Lab Final
11 - Deposition of B 10 - Deposition of C 9 Erosion of U' - Erosion of U' 8 Intrusion of A - Intrusion of A 7 - Faulting of layers (X-Y) 6 Folding of layers - Folding of layers 5 - Deposition of D 4 - Deposition of E 3 - Deposition of F 2 - Deposition of G 1 - Deposition of H
Figure 4 is a geological cross section. As with most geological cross sections, the top surface is the ground surface and the cross section itself can be regarded as a "window" where we look into the subsurface. There is no scale here, so we do not know how deep this "window" goes, but we can assume it has a depth of at least several 100 feet. The letters on the rock units and formations are NOT in order of age. Several different rock types are present in this cross section. Intrusion A is an igneous rock (andesite). Formations B and G are sandstones; formations C and F are shales. Formation D is conglomerate; formations E and H are limestones. Y and X mark a fault. Figure 4. Geological cross section with various rock types and relationships. After taking time to study this geological cross section, list (in age order as before) all the geological events of the area. Review the principles given at the outset of this exercise before beginning. List the sequence of events starting with the oldest at the bottom.
E-W Strike, S Dip
For Block Diagram 1, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the rock units.
Hanging Wall is north end of the block, Footwall is south end of the block
For Block Diagram 10, determine where the hanging wall and footwall is located.
Hanging Wall is east end of the block, Footwall is west end of the block
For Block Diagram 11, determine where the hanging wall and footwall is located.
Hanging Wall is west end of the block, Footwall is east end of the block
For Block Diagram 12, determine where the hanging wall and footwall is located.
Normal fault
For Block Diagram 13, determine the type of fault.
Reverse fault
For Block Diagram 14, determine the type of fault.
Reverse fault
For Block Diagram 15, determine the type of fault.
Normal fault
For Block Diagram 16, determine the type of fault.
N-S Strike, W Dip
For Block Diagram 2, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the rock units.
N-S Strike, E Dip
For Block Diagram 3, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the rock units.
E-W Strike, N Dip
For Block Diagram 4, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the rock units.
N-S Strike, E Dip
For Block Diagram 5, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the fault plane.
E-W Strike, N Dip
For Block Diagram 6, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the fault plane.
N-S Strike, E Dip
For Block Diagram 7, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the fault plane.
N-S Strike, W Dip
For Block Diagram 8, determine the strike and the direction of dip of the fault plane.
Hanging Wall is east end of the block, Footwall is west end of the block
For Block Diagram 9, determine where the hanging wall and footwall is located.
normal
For block diagram 17, the fault is a _______________ fault (type of fault).
Old Age
Give the stage of regional erosion for the Crowder, Mississippi location.
Mature
Give the stage of regional erosion for the Kaaterskill, New York location.
Youthful
Give the stage of regional erosion for the figure below?
9 Erosion of Q and R - Erosion of Q and R 8 - Deposition or R 7 - Deposition of Q 6 - Deposition of P 5 Erosion of D - Erosion of D 4 - Deposition of D 3 - Deposition of C 2 - Deposition of B 1 Deposition of A - Deposition of A
Look at this simple geological cross section and work out its sequence of geological events. Figure 1. Geological cross section showing several geological formations. The ground surface is the top of the cross section profile. Standard geological symbols are in use here - dots (sandstone); circles (conglomerate); dashes (shale); and bricks (limestone). a. List the sequence of events starting with the oldest at the bottom.
Disconformity
Look at this simple geological cross section and work out its sequence of geological events. Figure 1. Geological cross section showing several geological formations. The ground surface is the top of the cross section profile. Standard geological symbols are in use here - dots (sandstone); circles (conglomerate); dashes (shale); and bricks (limestone). b. What type of unconformity is present in this geological cross section?
12 - Deposition of siltstone 11 - Deposition of sandstone 10 - Deposition of conglomerate 9 Erosion U" - Erosion of U" 8 Intrusion of granite - Intrusion of Granite 7 - Tilting of layers 6 - Deposition of limestone 5 - Deposition of shale 4 - Deposition of siltstone 3 - Deposition of sandstone 2 Erosion of U' - Erosion of U' 1 - Deposition of schist
Now let's look at a slightly more complicated geological cross section and work out its sequence of geological events (see Figure 2). For the purpose of this assignment, if there is a question of when an intrusion occurs as which comes first, assume the intrusion comes at last possible moment. Figure 2. Geological cross section showing several geological formations. The ground surface is the top of the cross section profile. (Pay attention to the rock types)
north
Block Diagram 17 is plunging toward the _______________ (compass direction).
Anticline fold
Block Diagram 17 shows a plunging _______________ (type of fold).
Dendritic drainage pattern
Classify the drainage pattern for Plate 41 (Red Wash, New Mexico; on the plateau).
11 - Deposition of tuff (Tf) 10 Erosion of U' - Erosion of U' 9 - Intrusion of granite 8 - Faulting of layers 7 Intrusion of rhyolite (Rh) - Intrusion of rhyolite (Rh) 6 Deposition of conglomerate (Cg) - Deposition of conglomerate (Cg) 5 - Deposition of shale (Sh) 4 - Deposition of sandstone (Ss) 3 - Deposition of conglomerate (Cg) 2 Erosion of U" - Erosion of U" 1 - Deposition of schist
Now we will look at a bit more complicated geological block diagram and work out its sequence of geological events (see Figure 3). For the purpose of this assignment, if there is a question of when an intrusion occurs as which comes first, assume the intrusion comes at last possible moment. Figure 3. A geological block diagram of a small area. Not to scale. List the sequence of events starting with the oldest at the bottom.
Dendritic drainage pattern
Study the Crowder, Mississippi map and determine the drainage pattern.
Braided Stream
Study the Madison River on the Ennis, Montana map and determine whether the stream type is braided or meandering.
Meandering Stream
Study the Plate 40 (Bear Creek, South Dakota) and determine the stream type is braided or meandering.
Annular drainage pattern
Study the Sundance, Wyoming (around Green Mountain) map and determine the drainage pattern.
Meandering Stream
Study the Tallahatchie River on the Crowder, Mississippi map and determine the stream type is braided or meandering.
16.4 seconds
What is S - P difference for GOIL Station?
17.6 seconds
What is S - P difference for POW Station?
N36.33 W89.62
What is latitude and longitude of the epicenter?
3:47:00.8
What is the arrival time of the P wave at GOIL Station?
3:47:03.0
What is the arrival time of the P wave at POW Station?
3:47:17.2
What is the arrival time of the S wave at GOIL Station?
3:47:20.6
What is the arrival time of the S wave at POW Station?
133 km
What is the distance to GOIL Station?
145km
What is the distance to POW Station?
Site B
What site is closest to the epicenter of the New Madrid earthquake?
Dendritic drainage pattern
What type drainage pattern is illustrated in the figure below?
Radial drainage pattern
What type drainage pattern is illustrated in the figure below?
Trellis drainage pattern
What type drainage pattern is illustrated in the figure below?
Oxbow Lake
What type of feature is Horseshoe Lake in the figure below from the Crowder, Mississippi map?
Alluvial Fan
What type of feature is illustrated in the figure below?
Braided Stream
What type of stream is illustrated in the figure below?
Meandering Stream
What type of stream is illustrated in the figure below?
after
Using block diagram 17, judging from the way that the fault crosses the fold, the fault must have occurred _______________ (before or after) the fold formed.
