lab 13 & 14 urinary systems

Fill-in the blanks with the appropriate tissue type being described. Each tissue type can be used more than once.

________ is a network of specialized cells that monitors the internal and external environment and initiates commands through which the body reacts. NERVOUS TISSUE ________ can be classified using the number of cell layers, and the shape of the cell at the apical surface. EPITHELIAL TISSUE There are three types of ________ : skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. MUSCLE TISSUE ________ is widely distributed throughout the body to allow for movement of the skeleton or other tissues of the body. MUSCLE TISSUE ________ is diverse, abundant, and widely distributed through the body. CONNECTIVE TISSUE ________ forms the surface layer of the body, lines body cavities, hollow organs and structures, and constitutes most gland tissue. EPITHELIAL TISSUE ________ is composed of two types of cells: neurons and glial cells. NERVOUS TISSUE

Carbohydrates like glycogen and cellulose are polymers. What is a polymer?

a chain of similar building blocks called subunits, or monomers

Drag each label into the appropriate position to match the tissue characteristic to its class.

muscular tissue heavily vascularized which denoted high rates of energy consumption, excitable cells that are cylindrical branching or spindle shaped, provides movement of the body segments as well as movements through the body nervous tissue includes excitable cells with numerous cellular extensions connecting adjacent cells to one another, functions to provide fast forms of communication epithelial tissue made up of glandular tissues, always maintains a basement membrane and an apical (free) surface, cells are sometimes well-adapted for secretory and/or absorptive functions, always avascular; cells receive nutrients from deeper tissue layers, lines surfaces and cavities while comprising cavities, composed of squamous- cuboidal- or columnar- shaped cells connective tissue most varied of the tissue types, serves as a transitional tissue between two different tissue types, contains high levels of extracellular matrix, most abundant form of tissue, provides support and mechanical protection

Match these cells and fibers found in connective tissues to their functions.

1. Fibers that are flexible but resist stretching COLLAGEN FIBERS 2. Fibers that branch to form a supporting network RETICULAR FIBERS 3. Fibers that can recoil to their original shape ELASTIC FIBERS

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Sebaceous glands

Place the following terms or examples with the correct category. Terms may be used more than once.

Storage bone, adipose Transport blood Physical protection bone, adipose Binding of structure dense irregular, dense regular Support bone, cartilage Immune protection areolar, blood

Describe the events occurring during keratinization by matching each event with a location. Then, drag each site-linked event into the correct order on the image.

1. Cells are mitotic; deepest epidermal layer STRATUM BASALE 2. Contains several layers of polygonal keratinocytes STRATUM SPINOSUM 3. Keratinization begins; keratinocytes begin to fill with keratin STRATUM GRANULOSUM 4. The keratinocytes within this layer are flattened and filled with the protein called eleidin STRATUM LUCIDUM 5. These dead cells have a hard protein envelope, contain keratin, and are often peeled or scraped off STRATUM CORNEUM

Match these cells found in connective tissues to their functions.

1. Cells that form fibers and ground substance in the extracellular matrix FIBROBLASTS 2. Cells that form bone OSTEOBLASTS 3. Cells that maintain bone OSTEOCYTES 4. Cells that break down bone OSTEOCLASTS 5. Cells that store lipids ADIPOCYTES 6. Cells that can move and ingest foreign substances MACROPHAGES 7. Cells that are mobile and release inflammatory chemicals MAST CELLS

Match the structure of the nail with its description or function.

1. Narrow band of epidermis extending from the margin of the nail wall onto the nail body CUTICLE 2. Whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail LUNULA 3. Skin that covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail NAIL FOLD 4. Proximal to the nail root; produces the nail NAIL MATRIX 5. A region of thickened stratum corneum over which the free edge projects HYPONYCHIUM 6. Composed of epithelial tissue; contains the living cell layers NAIL BED

Match the major skin gland with its description.

1. Produce sebum, an oily substance rich in lipids SEBACEOUS GLANDS 2. Consist of eccrine and apocrine glands SWEAT GLANDS

Match each example given to one of the five general functions of epithelial tissues.

1. The outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) protects the underlying structures from the environment. PROTECTING UNDERLYING STRUCTURES 2. The epithelium of the skin is a barrier to water and reduces water loss from the body. ACTING AS BARRIERS 3. The epithelium of the skin prevents the entry of many toxic molecules and microorganisms into the body. ACTING AS BARRIERS 4. Simple squamous epithelium allows carbon dioxide to diffuse from the blood into the lungs. PERMITTING THE PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES 5. Mucous glands and the enzyme-secreting portions of the pancreas secrete their products into ducts that subsequently deliver their products to other areas of the body. SECRETING SUBSTANCES 6. The plasma membranes of certain epithelial tissues contain carrier proteins that regulate the absorption of materials. ABSORBING SUBSTANCES 7. The epithelium of the oral cavity protects the underlying structures from food as it is being chewed. PROTECTING UNDERLYING STRUCTURES 8. The epithelial cells of the intestine absorb digested food molecules, vitamins, and ions. ABSORBING SUBSTANCES

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Apocrine sweat glands

To prove that starch is made up of building blocks called sugar you could treat it with amylase, then test with _____ solution.

Benedict's

Which of the following reagents is best suited for the detection of sugar?

Benedict's

Test tube ____ (letter) indicates a negative reaction for the presence of starch using the iodine test. Test tube A color: Blue Test tube B color: Purple Test tube C color: Red Test tube D color: Orange

D

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Dermis

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Epidermis

Amy is asked to determine the chemical composition of an unknown liquid sample. She determines that the sample is negative for protein, simple sugars, and lipids. However, someone else has used up all of the iodine reagent. Which scenario would allow Amy to test the unknown sample for the presence of starch?

Incubate the unknown sample with amylase and then test for simple sugars.

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Papillary layer of dermis

The image shows a Biuret test for protein. Is it positive or negative?

Positive

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Reticular layer of dermis

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Stratum basale

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Stratum corneum

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Stratum granulosum

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

Subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer

Categorize the appropriate structures or descriptions with the appropriate layer of skin that is highlighted in blue. Words can be used more than once.

Top section 1. Composed of 5 layers 2. Is avascular 3. Composed of keratinocytes 4. Most superficial layer Mid section 1. Composed of 2 layers 2. Contains hair follicles 3. Contains sweat glands Bottom section 1. Also known as subcutaneous 2. Composed of loose areolar and adipose tissue 3. Contains sweat glands

Identify each of the following epithelial tissue from their functional description.

________ epithelium can function in diffusion, filtration, secretion and protection based on location. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ________ epithelium can function in absorption, secretion and protection. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL ________ epithelium functions in protection of underlying layers. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS ________ epithelium functions in movement of a secretion (like mucus) across the apical surface of the tissue. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR ________ accommodates distension and relaxation with changes in organ volume. TRASITIONAL EPITHELIUM

Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of sugar using the Benedict's test?

blue to orange

Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of protein using the Biuret test?

blue to purple

Starch is classified as a

carbohydrate.

Place the following cartilage location in the appropriate category with what type of cartilage is found in that location.

elastic cartilage epiglottis, eustachian tube, external ear hyaline cartilage thyroid cartilage of the larynx, ends of long bones, tracheal rings, nasal septum fibrocartilage intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular surface in the knee (menisci)

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

Consider sebaceous and ceruminous glands. Then click and drag each label into the appropriate category based on whether it pertains to sebaceous glands or ceruminous glands.

sebaceous secretes sebum, holocrine gland that usually opens up into a hair follicle, coats the scalp hair with oil, blockage and infection cause pimples ceruminous secretase earwax, waterproofs the ear canal