L4. Single Gene Inheritance Self Study

The combination of alleles for a gene in an individual constitutes a(n) ___________________.

genotype

In the eye, cells called melanocytes produce melanin, which is stored in structures called _______________ in the outermost layer of the iris.

melanosomes

A human disease caused by a mutation in a single gene is called ______________________.

monogenic

Mendel's experiment is called a _____ cross because it follows one trait and the self-crossed plants are hybrids. A. haploid B. pseudohybrid C. monohybrid D. tetrahybrid

monohybrid

A cross that involves a single trait and where the self-crossed plants are hybrids is known as a(n) _____________________ cross.

monohydrid

A __________________ phenotype is a variant of a gene's expression that arises when the gene undergoes a change.

mutant

A(n) _____ may be inconclusive, which means that either autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant inheritance can explain the pattern of filled-in symbols.

pedigree

A(n) ________________ in genetics differs from a family tree in genealogy in that it indicates diseases or traits as well as relationships and ancestry. It may also indicate molecular data and test results.

pedigree

A(n) _________________ may be inconclusive, which means that either autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant inheritance can explain the pattern of filled-in symbols.

pedigree

Charts called _____ display family relationships and depict which relatives have specific phenotypes and, sometimes, genotypes. ideograms pedigrees family trees genograms

pedigrees

Because he deduced the two basic laws of inheritance, _____1_________ _______2__________ became known as the "father of genetics."

1. Gregor 2. Mendel

When analyzing genetic crosses, the first generation is designated as the ________________ generation, and the second generation is the ______________ generation.

1. P1 (parental generation) 2. F1 (first-filial)

A diagram that follows the transmission of alleles and shows the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios is known as a(n): ____________ _______________.

1. Punnett (Punnet) 2. square

When advising a person on whether to take a predictive test for an incurable inherited disease such as Huntington disease, a genetic counselor can provide information regarding _____ _____ that are testing drugs or gene therapy methods to treat the disease.

1. clinical 2. trials

An individual with two different recessive alleles for the same gene is termed a(n): __________. _________________

1. compound 2. heterozygote

When a child is born with a syndrome not previously observed and both parents are unaffected, it is possible that both parents are carriers for _____________ mutations in the same gene for a condition that has not yet been identified or that a new ___________ mutation arose spontaneously in the sick child, in a sperm or an oocyte.

1. recessive 2. dominant

In conditional probability, an offspring's genotype depends on ______. the parents' genotypes, which may not be obvious from their phenotypes how many individuals are affected in the entire family how many siblings the individual has the parents' phenotypes, which may not be obvious from their genotypes

the parents' genotypes, which may not be obvious from their phenotypes

Two genes on the same chromosome can appear to assort independently if ______. there are no crossovers taking place between the two genes they are located very far apart from each other they both display autosomal recessive inheritance the individual is heterozygous for both genes they both display autosomal dominant inheritance

they are located very far apart from each other

True or false: The earliest pedigrees were strictly genealogical, not indicating traits.

true

Two individuals who are both carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder have a child. What is the probability that the child is also a carrier? 3/4 1/2 1/4 1/1 1/3

1/2

Two individuals who are both carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder have a child. What is the probability that the child is also a carrier? 1/3 1/4 3/4 1/2 1/1

1/2 (1/4 x 1/4 --> 1/2)

Jack has limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, which is an autosomal recessive disorder. Both of Jack's parents are phenotypically normal. Jack's sister, Julie, is also healthy, and is expecting her first child. Julie's husband has no family history of muscular dystrophy going back many generations. What is the probability that Julie's child will be a carrier? 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/6

1/3

In soybeans, high oil content (H) and four seeds in a pod (S) are dominant to low oil content (h) and two seeds in a pod (s), respectively. The following cross is made: HhSs x Hhss. What is the probability of obtaining a plant with soybeans having low oil content and two seeds in a pod? 3/16 1/16 1/4 1/8 1/2

1/8

Consider the following three traits in humans: beeturia (red urine after eating beets, b) is a recessive condition to normal yellow urine (B); colored eyelids (H), is dominant to normal eyelids (h); and brachydactyly (short fingers, E) is dominant over normal fingers (e). Elias who has genotype Bb Hh ee is married to Nadine who has genotype bb Hh Ee. What is the chance that their child will have red urine after eating beets, colored eyelids, and short fingers? 3/8 3/64 3/16 1/8 1/16

3/16

Consider the garden pea cross: RrYy X RrYy, where R = round, r = wrinkled, Y = yellow and y = green. What proportion of the offspring is expected to be round and green? 1/16 4/16 8/16 3/16 9/16

3/16

What is the probability that a child whose parents are both carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder will not have the condition? 1/4 1/3 3/4 1/2

3/4

A Punnett square for _________ genes has 256 boxes. (Give a number.)

4

Assume F is a dominant allele conferring freckles on the skin, and f is a recessive allele leading to skin without freckles. Mark has freckles, but his wife Rina does not. Mark's mother has freckles but his father does not. What is the probability that Mark and Rina's child will NOT have freckles? 75% 50% 25% 20%

50%

A true-breeding tall plant is crossed to a true-breeding dwarf plant. The offspring in the F1 generation are all tall plants. The F1 generation is then crossed to yield a F2 generation. What is the genotypic ratio of the F2 generation? (Let T be the allele for the tall trait and t be the allele for the dwarf trait.) A. 1TT: 2Tt: 1tt B. 1TT: 1Tt: 2tt C. 1TT: 3Tt: 1tt D. 2TT: 1Tt: 1tt

A. 1TT: 2Tt: 1tt

The two factors—equal allele distribution into gametes and random combinations of gametes—underlie Mendel's _____. A. law of independent assortment B. law of segregation C. law of dominance D. law of inheritance

B. law of segregation

Mickie and Minnie are each heterozygous for albinism, an autosomal recessive disorder. Their son Donald is phenotypically normal. What is the likelihood that he is a carrier? 3/4 1/4 1/2 1/3 2/3

2/3

How many boxes are present in a Punnett square for three genes? 16 24 64 8 32

64

The phenotypic ratio expected in a typical dihybrid cross is _____. 9:3:3:1 1:1:1:1 3:1 6:2:2:6 15:1

9:3:3:1

How can Mendel's laws be explained? A. By chromosome behavior in meiosis B. Mendel's laws have not been explained C. By cytokinesis in mitosis and meiosis D. By chromosome behavior in mitosis

A. By chromosome behavior in meiosis

What is the molecular basis of recessive wrinkled peas arising from the R gene during Mendel's experiments? A. Seeds with a mutant R gene cannot attach sugars into branching polysaccharide molecules, allowing water to exit the cells and causing wrinkling. B. Seeds with a mutant R gene attach proteins into polypeptides, allowing water to exit the cells and causing wrinkling. C. Seeds with a mutant R gene attach sugars into branching polysaccharide molecules, allowing water to exit the cells and causing wrinkling. D. Seeds with a mutant R gene cannot attach proteins into polypeptides, allowing water to exit the cells and causing wrinkling.

A. Seeds with a mutant R gene cannot attach sugars into branching polysaccharide molecules, allowing water to exit the cells and causing wrinkling.

Identify the traits that are also called Mendelian, in honor of the researcher who first derived the two laws of inheritance that determine how these traits are transmitted from one generation to the next. A. Single-gene traits B. Double-gene traits C. Continuous traits D. Discontinuous traits

A. Single-gene traits

In a plant of genotype Tt, gametes carrying either T or t form in equal numbers during ______ and the ratio holds up when ______ separate in meiosis II. A. anaphase I; sister chromatids B. metaphase I; homologous chromosomes C. anaphase I; homologous chromosomes D. metaphase I; sister chromatids

A. anaphase I; sister chromatids

A(n) _____ disease affects both sexes and can skip generations through carriers who do not have symptoms. A. autosomal recessive B. allosomal recessive C. allosomal dominant D. autosomal dominant

A. autosomal recessive

The compartments of a Punnett square typically represent how genes in gametes ______. A. join if they are on different chromosomes B. join if they are on the same chromosome C. separate if they are on the same chromosome D. separate if they are on different chromosomes

A. join if they are on different chromosomes

Pheomelanin is: A. red-yellow B. dark brown/black

A. red-yellow

Match the symbols below with their description. F2 A. second filial generation B. first generation or the parental generation C. first filial generation

A. second filial generation

Crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual is called a _____. A. test cross B. trihybrid cross C. monohybrid cross D. dihybrid cross

A. test cross

In the context of consanguinity, the risk of having a child with a particular autosomal recessive condition is higher because the related parents may carry _____. A. the same alleles inherited from an ancestor that they have in common B. similar genes inherited from an ancestor that they have in common C. different genes inherited from their respective parents D. different alleles inherited from their respective parents

A. the same alleles inherited from an ancestor that they have in common

Which of the following crosses is expected to yield a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1? AABB x AaBB AaBb x AABB AABB x aabb AaBb x aabb AaBb x AaBb

AaBb x AaBb

Huntington disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Through genetic testing, Joseph has learned that he inherited Huntington disease from his mother who suffers from the illness. There is no history of Huntington disease in Joseph's father's family. What is the probability that Joseph will pass the dominant allele for Huntington disease to his children? A. 0% B. 50% C. 100% D. 12.5% E. 25%

B. 50%

Which of the following statements best describes the wild type allele? A. It is dominant in plants and recessive in animals B. It may be dominant or recessive C. It is always dominant D. It is dominant animals and recessive in plants E. It is always recessive

B. It may be dominant or recessive

A monogenic disease is caused by _________________. A. mutations in multiple genes B. a mutation in a single gene C. effects of the environment on the products of multiple genes D. a single environmental influence on the phenotype

B. a mutation in a single gene

Eumelanin is: A. red-yellow B. dark brown/black

B. dark brown/black

Match the symbols below with their description. P1 A. second filial generation B. first generation or the parental generation C. first filial generation

B. first generation or the parental generation

Short and tall plants reflect expression of a gene that enables a plant to produce the hormone _____, which elongates the stem. A. auxin B. gibberellin C. cytokinin D. abscisic acid

B. gibberellin

Mendel conducted many monohybrid crosses including one between short and tall plants. The F2 progeny of that cross were in the ratio of _____. A. one-third short to two-thirds tall plants B. one-quarter short to three-quarters tall plants C. one-quarter tall to three-quarters short plants D. one-third tall to two-thirds short plants

B. one-quarter short to three-quarters tall plants 1/4 short 3/4 tall

Hybrids hide one expression of a trait that reappears when hybrids are self-crossed because _____. A. each gamete combines with each elementen at fertilization B. paired sets of elementen separate as gametes form, and when gametes join at fertilization, the elementen combine anew C. paired sets of elementen do not separate as gametes form, and each gamete is packaged in each elementen D. when gametes join at fertilization, the elementen do not combine

B. paired sets of elementen separate as gametes form, and when gametes join at fertilization, the elementen combine anew **

Gregor Mendel studied the transmission of __________ traits in the pea plant. A. twenty B. seven C. two D. five E. ten

B. seven

In general, Mendel's laws can be used to predict which of the following in crosses involving single-gene traits? Genotypes only Phenotypes only Both genotypes and phenotypes Neither genotypes nor phenotypes

Both genotypes and phenotypes

A(n) _____ disease affects both sexes and usually appears in every generation. A. allosomal dominant B. allosomal recessive C. autosomal dominant D. autosomal recessive

C. autosomal dominant

Match the symbols below with their description. F1 A. second filial generation B. first generation or the parental generation C. first filial generation

C. first filial generation

Mendel crossed plants with one trait variant with the alternate and produced _____, which are offspring that inherit a different gene variant from each parent. A. pedigrees B. thoroughbreds C. hybrids D. purebreds

C. hybrids

When Mendel crossed short plants (tt) with true-breeding tall plants (TT), the seeds grew into F1 plants that were all _____. A. short (genotype tt) B. tall (genotype TT) C. tall (genotype Tt) D. short (genotype Tt)

C. tall (genotype Tt)

Which of the following crosses is a test cross? A. unknown x AA B. unknown x unknown C. unknown x aa D. unknown x Aa

C. unknown x aa

Assume hair texture in humans is controlled by two alleles of a single gene: C (dominant) confers curliness, and c (recessive) encodes straight hair. Rosalie has straight hair, and her husband Johnny has curly hair. Johnny's father has straight hair and his mother has curly hair. What is Johnny's genotype and what are the chances that he and Rosalie will have a child with straight hair? Cc; 50% cc; 100% CC; 0% CC; 50%

Cc; 50%

_____ is a situation in which an autosomal recessive condition is more likely to recur. Consanguinity Monogamy Polygamy Bigamy

Consanguinity

Identify an autosomal recessive disease. A. Marfan syndrome B. Achondroplasia C. Huntington disease D. Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis

A true-breeding tall plant is crossed to a true-breeding dwarf plant. The offspring in the F1 generation are all tall plants. The F1 generation is then crossed to yield a F2 generation. What is the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation? A. 2 tall: 1 dwarf B. 1 tall: 1 dwarf C. 1 tall: 2 medium: 1 dwarf D. 3 tall: 1 dwarf E. All tall

D. 3 tall: 1 dwarf

An individual carries two dominant alleles of the OCA2 gene and two recessive alleles of the HERC2 gene. What eye color are they expected to have? A. Black eyes B. Red eyes C. Brown eyes D. Blue eyes

D. Blue eyes

Identify an autosomal dominant disease. A. Sickle cell disease B. Cystic fibrosis C. Tay-Sachs disease D. Huntington disease

D. Huntington disease

_____ renamed "elementen" as genes. A. Wilhelm Weinberg B. Gregor Mendel C. Reginald Punnett D. William Bateson

D. William Bateson

A homozygous recessive individual is always used in a test cross because it is the only genotype that _____. A. can be identified by its haplotype B. is the most important genotype present in individuals C. is always expressed in an individual D. can be identified by its phenotype

D. can be identified by its phenotype

In the context of Mendel's experiments, one trait that masks another is _____. A. co-recessive B. recessive C. co-dominant D. dominant

D. dominant

An individual with two different alleles is _____—what Mendel called "non-true-breeding" or "hybrid." A. hemizygous B. homozygous C. nullizygous D. heterozygous

D. heterozygous

Mendel performed his experiments with plants that had been cultivated over many generations to ensure that they always "bred true," producing _____. A. the same expressions of different traits B. a different expression of a trait C. different expressions of different traits D. the same expression of a trait

D. the same expression of a trait

In a monohybrid cross, the F2 generation was in the ratio where _____. A. three-quarters of the progeny exhibiting dominant trait were non-true-breeding, and one-quarter were true-breeding B. one-quarter of the progeny exhibiting dominant trait were non-true-breeding, and three-quarters were true-breeding C. one-third of the progeny exhibiting dominant trait were non-true-breeding, and two-thirds were true-breeding D. two-thirds of the progeny exhibiting dominant trait were non-true-breeding, and one-third were true-breeding

D. two-thirds of the progeny exhibiting dominant trait were non-true-breeding, and one-third were true-breeding

In the garden pea, tall vine (D) is dominant over dwarf (d), green pod (Y) is dominant over yellow (y) and round seed (W) is dominant over wrinkled (w). A tall, yellow, round plant is crossed to a dwarf, green, round one. The following ratios occurred in the F1 generation: 3/8 tall, green, round; 3/8 dwarf, green round; 1/8 tall, green, wrinkled; and 1/8 dwarf, green, wrinkled. What are the genotypes of the two parental plants? A. DdyyWw and ddYYWw B. DdYyWw and DdYyWw C. DDYYWW and DDYyww D. Cannot be determined from the data E. DdyyWW and ddYyww

DdyyWw and ddYYWw

Which of the following is a true statement about dominant disorders? Dominant disorders whose symptoms do not appear until adulthood are lost from a population because the mutation is not passed to future generations. They tend to be more severe and produce symptoms earlier than recessive disorders. Dominant mutations that harm health early in life make people who have the allele either too ill or incapable of surviving long enough to reproduce. The dominant allele never arises anew by mutation in a person who does not have the disease, and so it is always passed from healthy carriers.

Dominant mutations that harm health early in life make people who have the allele either too ill or incapable of surviving long enough to reproduce.

T/F: People differ in the number of melanocytes in their eyes.

FALSE*** *they differ in MELANOSOMES

What is the most likely reason for an inconclusive pedigree? People cannot trace their families back far enough to reveal a mode of inheritance Families are large and the trait impairs fertility Families are small and the trait is not severe enough to impair fertility People hesitate to supply information because the symptoms embarrass them

Families are small and the trait is not severe enough to impair fertility

Which term did the English embryologist William Bateson use to rename Mendel's elementen? A. DNA B. Chromosomes C. Genes D. Chromatids E. Traits

Genes

A homozygous recessive genotype for the _____ gene abolishes control over OCA2 gene expression, and blue eyes result. HERC2 CFTR DHDDS BRCA1

HERC2

Which are characteristics of single-gene diseases? [select all that apply] I. Genetic tests can sometimes predict the risk of developing symptoms of the disease. II. The probability that a person has inherited the disease is determined by how he or she is related to an affected relative. III. Single-gene diseases are found in similar proportions in all populations. IV. The probability that a person develops the disease is determined by whether he or she is in close contact with an affected relative. V. Single-gene diseases are much more common in some populations than in others. VI. A single-gene disease may be treated by providing the missing or inactive protein encoded by the genetic mutation.

I, II, V, VI I. Genetic tests can sometimes predict the risk of developing symptoms of the disease. II. The probability that a person has inherited the disease is determined by how he or she is related to an affected relative. V. Single-gene diseases are much more common in some populations than in others. VI. A single-gene disease may be treated by providing the missing or inactive protein encoded by the genetic mutation.

The four gametes involved in a dihybrid cross are RY, Ry, rY, and ry where round and wrinkled peas arise from the R and r alleles, respectively, and yellow and green seeds arise from the Y and y alleles, respectively. Identify the genotypes that contribute to the round, yellow phenotype. [select all that apply] I. RrYY II. Rryy III. RRYy IV. RRYY V. RrYy VI. RRyy

I. RrYY III. RRYy IV. RRYY V. RrYy

Consider a clinical scenario where a child has a syndrome not seen before, and both parents are unaffected. What are the results possible in a family exome analysis? {select all that apply} I. The affected child inherited recessive mutations from both parents. II. The affected child inherited dominant mutations from either or both parents. III. The affected child has a "new mutation."

I. The affected child inherited recessive mutations from both parents. III. The affected child has a "new mutation." *check

ID the tratis that Mendel studied in the pea plant. [select all that apply] I. seed form II. pod form III. root length IV. seed coat color V. flower position VI. leaf color

I. seed form II. pod form IV. seed coat color V. flower position

The four gametes involved in a dihybrid cross are RY, Ry, rY, and ry where round and wrinkled peas arise from the R and r alleles, respectively, and yellow and green seeds arise from the Y and y alleles, respectively. Identify the genotypes that contribute to the ROUND, GREEN phenotype. {select all that apply} I. rrYY II. Rryy III. RRyy IV. rrYy

II. Rryy III. RRyy

The four gametes involved in a dihybrid cross are RY, Ry, rY, and ry where round and wrinkled peas arise from the R and r alleles, respectively, and yellow and green seeds arise from the Y and y alleles, respectively. Identify the genotypes that contribute to the ROUND, GREEN phenotype. [select all that apply] I. rrYY II. Rryy III. rrYy IV. RRyy

II. Rryy IV. RRyy

What are the functions of a pedigree? [select all that apply] I. They are used as starting points for the human genome project. II. They are used to help families identify the risk of transmitting an inherited illness. III. They are used extensively in karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments. IV. They are used as starting points for identifying and describing, or annotating, a gene from the human genome sequence.

II. They are used to help families identify the risk of transmitting an inherited illness. IV. They are used as starting points for identifying and describing, or annotating, a gene from the human genome sequence.

The four gametes involved in a dihybrid cross are RY, Ry, rY, and ry where round and wrinkled peas arise from the R and r alleles, and yellow and green seeds arise from the Y and y alleles, respectively. Identify the genotypes that contribute to the WRINKLED, YELLOW phenotype. [select all that apply] I. RRyy II. rrYy III. Rryy IV. rrYY

II. rrYy IV. rrYY

Which of the following are characteristics of autosomal dominant traits? [select all that apply] I. The trait is restricted to one sex II. The trait typically skips generations III. The trait typically does not skip generations IV. The trait can appear in either sex

III. The trait typically does not skip generations IV. The trait can appear in either sex

The four gametes involved in a dihybrid cross are RY, Ry, rY, and ry where round and wrinkled peas arise from the R and r alleles, and yellow and green seeds arise from the Y and y alleles, respectively. Identify the genotype that contributes to the wrinkled, green phenotype. [select all that apply] I. rrYY II. RRyy III. RRYY IV. rryy

IV. rryy

Which genotypes were produced among the progeny when Mendel self-crossed the F1 plants with the Tt genotype? TT, tt, and Tt TT, TT, and Tt Tt, tt, and Tt TT, tt, and tt

TT, tt, and Tt

Which of the following designations best represents a compound heterozygote? aa Aa a1a2 A1A2 AA

a1a2

Huntington disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The symptoms typically develop in middle age and lead to death in 10 to 20 years. There is currently no effective treatment for the disease but clinical trials have begun to test new technologies. Genetic testing for whether an individual has inherited this type of illness is recommended to occur _________________. before birth at puberty at birth at or over age 18

at or over age 18

For which of the following patterns of inheritance must individuals have a homozygous genotype in order to show the trait? autosomal recessive incompletely dominant co-dominant autosomal dominant

autosomal recessive

A recessive allele of the OCA2 gene confers blue eye color and a dominant allele confers _____ eye color. brown green purple black

brown

Kalydeco, an effective drug to treat cystic fibrosis, is able to bind to chloride ion ________________ in cell membranes, causing them to open

channels

An offspring's genotype depends on the parents' genotypes, which may not be obvious from their phenotypes. This statement best describes ____________ probability. classical conditional experimental subjective

conditional

The law of independent assortment states that for two genes on different chromosomes, the inheritance of one gene _____. increases the development of recessive disorders in an individual does not influence the chance of inheriting the other gene decreases the development of dominant disorders in an individual influences the inheritance of the other gene

does not influence the chance of inheriting the other gene

A gain-of-function mutation is typically ______ and alters the encoded protein, introducing an additional activity or augmenting a current activity. co-dominant recessive dominant

dominant

Huntington disease is autosomal _______________________, which means that each child of an affected individual need inherit only one copy of the mutant gene to develop the disease.

dominant

In autosomal ___________________ inheritances, if no offspring inherit the mutation in one generation, its transmission stops.

dominant

Suppose exome sequencing shows that a child has a new (de novo) mutation not carried by either parent. Which type of inheritance pattern does this mutation show? recessive codominant incompletely dominant dominant

dominant ***look up

True or false: An organism's appearance always reveals its alleles.

false

In _____, researchers compare the DNA sequence of the exome of an individual who has unexplained symptoms or traits to the DNA sequences of the exomes of relatives. whole exome electrophoresis mass spectrometry RNA sequencing family exome analysis

family exome analysis

Mendel's second law is the law of _____. inheritance independent assortment dominance genetic segregation

independent assortment

A recessive trait is said to arise from a " ____________________-of-function" because the recessive allele usually prevents the production or activity of the normal protein.

loss

A single gene named OCA2 confers eye color by controlling ___________________ synthesis.

melanin

The color of the iris is due to pigments called

melanins

An application of _____ theory called the product rule can predict the chance that parents with known genotypes can produce offspring of a particular genotype. approximation distribution dimension probability

probability

The ____________ rule states that the chance that two independent events will both occur equals the product of the chances that either event will occur alone.

product

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. A new drug for treating cystic fibrosis acts at the level of ______ to ______. DNA repair; convert mutant CFTR DNA sequences to wild-type sequences transcription; increase production of mRNA for the CFTR protein protein synthesis; ignore mutations that shorten the CFTR protein transcription; prevent production of mRNA for the CFTR protein

protein synthesis; ignore mutations that shorten the CFTR protein

A loss-of-function mutation is typically ______ and results in a deficit or absence of the gene's protein product. recessive co-dominant dominant

recessive

In the context of Mendel's experiments, the masked trait is _____. dominant co-dominant co-recessive recessive

recessive

Autosomal recessive diseases: ********* remain in populations because healthy heterozygotes pass them to future generations arise by mutation early in life and harm health, so people do not survive long enough to reproduce remain in populations because healthy homozygotes pass them to future generations

remain in populations because healthy heterozygotes pass them to future generations

Mendel's idea that elementen separate in the gametes is called the law of _____. A. inheritance B. independent assortment C. dominance D. segregation

segregation

In families, we can deduce the probability that a particular person has inherited a _______________ -gene disease by considering how he or she is related to an affected relative.

single

In families, we can deduce the probability that a particular person has inherited a ___________________-gene disease by considering how he or she is related to an affected relative.

single

Dihybrid crosses are those in which _____ is (are) followed. only one allele and trait two alleles and traits only one gene and trait two genes and traits

two genes and traits

A _____________ phenotype is the most common expression of a particular allele combination in a population. A. tumor B. wild type C. hybrid D. mutant

wild type