferences membership c. It has 40 affiliated organizations membership d. All of the above

D

Which of the following is not a common counter-ambushing strategy? a) legislation b) communication c) surveillance d) All of the above are strategies adopted as counter-ambushing strategies

D

Which of the following is not a factor (from the three factors) that contributed, in the last few years, to the expansion of social media. a) Technological drivers - wider access to Internet bandwidth and enhanced data storage capacity; b) Economic drivers - users' easy access to tools for the creation of user generated content; c) Social drivers - society's growing familiarity and the rise of a young generation with significant technical acquaintance and enthusiasm to engage online; d) Financial drivers - today's society is financially more capable of buying new technology devices

D

Which type of sponsorship platform would be more appropriate for larger, international companies with large financial resources? a. Team sponsorship b. Broadcast sponsors c. Sport-specific sponsorship d. Governing body sponsorship

D

Who is credited for anticipating the need for professionally prepared sport administrators, and wrote a letter asking for schools to train students for sport industry jobs? a) James Mason b) Brenda Pitts c) Ming Li d) Walter O'Malley

D

Why do corporations engage in the practice of ambush marketing? a) To reap the benefit of the goodwill and popularity stemming from sponsored events' wider media coverage and extensive audience b) To weaken the public's perceptions of a competitor's official association with an event, c) To diminish the communication effectiveness of official sponsors and make sponsors derive less benefit from that association than might have been anticipated d) All of the above can be reasons as to why corporations engage in ambushing practice

D

With regard to international sport management, sport managers from North America must be aware that a) they cannot unilaterally impose domestic models of sport governance on other cultures. b) differences exist in terms of language, culture, etiquette, management, and communication styles. c) they need to learn, understand, and respect cultural and systematic differences that exist. d) All of these are correct.

D

______ are indoor facilities with the primary purpose of hosting sporting and entertainment events. A. Stadiums B. Theaters C. Convention centers D. Arenas

D

______ involves measuring and ensuring progress toward organizational objectives. a) Leading b) Organizing c) Communicating d) Evaluating

D

_________________refers to the financing of the operation of sport organization through the sale of an ownership interest. A. Debt financing B. Assets financing C. Retained earnings reinvestment D. Equity financing

D

One of the following is not a reason for the growth of the sports agent business. A. the development of competing leagues; B. the evolution of players' associations; C. players' need for financial advice; D. rising product endorsement opportunities. E. None

E

The four types of contents in social media are a) Video b) Audio c) Pictures d) Text e) All of the above

E

When typing a reference list, a) Begin it after the last word of the discussion section on the same page. b) Single-space each reference but double-space in between references. c) Double-space all reference entries. d) Indent all lines of each reference except the first line at least 0.5 inches. e) C and D are correct.

E

Which of the following is a correct statement in the discussion of the structure of a sport business and its impacts A. The structure of a sport business/organization affects the tax and legal obligations of that business/organization. B. Structures of sport entities include: governmental, non-profit, sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability corporations (LLC), etc. C. Each sport business/organization structure has unique disadvantages & advantages that affects financial management of an organization. D. Collegiate athletics departments are classified as governmental or non-profit depending on whether they are in a state or private university. E. All of the above are correct statements

E

Which of the following is a task commonly performed by a sports agent. A. Negotiating and administering the athlete or coach's contract; B. Negotiating the athlete's or coach's marketing and endorsement contracts; C. Legal counseling; D. Personal care E. All of the above

E

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of the web 2.0 platforms? a) Visible - users' activities can be seen by others b) Real-time and memory - users access activities at the time they are being produced and also long afterwards c) Ubiquitous - users reach other users almost anywhere at any time d) Digital - no "gate keeper" such as a publisher to edit one's work and almost no additional cost to include added digital products e) All of the above

E

Which of the following is false about the private investment syndicate ownership model in sport? A. In a private investment syndicate model a group of individuals pool resources to purchase franchise. B. The private investment syndicate model is the most common model adopted in North America sport system. C. The private investment syndicate model is usually formed in the form of partnership or LLC D. Syndicate document refers to the rights of owners, representation in league meeting, etc. E. All of the above are correct about private investment syndicate model

E

Which of the following is not a benefit typically provided to a corporate sponsor. a. Exclusivity: The only company allowed as a sponsor in a particular product/service category b. "Official" designation: Leagues and teams offer multiple designations tied to the sport and to the sponsor's product or service category c. Rights: To utilize the sport organization's intellectual property (i.e., logos) in advertising and promotion campaigns d. In-stadium signage and promotional announcements: Using in-stadium signage opportunities and public address announcements e. None

E

Which of the following is not a common strategy used by companies that involve in ambush marketing practice? a) Sponsoring an event broadcaster and booking advertising slots associated media of the event b) Sponsoring entities other than the organizing body (e.g., athletes, national teams, national sport federations, etc.); c) Making spatial connection with the event, including purchasing advertising spaces in close proximity to the event; d) Use of the event as a central theme and creating connection through key visual and word elements that make event-related references. e) All of the above are common strategies

E

Which of the following is not a method of fees charged by agents? A. Flat fee, B. Percentage of compensation, C. Hourly rate, D. Combination of an hourly rate with a percentage of compensation cap. E. None

E

Which of the following is not part of the marketing mix A. Product B. Price C. Distribution D. Promotion E. All of the above are elements of the marketing mix

E

Which of the following sponsorship category takes the lion share of the global sponsorship spending? a. cause-related marketing b. festival, fairs & annual events c. associations and membership organizations d. tours & attractions e. none

E