Lab 5: Classification of Joints

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joint, subdivided into fibrous or cartilaginous, fibrous connection by collagen fibers, cartilaginous connection by fibrocartilage (syndesmosis, symphysis)

Gomphosis

Specialized form of fibrous synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket, the fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament

Diarthrosis

Synovial, freely movable joint, subdivided by degree of movement, bony surfaces covered by articular cartilages (monaxial, biaxial, triaxial)

Synostosis

Bony joint formed by ossification of fibrous or cartilaginous joints, ex. metopic suture, mandibular suture, epiphyseal plates

Syndesmosis

Amphiarthrosis, bones held together by collagenous fibers or interosseus ligaments, distal articulation of tibia and fibular, ulna and radius

Symphysis

Amphiarthrosis, cartilaginous joint, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects, slight movement, pubic symphysis and intervertebral articulations

Ellipsoid joint

An oval articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface, biaxial, angular motion, radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal

Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous synarthrosis joints, epiphyseal cartilage between the diaphysis and each epiphysis, precursor to synostosis, hyaline cartilage, rib and sternal attachement with hyaline costal cartilage

Saddle joint

Complex articular surfaces, biaxial, angular motion, first carpometacarpal joint

Suture

Fibrous synarthrotic joint found only between the bones of the skull, bound by fibrous connective tissue (collagen fibers) called the sutural ligament Serrated sutures- sagittal suture of parietal bones Lap sutures- squamosal suture Plane suture- intermaxillary joint

Triaxial/multiaxial synovial joint

Glenohumeral joint and coxal joint, three planes of movement

Synarthrosis

Immovable joint, subdivided into fibrous or cartilaginous (suture, gomphosis, synchondrosis, synostosis)

Humeroulnar joint

Monaxial synovial joint, hinge joint, angular motion (pronation, supination, flexion, extension), flexion is anterior

Tibiofemoral joint

Monaxial synovial joint, hinge joint, angular motion, medial and lateral rotation in flexed position, flexion is posterior

Glenohumeral joint

Multiaxial synovial joint, ball and socket joint, angular motion, circumduction and rotation

Coxal joint

Multiaxial synovial joint, ball and socket, angular motion, circumduction, and rotation

Monaxial synovial joint

One plane of movement, humeroulnar/olecranal joint and ankle

Radial-ulnar joint

Part of humeroulnar joint, permits pronation (medial rotation) and supination (lateral rotation), pivot joint

Hinge joint

Permits angular motion in a single plane, monaxial, angular motion, humeroulnar, tibiofemoral

Pivot joint

Permits rotation only, monoaxial, lateral and medial rotation, altanto-axial joint, radio-ulnar joint (pronation and supination)

Gliding joint

Planar joint, very slight linear movement across flattened or slightly curved surfaces, monoaxial, sternoclavicular and acromialclavicular joint, sacro-iliac joint, intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Ball and socket joint

Triaxial, angular motion, circumduction, and rotation, glenohumeral, coxal

Biaxial synovial joint

Two planes of movement, ribs and wrist