Lab Quiz 6

Name the 5 anterior pituitary hormones and one action for each.

1. Follicle stimulating-regulate gamete production. 2. Adrenocorticotropic-regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex of the adrenal gland. 3. Thyroid-stimulating-growth of thyroid gland. 4. Growth hormone-determines body size. 5. Prolactin-stimulates breast development.

Name the 3 adrenal gland hormones of the adrenal cortex and one action for each.

1. Mineralocorticoids (glomerulosa)-regulates water 2. Glucocorticoids (fasciculata)-resist long term stressors 3. Gonadocorticoids (reticularis)-produce sex hormones

Name the 2 gonad hormones and one action for each.

1. Ovaries-estrogen. 2. Testes-testosterone

Name the 2 posterior pituitary hormones and one action for each.

1. Oxytocin- milk ejection 2. Antidiurectic-conserve body water

Name the 2 thyroid gland hormones and one action for each.

1. Thyroid-regulate body metabolism. 2. Calcitonin-decreases blood calcium levels

Name the 2 pancreas hormones and one action for each.

1. insulin-decreases blood sugar levels (glucose to glycogen) 2. glucagon-increases blood sugar levels (glycogen to glucose)

__________ produce the exocrine secretion of hydrolytic enzymes that is released into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct.

Acinar cells

The _________ develops from neural crest tissue, and it is directly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

Adrenal Medulla

_______ cells of the Pancreatic islets produce glucagon.

Alpha

The pituitary gland consists largely of 2 functional lobes, the adenohypophysis, or(endocrine) __________, and the neurohypophysis, consisting mainly of the (not endocrine)___________.

Anterior pituitary, Posterior pituitary

________ cells of the Pancreatic islets produce insulin.

Beta

The ________ is the second major control system of the body. Acting with the nervous system, it helps coordinate and integrate the activity of the body's cells.

Endocrine system

The pancreas produces two hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Name the hormone that increases blood glucose levels.

Glucagon

The nervous system employs electrochemical impulses to bring about rapid control, whereas the more slowly acting endocrine system employs chemical "messengers", or __________, which are released into the blood to be transported throughout the body.

Hormones

Name the pineal gland hormone and one action.

Melatonin-circadian rhythm

Islets of Pancreatic islets/ Acinar cells form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.

Pancreatic islets

__________ or C cells are responsible for calcitonin production.

Parafollicular

Name the parathyroid gland hormone and one action.

Parathyroid-regulates calcium in the blood.

Glial cells of the posterior pituitary gland are called __________.

Pituicytes

Name the 2 thymus gland hormones and their action.

Thymosin and Thymopoietins-immune response.

This gland is rather large in an infant, but begins to atrophy at puberty and is relatively inconspicuous by old age. It produces hormones that direct the maturation of T cells. It is the _________ gland.

Thymus

Stored T3 and T4 are attached to the protein colloidal material stored in the follicles as _____________ are released gradually to the blood.

Thyroglobulin

The _________ gland composed of two lobes, is located in the throat, just inferior to the larynx.

Thyroid

The anterior pituitary (lobe) secretes a number of hormones. Four of these are _________ which stimulates its target organ, which is also an endocrine gland, to secrete its hormones.

Tropic Hormones

True or False. The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.

True

True or False. The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.

True

_________ produce growth hormone and prolactin.

acidophil cells

The __________ produces three major groups of steroid hormones, collectively called ___________.

adrenal cortex, corticosteroids

________ are responsible for the production of the tropic hormones.

basophil cells

Define hormone.

chemical messengers secreted into the blood and transported throughout the body and affects target organs

The ________, which synthesize parathyroid hormone, are small and abundant, and arranged in thick branching cords.

chief cells

An endocrine/exocrine gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormone into the extracellular fluid, from which it enters the blood.

endocrine

The medullary cells respond to this stimulation by releasing _________ or __________,which act in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system to elicit the fight-or-flight response to stressors.

epinephrine, norepinephrine

The pituitary gland, also known as the _________, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

hypophysis

The function of the scattered, much larger __________ is unknown.

oxyphil cells

The _________ produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon, important hormones concerned with the regulation of blood sugar.

pancreas

Organs that respond to a particular hormone are referred to as the __________ of that hormone.

target organs

_________, produces glucocorticoids. This is the thickest part of the cortex. Its cells are arranged in parallel cords.

zona fasciculata

The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three zones (zonas). Which one produces aldosterone? a. zona fasciculata b. zona glomerulosa c. zona reticularis

zona glomerulosa

_________, where most mineralocorticoid production occurs, the tightly packed cells are arranged in spherical clusters.

zona glomerulosa

The innermost cortical zone, the __________ produces sex hormones and some glucocorticoids.

zona reticularis