Lab 4 - Microbial Phototrophs: Algae and Cyanobacteria
sheath structure and function in cyanobacteria
a covering called a glycolayx. is an essential feature for gliding motility. can glide when come into with a solid surface
phycobillins are what in chlorophyll and what do they function for and what characteristics do they give to cyanobacteria?
accessory pigments in chlorophyll a of cyanobacteria light capture during photosynthersis. They give cyanobacteria their colors. can be yellow-brown or to blue-green
anabaena have reproductive structures called ________ and thick-walled cell structures for nitrogen fixation called _______. What are 2 colors you can see them in?
akinete, heterocyst blue-green, yellow-green
diatoms are a group that is within ______ and a common component of __________. They exist as _________ cells or ________ forms. They have distinct shells called _________ and are made of ________ _________ like sand and glass.
algae phytoplankton single colonial frustules silicon dioxide
dinoflagellates are responsible for _______ ______ which can release lethal _______ into water and can cause ____ tides.
algal blooms toxins red tides
Synedra is a type of ______ with ______like structures if in _________.
diatom needlelike colonies
peridinium is a ________ and is motile by _____(#) ______. They are found in ______ and ______ water.
dinoflagellate 2 flagella fresh and salt
algae move by _________, _______ ________ or are just __________.
flagella, gliding motility nonmotile
algae can be found in _________, __________ or _______ and can be motile or __________.
freshwater, saltwater, or soil nonmotile
some blooms are associated with toxins and can cause which health issues?
gastrointestinal and respiratory issues in people
Chalydomonas belongs to ______ _____. Has ___(#) _________ for locomotion. They are ____cellular.
green algae 2 flagella unicellvular
cyanobacteria are now classified as __________ and belong to the domain __________.
Bacteria, bacteria
a spirogyra belongs to _______ ______. Has ___________ structures within the cell which are known as the ________ for the energy process of ___________ and is _______cellular. Don't possess any motile characteristics so they are _________.
green algae. crisscrossing chloroplasts photosynthesis multicellular nonmotile
cyanobacteria are
prokaryotic (they lack a nucleus and their DNA is found within a nucleoid)
what kind of structure is akinete and which group does it belong to and its appearnce?
reproductive structures, cyanobacteria large, will have a thicker wall and a grainy mottled appearance
cyanobacteria exist as _______ cells in ________ (strands) of cells that look like chains of beads or flat ribbonlike _________ of cells
single filaments colonies
cyanobacteria grow in
soils , freshwater ,saltwater and are numerous and varied than any other group
trichome
strands of filamentous cyanobacteria contained in a sheath.
cyanobacteria are known for their involvement in their
symbiotic relationships
What can diatoms be used for in the perspective of the environment?
they can be used as indicator organisms for environmental conditions from the present to past day environments
structure of heterocyst and what does it do?
thick-walled cells(to inhibit the diffusion of oxygen) that are responsible for nitrogen fixation are round and smooth
rivularia have filaments contained in clear sheaths called _______ with the sheath being in a color ______ _______ covering surrounding _______ _______ cells. they are usually found in groups of ________. They have ________ at their bases.
trichomes light blue dark green colonies heterocysts
dinoflagellates are ____cellular _______ that are commonly found in _________. They use _____ to be motile. They are known to have tough armorlike wall structures called _______ which is composed of _________ and found within the _______ __________.
unicellular algae phytoplankton thecae cellulose plasma membrane
the shape and orientation of the thecae can produce ________ shapes.
unique shapes
phycobilins are use when developing
diagnostic tests for clinical use.
algae are classified by which four characteristics
1. photosynthetic pigments 2. form of reproduction 3. motility 4. composition of their cell walls.
what process do cyanobacteria do that is beneficial to the soil?
Restores health of soils by restoring nitrogen levels through nitrogen fixation
ciguatera fish poisoning is resulted from
build up of a toxin produce by gambierdicus toxicus
algae produce ____________ which is common in _____ _____ and _____.
carrageenan ice cream and soups
all of algae contain
chlorophyll a
cyanobacteria has ___________ ___, the same pigment use by higher plants to capture light energy
chlorophyll a
lichen are responsible for the relationship between
cyanobacteria and fungi
oscillatoria are ________ _______ color, have filaments made up of ______ shaped and found mostly in _______. They can perform 2 types of photosynthesis, the other one being _________ _______ which is a form of photosynthesis without the ________ byproduct. They move in a gliding, _________ motion
green blue ribbonlike colonies anoxygenic photosynthesis oxygen oscillatory
short trichomes that break away from a mass and form a new colony are called
hormogonia
the vast majority of our atmosphere is produced by
marine algae
Algae are
multicellular or unicellular eukaryotic members of the kingdom plantae
cyanobacteria lack a
nucleus and double membrane organelles
cyanobacteria population respond quickly to change in
nutrient levels in aquatic systems and are involved in algal bloom
increasing algal blooms decrease the
nutrients and as the nutrients decrease the algae start to die. bacterial breakdown of dead algae causes the oxygen to plummet negatively impacting lakes and river
cyanobacteria derive their cellular energy from?
oxygen-evolving photosynthesis and utilize chlorophyll a,
Dinoflagellates exhibit _______ that is they can glow in the dark.
phosphorescence
cyanobacteria have an internal membrane system associated with
photosynthetic apparatus