krs 10-19 (prt 3)
What types of drugs do people with low CD4 T cell usually take in addition to antiviral drugs? (pg 500)
antibiotics
Newborn babies may be treated with ______ to prevent eye infection due to gonococcal conjunctivitis. (pg 505)
antimicrobial eye drops
Drugs used to treat HIV are referred to as _____ drugs.
antiviral
A lung condition caused by inhalation of microscopic asbestos fibers that inflame the lungs and can lead to lung cancer is called ______. (pg 538)
asbestosis
What are ways to avoid radiation? (pg 541)
-Follow the government's recommendations for radon testing. -Use sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun's UV radiation. -Get X-rays only when needed.
Which of the following statements regarding HPV are correct? (pg 485)
-Girls as young as 11 may get the HPV vaccine if they are suitable candidates. -Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV. -Women as old as 26 may get the HPV vaccine if they are suitable candidates.
Which of the following are causes of encephalitis?
-HIV -HSV type 1
Which statements about how many people the world can hold are correct? (pg 521)
-Increasing human population can lead to habitat destruction and species extinction. -For all people to receive proper nutrition, the world's diet may have to change. -A growing human population will demand increased use of renewable sources of energy
What statements are true are true regarding poliomyelitis? (pg 485)
-It can cause irreversible paralysis and death. -There is an effective vaccine that prevents poliomyelitis infection.
Which statements regarding the Epstein-Barr virus are accurate? (pg 484)
-It is the cause of mononucleosis. -It is associated with cancers of the lymphatic system in some people. -It is spread through direct contact with an infected person's saliva.
Which of the following statements about DDT are correct? (pg 536)
-It was leading to biomagnification. -It was banned in the United States in 1972.
Which of the following statements regarding recycling are correct? (pg 534)
-Many communities have recycling centers where people can bring their waste. -Some cities offer curbside pickup of recyclables. -Recycling puts unwanted objects back to good use.
Which of the following statements regarding HBV are accurate? (pg 510)
-Most adults with acute HBV recover completely. -A small percentage of adults become chronic carriers of HBV.
Which of the following statements regarding HPV are accurate? (pg 508)
-Most people with HPV infection have no symptoms. -People infected with HPV can transmit it to their sex partners.
What statements accurately describe the flu? (pg 482 "influenza)
-New strains arise every year. -It is highly infectious.
Which of the following statements about herpes outbreaks are accurate? (pg 509)
-Newly infected people will typically experience five to eight outbreaks a year. -The frequency of outbreaks usually decrease over time.
Which statements about ulcers are correct? (pg 480)
-Ninety percent of ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori. -H. pylori ulcers are often treated with antibiotics.
What are the main routes by which HIV is transmitted? (pg 495)
-direct exposure to infected blood -from mother to fetus -certain types of sexual contact
What are examples of how an individual can protect the water supply? (pg 533)
-do not flush old medicines down the toilet -take bleach or motor oil to hazardous waste collection centers -purchase a water-saver toilet
What are sources of particulate matter? (pg 526)
-dust from roadways -combustion of fossil fuels -crushing operations
Possible outcomes associated with chlamydia in women include ______. (pg 505)
-ectopic (tubal) pregnancy -infertility -pelvic inflammatory disease
What are the best ways to prevent MRSA infection? (pg 477)
-engaging in frequent hand washing -practicing good hygiene
HSV outbreaks can be triggered by ______. (pg 509)
-fatigue -sun exposure -menstruation -stress
Some processes that alter water to make it fit for human use include ______. (pg 531/532)
-filtration -disinfection
What are common sources of carbon monoxide and other combustion by-products? (pg 530)
-fireplaces -kerosene heaters -wood stoves
What are examples of how an individual can protect the water supply? (pg 533)
-fix leaky faucets -install sink faucet aerators -only run dishwashers for full loads
The first episode of genital herpes can cause ______. (pg 509)
-flulike symptoms -genital lesions
If you are being treated for an STI, it is important to ______. (pg 513/514)
-follow instructions carefully -complete all the medication as prescribed
Which primary factors may eventually put a cap on human population growth? (pg 521)
-food -available land and water -minimum acceptable standards of living
Which of the following are measures to control and prevent communicable diseases? (pg 519 "Environmental Health Defined")
-food inspection -sewage treatment -chlorination of drinking water
What STIs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if they are not properly treated? (pg 506)
-gonorrhea -chlamydia
Symptoms of trichomoniasis include ______. (pg 511)
-greenish, foul-smelling vaginal discharge -severe itching
How are colds most commonly spread? (pg 482 "Critical Consumer")
-hand-to-hand contact -touching an object with the virus on it
What are possible health consequences of carbon monoxide exposure? (pg 525)
-headaches -fatigue -impaired judgment
Which conditions are conducive to the creation of smog? (pg 526)
-heavy traffic -high temperatures -sunny weather
Many cities help encourage their residents to dispose of hazardous waste by ______. (pg 537/538)
-holding hazardous waste collection days -posting guidelines about proper disposal methods
Air pollution can ______. (pg 525)
-include natural pollutants such as pollen dust -include man-made pollutants
What are possible health consequences related to mercury exposure? (pg 536/537)
-increased heart rate -damage to kidneys -decreased fetal development
What are possible consequences of global warming? (pg 527,528,529)
-increased mortality from heat stress -elimination of habitat for species that live in the Arctic -rapid and drastic melting of the earth's polar ice caps
What are symptoms of chlamydia in women? (pg 504/505)
-increased vaginal discharge -pain or bleeding during intercourse -burning with urination
What are symptoms of gonorrhea in women? (pg 506)
-increased vaginal discharge -severe menstrual cramps -pain with urination
How is hepatitis C (HVC) typically transmitted? (pg 510)
-injecting drugs -engaging in high-risk sex
Which of the following are chemical pollutants that require precautions in handling or disposal? (pg 537/538)
-insecticides -mineral spirits -antifreeze
What are most likely to contain asbestos? (pg 536)
-insulation around furnaces -roofing and siding -vinyl flooring
Helpful bacteria do which of the following? (pg 475)
-keep harmful bacteria in check -produce vitamins -assist in nutrient digestion
The presence of ______ from other STIs makes it easier for HIV to be passed from person to person. (pg 496)
-lesions -blisters -inflammation
Students can protect themselves against STIs by (pg 507 "wellness on campus")
-limiting their number of sex partners. -using condoms consistently. -getting to know their partners.
What are possible health consequences of acute lead exposure? (pg 536)
-mental impairment -decreased oxygen transport in the blood
Examples of heavy metals include which of the following? (pg 533)
-mercury -lead
What are common indoor air pollutants? (pg 529/530)
-mold -carbon monoxide
What are major sources of nitrogen dioxide? (526)
-motor vehicles -power plants
What are common types of autoimmune diseases? (pg 489)
-multiple sclerosis -rheumatoid arthritis -type 1 diabetes
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas emitted from ______. (pg 541)
-natural building materials -rocks
Symptoms of HBV include ______. (pg 510)
-nausea -skin rash -jaundice -dark-colored urine
Which groups are particularly at risk of contracting the flu and are strongly encouraged to get the flu vaccine? (pg 483/482)
-nursing home residents -caregiver of children up to 5 years old -health care workers
What are symptoms of chlamydia in men? (pg 505)
-painful urination -watery discharge from the penis -testicular pain
What are common sources of volatile organic compounds? (pg 530)
-paints -building materials -cleaning supplies -office equipment
What are among the five major air pollutants? (pg 525-526)
-particulate matter -sulfur dioxide -ground-level ozone
The CDC recommends annual or more frequent HIV testing for which of the following groups? (pg 500)
-people who inject drugs -people who have been diagnosed with an STI -men who have sex with men -people who have hepatitis
Which groups are likeliest to contract tuberculosis (TB)? (pg 479)
-people who live in the center of urban areas -people with HIV
Which of the following are examples of communicable illnesses? (pg 519 "Environmental Health Defined")
-plague -diphtheria -typhoid fever
Infants of infected mothers who are exposed to chlamydia at birth may experience which of the following? (pg 505)
-pneumonia -eye infections
Trichomoniasis may increase the risk of ______. (pg 511)
-premature delivery in pregnant women -HIV transmission
Water shortages have been caused by the ______. (pg 532)
-pumping of groundwater -rapid growth of populations
Of those people who become chronic carriers of HBV, some will ______. (pg 510)
-remain asymptomatic -develop chronic liver disease
Hepatitis B (HBV) can be found in ______. (begining of pg 5100
-semen -urine -saliva -blood
Primary risk factors for acquiring HBV include ______. (pg 510)
-sexual exposure -having multiple partners -injection drug use
What are names of infections that can be transmitted mainly by sexual contact? (pg 493)
-sexually transmitted diseases -sexually transmitted infections
Sulfur dioxide is produced by the ______. (end of pg 525)
-smelting of metal -burning of coal
What are symptoms of meningitis? (pg 475)
-stiff neck -severe headache
What are ways to help reduce solid waste?
-stop using foil and plastic wrap -start a compost pile for organic garbage
College students have high rates of STIs because (pg 507 "wellness on campus")
-students underestimate the risks of STIs. -many students are infected but do not know it. -risky sexual behavior is common.
Which of the following are measures to control and prevent communicable diseases? (pg 519 "Environmental Health Defined")
-systematic garbage collection -filtration of drinking water -establishment of public health enforcement
What are strategies to prevent antibiotic resistance? (pg 481)
-taking the full course of antibiotics, even if you feel better -being aware that antibiotics are ineffective at treating viruses
What are benefits of early diagnosis of HIV infection? (pg 499)
-the ability to protect sexual partners from the disease -earlier drug treatment in some cases -the ability to make positive lifestyle changes
HBV is transmitted from person to person through ______. (pg 510)
-the exchange of body fluids -blood-to-blood contact -contaminated toothbrushes -contaminated needles
Which groups are disproportionately affected by HIV? (pg 494 "Diversity Matters")
-the poor -ethnic minorities
Which of the following statements regarding toxic shock syndrome are accurate? (pg 477)
-the toxin that produces toxic shock syndrome causes tissue damage -toxic shock syndrome can ultimately cause organ failure -toxic shock syndrome involves the staphylococcus bacterium
Sexual assault is a major factor in the transmission of HIV because ______. (pg 496)
-tissue trauma is greater than in unforced sexual activity -protection is almost never used
Gonorrhea CANNOT be contracted from which of the following? (pg 505)
-toilet seats -clothing -towels
HIV cannot live in or on ______. (pg 495)
-toilet seats -eating utensils
Risks associated with chlamydia in men include ______. (pg 505)
-urethritis -epididymitis -infertility
Untreated gonorrhea can cause ______. (pg 505)
-urethritis -eye infections -pelvic inflammatory disease
The symptoms of gonorrhea in men include ______. (pg 506)
-urinary discomfort -yellowish white or yellowish green discharge from the penis
What are things to look for to ensure a sanitary body piercing or tattoo studio? (pg 485 "Tattoos and Body Piercing")
-use of disposable needles -use of an autoclave for sterilizing instruments
What are characteristics of a sanitary landfill site? (pg 534)
-use of plastic liners -inclusion of solid waste
Possible symptoms of PID include ______. (pg 506)
-vomiting -abdominal pain -fever -nausea
What are possible solutions to water shortages? (pg 532)
-water recycling -sale of water to dry regions -conservation
What are potential health consequences of sulfur dioxide exposure? (end of pg 525)
-wheezing -shortness of breath -aggravation of cardiovascular disease
When is the AIDS diagnosis given to a HIV-positive person? (pg 501)
-when they have an infection that is an AIDS indicator -when CD4 T cell counts show that their immune system is very damaged
Nearly ___% of the world's population has been infected with HIV/AIDS since the epidemic began. (pg 494)
1 ; 1% ; 1 percent
Match each type of bacteria with its corresponding shape. (pg 475)
1. bacilli 1. rod shaped 2.cocci 2. spherical 3. spirochete 3. spiral shaped 4.vibrios 4. comma shaped
Rank, in order from first to last, the stages in the life cycle of a virus, with the first step at the top. (pg 482)
1. virus penetrates cell 2. protein coat IS removed 3. proteins are made 4. new protein coat is assembled 5. virus exits cell
Match each type of infection with its definition. (end of pg 474)
1.bronchitis 1. infection of the airways 2.meningitis 2.infection of the tissues around brain 3.conjunctivitis 3. infection of the layer of cells surrounding the eyes
The period between infection with chlamydia and symptomatic disease may last up to ______ weeks. (pg 504)
12
Experts believe the global HIV epidemic peaked in the late ______. (pg 494)
1990s
The common cold may be caused by any one of more than ______ different viruses. (pg 482)
200
Worldwide, which year was the warmest on record? (pg 527)
2016
How long is the normal incubation period for HBV? (pg 510)
30 to 180 days
Each year, malaria kills approximately how many people worldwide? (pg 487)
400,000 (real number is 445,000)
The world's population is currently about (pg 520)
7.6 billion.
Since the HIV/AIDS epidemic began, the estimated total number of people who have been infected is ______. (pg 494)
78 million
What percentage of people who are infected with HPV have no symptoms? (pg 509)
90%
What percentage of people with HIV infection live in developing countries? (pg 503)
95%
The most severe form of HIV infection is called ... (pg 500)
AIDS
AIDs is a primary cause of death in which world region? (pg 494)
Africa
A measure of local air quality and what it means for health is called the ______. (pg 525)
Air Quality Index
Which of the following statements regarding E. coli is false? (pg 488/489)
All strains of E. coli cause disease.
Since the mid-1980s, a hole in the ozone layer of the atmosphere has appeared seasonally over ______. (pg 529)
Antarctica
Which of the following statements about needle sterilization methods and HIV is accurate? (pg 503)
HIV can survive in a syringe for a month or longer.
Which of the following statements regarding HIV and AIDs is accurate? (pg 494)
HIV causes AIDS.
Men and women aged 9 to 26 should be vaccinated against ______. (pg 513)
HPV
The most common STD in the United States is ______. (pg 506)
HPV
What is the pathogen that causes human warts, including genital warts? (pg 506)
HPV
Which factor contributes to high population growth? (pg 522)
High birth rates
HIV ____ is a disease that progressively destroys the body's ability to resist various infections and disorders. (pg 494)
Infection
Which statement about herpes simplex virus is FALSE? (pg 483/484)
It cannot be passed to someone if sores are not present.
From 2015 to 2016, how did the prevalence of gonorrhea among Americans change? (pg 505)
It increased significantly.
What is a previously rare form of cancer that is common in HIV-infected men? (pg 499/500)
Kaposi's sarcoma
Which of the following statements about specific bacterial infections is accurate? (pg 480)
Most urinary tract infections are caused by E. coli.
What is true of oral-genital contact and HIV transmission? (end of pg 496)
Oral-genital contact has a generally low risk of HIV transmission when compared to vaginal intercourse.
T/F: Compostable items are broken down through both biotic and abiotic processes. (pg 534)
True, Both biotic and abiotic processes break down compostable products.
It is possible to protect yourself against HIV infection. (pg 503)
True: You can protect yourself by avoiding behaviors that may bring you into contact with HIV.
Which statement about viruses is accurate? (pg 481)
Viruses can only replicate inside the cells of another organism.
The H5N1 virus is also referred to as .. (pg 474)
avian influenza.
Worm infections generally originate from which of the following? (pg 487)
contaminated food or drink
Most people who are infected with chlamydia experience ______. (end of pg 504)
few or no symptoms
What should a person do as a next step if they have been diagnosed as HIV-positive? (pg 501)
find out the severity of the disease
Match each stage of the virus life cycle with its corresponding event.
first - The virus attaches to specific site on a cell's surface. second - The protein coat is removed, and viral genes are turned on. third - Genes replicate and translate to produce new enzymes. fourth - Genes are inserted into a new protein coat. fifth - The virus buds or bursts out of the cell.
Match each symptom of Lyme disease (on the right) with the stage (on the left) in which the symptom typically appears. (pg 480)
first stage- bullseye rash second stage - partial facial paralysis third stage - recurring arthritis
What process affects the water supply in an effort to reduce tooth decay? (pg 531/532)
fluoridation
Buried deposits of decayed animals and plants that are converted into carbon-rich fuels by exposure to heat and pressure over millions of years are called ______. (pg 525)
fossil fuels
The infection most often seen in the United States associated with an HIV infection is Pneumocystis pneumonia, which is a(n) ___ infection. (pg 500)
fungal
____ can cause yeast infection, athlete's foot, and ringworm. (end of pg 485)
fungi
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) come from certain solids and liquids and are emitted in the form of ______. (pg 530)
gases
What is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus called? (pg 508)
genital herpes
Researchers are studying if ______ can prevent the transmission of HIV and other STIs. (pg 501)
microbicides
A microbicide acts as an agent that kills HIV and other (pg 501)
microorganisms.
Which disease causes swelling of the salivary glands? (pg 483)
mumps
The pollutant nitrogen dioxide is a highly reactive gas that is formed when nitric oxide combines with ______. (pg 526)
oxygen
A layer of O3 molecules in the upper atmosphere that screens out UV rays from the sun is called ______. (pg 529)
ozone
The fragile, invisible layer of the atmosphere approximately 10-30 miles above the earth's surface that shields the planet from the sun's UV rays is known as the ______. (pg 529)
ozone layer
A disease epidemic that is unusually severe and widespread is called a (pg 474)
pandemic.
By weight, the largest source of American household waste in 2013 consisted of .. (pg 533)
paper products.
What is a pathogen that causes intestinal and other infections and includes pinworms? (pg 487)
parasitic worm
Particles of different sizes released into the atmosphere from various sources are collectively called ______. (pg 526)
particulate matter
What is the ascending infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to the uterus, oviducts, and pelvic cavity? (pg 506)
pelvic inflammatory disease
Which chemicals are used to maximize food production by killing insects that eat crops and to prevent the spread of insect-borne diseases? (pg 536)
pesticides
Inflammation of the lungs, which is typically caused by infection or exposure to irritants or toxins, is called ______. (pg 475)
pneumonia
What is an often crippling disease of the nervous system that can now be prevented through vaccination? (pg 485)
poliomyelitis
Which is an industrial chemical used as an insulator in electrical transformers and linked to certain human cancers? (pg 533)
polychlorinated biphenyl
Which person should take the most precautions if living in an area with Zika-infected mosquitoes? (pg 488)
pregnant women
A chronic bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs is called ______. (pg 479)
tuberculosis
Urethritis, which is commonly caused by chlamydia, is the inflammation of the ______. (pg 505)
urethra
Which of the following is not among the ways to reduce solid waste?(pg 535)
use microplastics
Why has the number of deaths from AIDS decreased in the United States since 1996? (pg 500)
use of combinations of new drugs
Why has the number of deaths from AIDS decreased in the United States since 1996? (pg 501)
use of combinations of new drugs
Which virus can later cause shingles? (pg 483)
varicella-zoster virus
Mother-to-child HIV transmission is also called ____ , or perinatal, transmission. (pg 489/499)
vertical
The risk of mother-to-child HSV transmission during pregnancy and delivery in a woman with a long-standing herpes infection is ______. (pg 509)
very low
"Walking pneumonia" can be caused by a mycoplasma, a type of ______. (pg 475)
very small bacterium
Keeping track of changes in _____ load can help doctors determine how to treat a person infected with HIV. (pg 500)
viral
Symptoms of HIV infection are similar to those of many common ___ illnesses. (pg 499)
viral
A very small infectious agent composed of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and that can only reproduce within a host cell is called a _____. (pg 481)
virus
The sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by growths on the genitals is known as genital _____, or HPV infection. (pg 506)
warts
Where do most hantavirus infections in the United States occur? (pg 489)
west of the Mississippi River
What statements about antibiotic treatments are correct? (pg 481)
-Failing to take the full course of an antibiotic can promote bacterial resistance. -Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can flourish when exposed to an antibiotic. -The more often bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, the more likely resistance will develop.
Which statements regarding alternative fuels are correct? (pg 524)
-A potential drawback of ethanol is the diversion of corn crops from the food supply. -Some critics say ethanol may cost more to produce than it yields when burned as fuel.
Which of the following statements regarding nuclear energy are correct? (pg 540)
-Accidents in nuclear power plants can lead to environmental damage. -Deposit sites have to be secure for tens of thousands of years. -Many accidents in nuclear power plants are due to human error.
Which of the following statements regarding West Nile Virus are accurate? (pg 488)
-An infected person typically has few symptoms. -A small percentage of people with virus develop long-term problems.
What are recommended home treatments for the common cold? (pg 482 "Critical Consumer")
-Avoid alcoholic beverages. -Get extra rest. -Use a humidifier.
Which statements regarding CFCs and the ozone layer are correct? (pg 529)
-CFCs react with airborne ice crystals, releasing chlorine atoms. -During winter, circular winds form a vortex that keeps the air over Antarctica from mixing with air elsewhere. -When CFCs rise into the atmosphere, winds carry them toward polar regions.
Which statements regarding the influence of carbon dioxide on global warming are correct? (pg 527)
-Deforestation sends carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. -The United States is responsible for one-third of the world's total emissions of carbon dioxide. -The use of fossil fuels pumps more than 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year.
What are guidelines to help combat pathogens? (pg 489/490)
-Drink alcohol only in moderation. -Eat a balanced diet.
The nucleic acid test directly measures the presence of ______ in the blood. (pg 500)
HIV RNA
What statements regarding tattoos and body piercing are correct? (pg 485 "Tattoos and Body Piercing")
-Noncorrosive materials, such as titanium or stainless steel jewelry, should be used to prevent allergic reactions to body piercings. -In some states a person cannot donate blood for 12 months after the application of a tattoo. -Granulomas and keloids can result from body piercings and tattoos.
What statements about bacterial diseases are correct? (pg 480)
-Pertussis is also referred to as "whooping cough." -Clostridium difficile is joining MRSA as a type of bacteria persistent in health care facilities. -More than 200,000 people die from tetanus each year.
Which of the following statements about syphilis are accurate? (pg 511)
-Pregnant women can transmit it to their fetuses. -It is usually acquired through sexual contact.
Which of the following statements about rabies are correct? (pg 485)
-Rabies causes a potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system. -Treatment, called PEP, is recommended for anyone who may have had contact with a potentially rabid animal.
What statements about emerging infectious diseases are correct? (pg 489)
-Some bacterial infections appear to be resistant to all antibiotics. -Population growth, urbanization, and overcrowding spread infectious diseases.
Which statements about HPV are true? (pg 507)
-Some strains of HPV can lead to cancer. -There are more than 100 strains of HPV. -Most HPV infections clear in 1 to 2 years.
Which of the following statements regarding hantavirus are accurate? (pg 489)
-The virus is spread via rodent urine and droppings. -An infection of hantavirus can cause a disease known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. -Since 1993, over 600 cases have been identified in the United States.
Which statements regarding hybrid vehicles are correct? (pg 525)
-They use two or more distinct power sources. -They are being used more commonly in government fleets. -They cost several thousand dollars more than conventional vehicles.
What are ways to prevent chemical contamination? (pg 538-39)
-Use separate measuring utensils to measure food and chemicals. -Dispose of household chemicals properly.
Which statements are true regarding genital herpes transmission? (pg 509)
-Using a condom can help prevent the transmission of herpes. -Herpes can still be transmitted when a condom is used.
Which of the following statements about the symptoms of HPV are accurate? (pg 508)
-Warts may appear anywhere on, in, or around the genital area. -Warts may be small bumps or large, warty growths. -Many people with HPV have no symptoms.
What are ways to prevent contact with chemical pollutants? (pg 538/39)
-Wear gloves whenever handling chemicals. -Keep out of a fumigated home for a few days. -Store any toxic household products where children or animals cannot get to them.
HPV-infected tissue may appear as (pg 508)
-a large, warty growth. -a cauliflower-like mass. -normal tissue. -a small bump on the skin.
What are examples of CFCs? (pg 529)
-aerosol sprays -solvents -coolants in refrigerators
What are symptoms of Lyme disease? (pg 480)
-arthritis -erratic heart rhythms -bullseye red rash
Which groups are particularly at risk of MRSA infections? (pg 477)
-athletes -hospitalized patients
Which are biological pollutants? (pg 530)
-bacteria -animal dander -dust mites
Which of the following are sources of renewable energy? (pg 523/524)
-biofuels -solar power -biomass
Individuals undergoing which procedures should be aware of the risk of contracting HIV? (pg 497)
-body piercing -ritual scarring -tattooing
Risks associated with HSV in newborns include ______. (pg 509)
-brain damage -death
Which are characteristics of scarlet fever?(pg 476/477)
-bright red tongue -fever
How do people contract Giardia? (pg 487)
-by drinking contaminated water -by consuming contaminated food
How is Zika spread? (pg 488)
-by mosquitoes -from mother to fetus -through sex with an infected partner
What are ways to prevent air pollution? (pg 530)
-carpooling -keeping cars tuned up and well-maintained -buying energy-efficient appliances
Mother-to-child HIV transmission can occur during which of the following? (pg 498/499)
-childbirth -pregnancy -breastfeeding
STIs that pose major health threats include ______. (pg 493)
-chlamydia -herpes -gonorrhea
What are possible health consequences of exposure to lower doses of gamma rays? (pg 539/540)
-chromosome damage -sterility -cataracts
Exposure to carbon monoxide and other combustion by-products can cause ______. (pg 530)
-chronic bronchitis -headaches
Even if treated successfully, women who have experienced PID may have long-term health problems, including ______. (pg 506)
-chronic pelvic pain -ectopic pregnancy -infertility
When nuclear power was first developed, it was promoted as ______. (pg 540)
-clean -safe -efficient
What are over-the-counter treatments for the common cold? (pg 482 "Critical Consumer")
-decongestants -antihistamines -analgesics
Which methods of obtaining fossil fuels are considered "extreme energy sources" due to the difficulty in accessing them and their potential environmental impacts? (pg 523)
-deepwater oil rigs -hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") -tar sands oil extraction
Students who binge drink are more likely to (pg 507)
-delay seeking treatment for STIs. -have multiple sex partners. -use condoms inconsistently.
What is the first thing that happens after HIV infection? (pg 494/495)
Billions of infectious particles are produced.
Which of the following statements about U.S. garbage is accurate? (pg 533)
Burning reduces solid waste but can be hazardous.
What type of cell helps coordinate the activity of the immune system and is the primary target of HIV infection? (pg 494)
CD4 T cell
What is not one of the five major air pollutants? (pg 525-526)
CO2
Specialized tests, such as the nucleic acid test, are useful in the very early stages of infection because they measure the amount of ______ in the body. (pg 500)
HIV RNA
T/F: HIV is more contagious than Hepatitis B. (pg 510)
False ; Hepatitis B is much more contagious than HIV.
T/F: Mandatory reporting of HIV infection is controversial because there are no safeguards for confidentiality. (pg 500)
False ; Mandatory reporting of HIV infection is controversial but there are safeguards for confidentiality.
T/F: Any bacteria found in the body should be treated with an antibiotic. (pg 475)
False ; Our bodies harbor helpful as well as harmful bacteria. Helpful bacteria must remain in the body to maintain functions. Ridding the body of helpful bacteria has potentially serious health consequences.
Septic systems are most commonly used in urban areas. (end of pg 532)
False ; Septic systems are more common in rural areas.
T/F: Air pollution is solely the result of human activities. (pg 526)
False ; The air can be polluted naturally by forest fires, plant pollen, dust storms, and other natural phenomena.
Why does the spermicide nonoxynol-9 increase the risk of transmission of HIV and other STIs? (pg 496)
Frequent use may cause vaginal and rectal irritation and damage.
Which of the following is not a cause of bacterial pneumonia? (pg 475)
H5N1 influenza A
The leading cause of infertility in young women is ______. (pg 506)
PID
Which of the following statement regarding pneumonia is FALSE? (pg 476)
Pneumonia is caused by insects carrying the virus.
Which of the following statements regarding STI prevention is accurate?
STIs are preventable.
Which of the following statements about strep throat is FALSE? (pg 476/477)
Strep throat is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood.
Which of the following statements about measles is false? (pg 483)
The measles virus may lead to meningitis. (mumps may lead to meningitis)
What is an accurate statement about the primary infection phase? (pg 495)
There are large amounts of HIV in the bloodstream.
More than 40 types of HPV are likely to cause genital infection. (pg 507)
True
T/F: Some women with PID experience no symptoms. (pg 506)
True
True or false: A professional piercer or tattoo artist should wear latex gloves when performing the procedure. (pg 485 "Tattoos and Body Piercing")
True
T/F: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a cause of genital warts. (pg 485)
True ; Certain strains of HPV cause the growth of genital warts. Other strains of HPV do not cause wart growth. The latter strains are considered high-risk due to their link to cervical cancer in women and penile cancer in men.
T/F: A person can be infected with HIV, but not have AIDS. (pg 494)
True ; Many people with HIV do not have AIDS. Untreated HIV infection may advance to AIDS within 8 to 10 years of diagnosis.
Some ulcers and their related infection can be cured by taking antibiotics.(pg 480)
True ; Not all ulcers are due to bacterial infections, but those that are caused by H. pylori can be cured by antibiotics.
The host of a herpesvirus is never free of the virus. (pg 483)
True ; Once infected with a herpesvirus, the host is never free of the virus.
Recycling reduces the amount of solid waste in landfills. (pg 534/535)
True ; Recycling does reduce the amount of waste in landfills.
T/F : Sunscreen can prevent the absorption of UV radiation. (pg 541)
True ; Using sunscreen provides protection against UV radiation.
T/F: Warts located on the cervix tend to be found during Pap tests. (pg 508)
True ;HPV infection of the cervix is often detected on routine Pap tests.
Which statement about the varicella-zoster virus is FALSE? (pg 483)
Young infants and children are most affected.
A gas or vapor that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere is called ______. (pg 526)
a greenhouse gas
All other things being equal, who is the likeliest to be infected with HIV if they have unprotected sex with an HIV-positive partner? (pg 508)
a person with herpes lesions
What is a predicted consequence of global warming? (pg 527,528,529)
a poleward shift in vegetation zones
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of which of the following? (pg 512)
abnormal vaginal discharge
How many people in the United States have genital herpes? (pg 508)
about 1 in 6
In terms of sexual transmission, what is the only sure way to prevent HIV infection if you are not involved in a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner? (pg 503)
abstaining from sexual activity involving body fluid exchange
An HSV 2 infection usually occurs in ______. (pg 508)
adolescence and early adulthood
Which vehicles would take advantage of an infrastructure of quick-charging stations for batteries? (pg 525)
all-electric (EV)
Verana had an outbreak of genital herpes over a year ago. She should consider herself ______. (pg 509)
always contagious
Which sexual activity is associated with the highest risk of HIV infection? (pg 503)
anal sex without a condom
Match each over-the-counter treatment for the common cold with its corresponding characteristic. (pg 482 "Critical Consumer")
analgesics <--->Examples of these pain relievers are Tylenol, Motrin, and Aleve. decongestants<--->These may dry out mucous membranes in the throat, making a sore throat worse antihistamines<--->These are better at treating allergies than colds.
Synthetic or naturally occurring substances that are used as drugs to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria are called ______. (pg 481)
antibiotics
Streptococcus refers to a group of ______ that cause disease in humans. (pg 476/477)
bacteria
What is the most abundant living thing on earth? (pg 475)
bacteria
What type of pathogen causes chlamydia? (pg 504)
bacteria
A primary risk factor for acquiring HBV includes ______. (pg 510)
being an injection drug user
What is the most effective way to prevent the flu? (end pg 482)
being vaccinated annually
Materials that break down naturally and disappear back into the environment are called ______. (pg 534)
biodegradable
This type of indoor air pollutant commonly appears in bathrooms, damp or flooded basements, humidifiers, and air conditioners. (pg 530)
biological pollutants
Match the process with its definition.
biotic processes <-->involves living organisms abiotic processes<-->involves nonliving factors
In most countries, as contraceptive use has increased, the ... (pg 522)
birth rates have decreased.
HIV transmitted during a sexual assault is a concern because ______ are directly injected into another person's bloodstream. (pg 497)
blood
An HIV-infected mother can transmit the virus to an infant while ______. (pg 495)
breastfeeding the infant
Which of the following is a way antiviral drugs act in order to treat HIV/AIDS? (pg 500)
by blocking HIV replication
Newborns may be infected with HSV (pg 509)
by passage through the birth canal of an infected mother.
Which substance may account for 60% of the greenhouse effect? (pg 527)
carbon dioxide
An odorless, colorless gas formed when the carbon in fossil fuels does not completely burn is called ______. (pg 525)
carbon monoxide
If a pregnant woman has active herpes lesions during the time of delivery, precautions include ______. (pg 509)
cesarean section
A(n) _____ is a sore produced by syphilis in its earliest stage. (pg 511)
chancre
What are chemicals used as spray-can propellants that rise into the atmosphere, where they lead to the destruction of the ozone layer? (pg 529)
chlorofluorocarbons
If left untreated in adults, which stage of HIV infection lasts an average of 11 years? (pg 495)
chronic asymptomatic
Which phase of an HIV infection can last from 2 to 20 years after the initial infection? (pg 495)
chronic asymptomatic stage (or latency phase)
What is the largest source of mercury? (pg 536/537)
coal-fired power plants
What provides a high level of protection against HIV? (pg 503)
condoms
An infant who passes through the birth canal of a mother infected with gonorrhea may develop which issue? (end of pg 505)
conjunctivitis
A measure of the intensity of a sound wave is the ______. (pg 541)
decibel
An HIV-positive person experiencing moderately severe symptoms will show a(n) ______ in the number of CD4 T cells. (pg 494/495)
decline
Since 1950, the average number of children per woman has ______. (pg 520)
declined overall
All of the following are possible health consequence of long-term, low-level lead exposure except which? (pg 536)
diabetes
Infants of mothers infected with chlamydia can acquire the infection by coming into contact with the pathogen ______. (pg 505)
during delivery
The vast majority of AIDS cases have occurred in economically ______ countries. (pg 494 " Diversity Matters"
emerging
Inflammation of the brain tissue from an infection, possibly leading to brain damage and death, is called ______. (end of pg 484)
encephalitis
Which of the following is a primary factor that may eventually put a cap on human population growth? (pg 521)
energy
Which of the following has been called the "fifth fuel" because its impact on our energy future? (pg 524)
energy efficiency
Extreme energy sources involves which type of energy? (pg 523)
energy from fossil fuels
The collective interactions of humans with the environment and the short-term and long-term health consequences of those interactions is called ______ health. (pg 519 "Environmental Health Defined")
environmental
Which field emerged from the desire to control communicable diseases? (pg 519 "Environmental Health Defined")
environmental health
Most states and cities have passed legislation to prevent exposure to what indoor air pollutant? (end of pg 529)
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
What is a human carcinogen that increases risk of asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular disease? (end of pg 529)
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
Which of the following are common indoor air pollutants? (529-530)
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
The CDC recommends HIV testing as part of routine medical care for .. (pg 500 "Critical Consumer")
everyone aged 13 to 64.
Most of the world's HIV-positive people do not have access to long-term combination antiviral therapy because treatment is ______. (pg 503)
expensive
The severe, recurrent mosquito-borne infection caused by the protozoa Plasmodium is known as ... (pg 487)
malaria
Which of the following diseases is caused by protozoa? (pg 487)
giardiasis
An increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature when averaged across seasons and geographical regions is called ______. (pg 526)
global warming
The term climate change is a synonym for ______. (pg 526)
global warming
The organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which flourishes in the mucous membranes, causes ______. (pg 505)
gonorrhea
Genital HPV infection is characterized by (pg 506)
growths on the genitals.
What is the most common way of contracting the common cold? (pg 482 "Critical Consumer")
hand-to-hand contact
Hepatitis A (HAV) is special concern for people who do what? (pg 510)
have anal sex
Most people with an HPV infection are unaware they are infected and contagious because they ______. (pg 508)
have no symptoms
Early diagnosis of an HIV infection is extremely beneficial because lifestyle changes can improve a person's overall .. (pg 499)
health
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when ______. (pg 512)
healthy bacteria in the vagina are displaced by unhealthy species.
A metal with a high specific gravity is called a ______. (pg 533)
heavy metal
Infection of the liver commonly caused by drugs, infection, or toxins is called ______. (pg 485)
hepatitis
What is the most commonly transmitted disease that can result from a piercing or tattoo made under unsanitary conditions? (pg 485 "Tattoos and Body Piercing")
hepatitis
_____ is an inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by infection, drugs, or toxins. (pg 510)
hepatitis
Match each type of hepatitis with its corresponding characteristic. (pg 485)
hepatitis A <--->mildest form of the virus; usually transmitted through fecal matter hepatitis B <--->usually transmitted sexually hepatitis C <--->more severe form of the virus; more commonly transmitted through drug use (by direct contact with infected blood)
Every young, sexually active person should be vaccinated for ______.
hepatitis B
Most people with HIV are also infected with ______. (pg 508)
herpes
What has directly contributed to diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis reemerging in industrial countries? (pg 489)
inadequate vaccination
Lesions, blisters, or inflammation due to STIs ______ the risk of HIV transmission. (pg 496)
increase
In the past century, the average global temperature has ... (pg 527)
increased.
Being infected with gonorrhea ______ the likelihood of HIV transmission. (pg 505)
increases
What is a virus that causes respiratory infection and changes and forms new strains each year? (pg 482)
influenza
Many experts believe chlamydia is vastly underreported because ______. (pg 504)
it is often asymptomatic
Acute hepatitis infection can cause ____ , a yellowing of the skin and eyes. (pg 485)
jaundice
What is NOT a way to prevent air pollution? (pg 530)
keep car tires slightly deflated
Oral-genital contact carries ______ anal or vaginal intercourse. (end of pg 496)
less risk of HIV transmission than
Radon can cause cancer of the ______. (pg 541)
lungs
People recently infected with HIV have large amounts of HIV in their bloodstream during the ____ infection phase. (pg 495)
primary
Match the stage of syphilis with its symptom. (pg 511)
primary syphilis <--> appearance of a chancre secondary syphilis <--> skin rash late, or tertiary, syphilis <--> organ damage
Hearing loss can be caused by ______. (pg 541)
prolonged exposure to high-intensity sounds
A microscopic, single-celled organism that often produces recurrent, cyclical attacks of disease is a ______. (pg 486/487)
protozoan
In the United States, all diagnosed cases of HIV or AIDS must be reported to ______. (pg 501)
public health authorities
Energy transmitted in the form of rays, waves, or particles is called ______. (pg 539)
radiation
The sun, electronics, and nuclear weapons are just some of the sources that create ______. (pg 539)
radiation
The use of waste material as raw materials in the production of new products is called ______. (pg 534)
recycling
A disposal site where solid wastes are buried is called a ______. (pg 534)
sanitary landfill
An infection caused when organisms take the opportunity presented by a primary (initial) infection to multiply and cause a new, different infection is called an opportunistic or ______ infection. (pg 494/495)
secondary
Opportunistic infections are also called ______ infections. (end of pg 494)
secondary
A(n) ___ system is a self-contained sewage disposal system in which waste material is decomposed by bacteria. (end of pg 532)
septic
HSV 2 is usually transmitted through ______. (end of pg 508)
sexual contact
Syphilis is usually acquired through ______. (pg 511)
sexual contact
Protozoa are which of the following? (end of pg 486)
single-celled organisms
To support your immune system, make sure that you sleep more than ______ hours per night. (end of pg 489)
six
Exposure to UV radiation from tanning salons or the sun can lead to ______. (pg 539/540)
skin cancer
What is a characteristic of herpes simplex virus? (pg 483/484)
small, painful ulcers
Hazy atmospheric conditions resulting from increased concentrations of ground-level ozone and other pollutants is called ______. (pg 526)
smog
Chlamydia frequently causes epididymitis, which is an inflammation of the ______. (pg
sperm-carrying ducts
Which form of contraception may actually increase the risk of HIV transmission because it causes irritation in the vaginal canal? (pg 496)
spermicide
What is commonly found on the skin or in the nasal passages of healthy people? (pg 477)
staphylococcus
Ethanol is a renewable alternative transportation fuel produced from ______. (pg 524)
starchy agricultural products
A genus of spherical bacteria that are known to cause skin infections, rheumatic and scarlet fever, and pneumonia is called ... (pg 476/477)
streptococcus.
The spirochete Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted infection called (pg 510)
syphilis
Genital warts are usually diagnosed by ______. (pg 508)
the appearance of the lesions
The family of viruses responsible for cold sores, mononucleosis, and chicken pox is called ______. (pg 483)
the herpesvirus
Who is the most at risk for contracting HIV? (end of pg 495)
the receptive partner during unprotected anal sex
How is West Nile virus transmitted? (pg 488)
through a mosquito bite
Why do some people with low CD4 T cell counts take antibiotics? (pg 500)
to prevent opportunistic infections
Syphilis is ______. (end of pg 510)
treatable with antibiotics
During vaginal intercourse, ______ susceptible to HIV infection. (pg 495)
women are more