lab practical 2

Anna's blood type is "AB". Which types of blood can she receive in a transfusion?

Type AB blood and in an emergency, type O blood

Select all of the following antibodies found in the blood of a person with blood type O.

anti-A, B antibodies

Arteries carry blood

away from the heart

Which of the following arteries is not a direct branch of the aorta?

brachial artery

Which of the following veins is not located in the neck?

brachiocephalic vein

The __________ lines the heart chambers.

endocardium

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are also called agglutinogens.

false

Blood typing involves identifying the antibodies in a person's blood plasma.

false

The ________ is the artery that can be palpated in the inguinal region.

femoral artery

Because of its thicker myocardium, the __________ has the most forceful contraction.

left ventricle

Which of the following is an atrioventricular (AV) valve?

mitral

If the blood from an individual with type O blood is mixed with anti-A serum in one well and anti-B serum in a second separate well,

no agglutination will be seen

6. A blood pressure reading of 100/65 would be considered

normal

The second of two heart sounds (dupp) occurs when the

semilunar valves close

veins carry blood

toward the heart

A harmful reaction may occur in some cases, even when using the universal donor blood type for a transfusion.

true

The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta of the systemic circuit.

true

Which of the following blood vessels have the lowest pressures?

veins

4. When measuring blood pressure at which point do you hear the first sounds of Korotkoff?

when deflating the cuff and the artery is partially open

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented by ____________ in an ECG recording.

QRS

The depolarization of ventricular fibers is indicated by the __________ of an ECG.

QRS complex

The ________ is the inferior end of the heart that is bluntly pointed.

apex

Which of the following arteries would not be palpated on the surface of the body?

common iliac artery

About __________ of Americans are Rh-negative.

15%

Which of the following statements best describes what you would expect to happen if a transfusion recipient had blood type 0 and a donor had blood type AB?

Agglutination would occur as the recipient's antibodies bind to the donors antigens

Why is type O blood called the universal donor?

Because type O red blood cells contain neither antigen A nor antigen B, so they can be transfused into most recipients of any blood type, without being attacked by antibodies

Of the antigens in the Rh group, the most important is ____________.

D

Blood type __________ is sometimes considered the universal donor within the ABO blood group.

O

Name the missing vein(s) in the sequence by clicking and dragging the label to the correct location in each statement. (Some labels may not be used.)

Right subclavian vein, right brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava Anterior tibial vein, popliteal vein, femoral vein Internal iliac vein, common iliac vein, inferior vena cava Vertebral vein, subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein Popliteal vein, femoral vein, external iliac vein Lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium Kidney, renal vein, inferior vena cava

The D antigen related to the Rh factor is present in about __________ of Americans.

85%

Construct each statement regarding ABO blood typing and possible adverse reactions from transfusions by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.

A patient with blood type O who receives blood type A blood will have a transfusion reaction because this patient produces both anti-A and anti-B agglutinins which will agglutinate with the type A agglutinogens. The best blood to receive is the blood with the same blood type as your own blood type; thus, if you are blood type B, then your preferred donor type would be blood type B. A patient with blood type A would not be able to receive blood from blood types B and AB because if he did, he would produce anti-B agglutinins in response, which would cause agglutination of his blood. A patient who is blood type AB received blood from a type O person. Because the type O blood has neither A nor B antigens, the patient will not produce antibodies against this transfused blood.

10. Suddenly moving from a reclining position to a standing position has what effect on blood pressure?

causes blood pressure to drop

Which of the following arteries can be palpated on the surface of the body?

dorsalis pedis artery

1. What determines a person's blood type?

presence of antigens on the red blood cells

The __________ of the conduction system is/are located throughout the ventricular walls.

purkinje fibers

The __________ is the most common artery palpated to determine heart rate.

radial artery

Which of the following do you think would be the most common artery palpated to determine heart rate.

radial artery

The Rh blood group was named after the ____________.

rhesus monkey

The SA node of the heart is located in the

right atrium

You would expect the brachial artery to have a higher pulse rate than the dorsalis pedis artery. False 2. You would expect the carotid artery to be stronger than the dorsalis pedis artery. True 3. Emotions, such as anger, cause an increase in pulse rate. True 4. You would expect the pulse rate to increase in a test subject after five minutes of moderate exercise. True 5. You would expect pulse rate to remain the same when the test subject moves from lying down to standing up. False

yo

If a sample of blood reacts with anti-A antibody and clumps, but not with anti-B antibody, this blood must be of type ______.

A

Blood type __________ is sometimes considered the universal recipient within the ABO blood group.

AB

Which of the following represents the lowest percentage blood type in the U.S. population?

AB

Construct the statements in the paragraph regarding the Rh factor by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.

If an Rh-negative woman is pregnant carrying an Rh-positive fetus, the mother might obtain some RBCs from the fetus during the birth process or during a miscarriage. As a result, the mother would begin producing anti-D antibodies, creating complications for the second and future pregnancies. This condition is known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. This condition can be prevented with the proper administration of RhoGAM, which prevents the mother from producing anti-Dantibodies.

Which of the following blood types would represent a compatible donor for a person with blood type O?

O

Anti-D serum can be mixed with a person's blood to check for the presence of

Rh antigens

Hemolytic disease of the newborn could be of concern when an

Rh-positive fetus and an Rh-negative mother condition occur.

If you mixed a person's red blood cells with anti-B antibodies, and the red blood cells agglutinated, what could you conclude?

That the person's red blood cell membranes contain antigen B

Name the missing artery in the sequence by clicking and dragging the label to the correct location in each statement.

Brachiocephalic trunk, right subclavian artery, right axillary artery. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta, superior mesenteric artery, ascending colon (right side of large intestine) Brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, right external carotid artery Axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery Common iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs

Construct accurate statements regarding the major arteries of the body by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.

In humans, there are three branches off of the aortic arch. The first branch is the brachiocephalic artery, the second branch is the left common carotid, and the third branch is the left subclavian artery. The main artery of the pulmonary circuit is the pulmonary trunk, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs; the aorta is the main artery of the systemic circuit, delivering oxygenated blood to the body. The cerebral arterial circle, or circle of Willis creates an arterial anastomosis of blood vessels around the pituitary gland and optic chiasm to allow for alternative routes of blood supply to parts of the brain. The radial artery in the wrist or the common carotid artery in the neck is often used to take pulse, and in the arm, the brachial artery is often where blood pressure is taken. The superior mesenteric artery delivers blood to most of the intestines, while the inferior mesenteric artery has a smaller diameter and supplies the distal end of the large intestine.

Complete each statement regarding the hepatic portal circulation by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.

The azygos vein receives blood that is drained from veins within the thoracic cavity and wall, and blood is then emptied into the superior vena cava. The hepatic veins drain the liver, the suprarenal veins drain the adrenal gland, and the renal veins drain the kidneys. All three of these veins empty into the inferior vena cava. The hepatic portal system receives all of the blood that drains from the digestive tract in the abdomen, as well as the pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen; thus, it transports nutrient-rich blood to the liver before being distributed to the rest of the body. Given the blood that is emptied into capillaries from the hepatic portal vein, the liver utilizes nutrients for storage or synthesis, such as storing glucose as glycogen or synthesizing plasma proteins from amino acids. The liver also receives substances that may require detoxification, like medicines or alcohol, and it may receive pathogens like bacteria, which it will destroy.

Select all of the following that result in a transfusion reaction which could kill a person.

Type O recipient and type AB donor Type B recipient and type A donor Type A recipient and type B donor

3. What would you expect to happen if a transfusion recipient had blood type O and a donor had blood type AB?

agglutination of the donor blood would occur

2. __________ occurs when blood is mismatched during a transfusion.

aggulination

When B antibodies (anti-B) react with B antigens, __________ occurs.

aggulination

Select all of the following antibodies found in the blood of a person with blood type A.

anti-B antibodies

An individual's blood type is genetically determined by the _______.

antigens on the red blood cells

The stethoscope is placed over the ________ artery in the antecubital space when taking blood pressure.

brachial

3. When measuring blood pressure, the stethoscope is placed over what artery?

brachial artery

The __________ is the standard artery used to determine blood pressure.

brachial artery

2. When measuring blood pressure, the cuff is placed on what part of body?

brachium

Place the following arteries in order of strength, starting with the one that would be the strongest.

carotid a. femoral a. popliteal a. dorsalis pedis a.

9. The measurement that represents the lowest pressure in the brachial artery is called what?

diastolic pressure

5. After a few minutes of moderate exercise, what happens to a blood pressure reading?

it will be higher than normal

the _____ has the thickest wall

left ventricle

Oxygen-rich blood is located in the

left-side chambers

The antigens related to the ABO blood group are located

on the red cell membrane

A(n) ____________ is the structure from which chordae tendineae originate.

papillary muscle

The middle layer of an artery and vein contains mostly

smooth muscle

1. What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure?

sphygmomanometer

8. The measurement that coincides with the maximal pressure in the brachial artery is called what?

systolic pressure

If the blood from an individual with type AB blood is mixed with anti-A serum in one well and anti-B serum in a second separate well

the anti-A serum well and the anti-B serum well will show agglutination.

If the blood from an individual with type A blood is mixed with anti-A serum in one well and anti-B serum in a second separate well,

the anti-A serum well will show agglutination but the anti-B serum well will not.

An individual with blood type O lacks both RBC antigens A and B.

true

Tim has an accident and needs a fast blood transfusion. Tim's blood type is "B". The hospital ran out of type B blood, but they have AB type, A type, and O type blood. Which type would Tim receive as it will provide the least issues for him?

type O blood

The antibodies related to the ABO blood group are located

within the plasma