Lab simUText 3- Darwinian Snails

range of variation

Variations of genomes between members of species, or between groups of species thriving in different parts of the world as a result of genetic mutation

Insecticide

a chemical used to kill insects. Insecticides are a type of pesticide. A chemical used to kill insects.Substances that are capable of killing insects, used by humans to those who are considered pests.

differential survival

-individuals with favorable characteristics tend to survive more -differential survival occurs when some individuals in a population are more likely to survive than others due to differences in trait values. Traits hat correlate with differential survival can be physical (such as shell thickness), physiological, behavioral. -differential survival contributes to natural selection in the same manner as differential reproduction.

DDT

. A colorless insecticide that kills on contact. It is poisonous to humans and animals when swallowed or absorbed through the skin. DDT is an abbreviation for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.

genetic mutation

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA or in the DNA or RNA of a virus.

common garden experiment

A common garden experiment is one in which individuals from different populations or species are raised together in a controlled setting, referred to as the common garden. Raising individuals in a common environment allows researchers to distinguish the effects of environment from those of heredity (including species-level differences).

Galapagos Islands

A group of islands in the Pacific off south America; owned by Ecuador; known for unusual animal life.A place made famous in biology by Charles darwin and his work in evolution, the galapagos Islands are populated by Darwin's_Finches who founded his wo.

genetic drift

A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. Effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations.

natural selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Darwin Charles

An english biologist who is renowned for his work and theories in his book on the origin of species by means of natural selection. His work is elaborated upon in the genetics and evolution tutorial.

darwinian snail

An introductory-level simulated biology lab that investigates the principle of natural selection using periwinkle snails and invasive European green crabs as an experimental system.

Evolution

Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.

variation

Differences between members of the same species.

Sipp Bay

Maine

New England's Periwinkle

Periwinkles are usually picked off the rocks by hand or caught in a drag from a boat. They are mostly eaten in the coastal areas of Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland, where they are commonly referred to as winkles or in some areas buckies, willicks, or wilks.

distribution

The distribution of a variable is the arrangement of its values that indicates their frequency of occurrence. is displayed a histogram. A data distribution shows the variable's observed frequencies, whereas a probability distribution shows its theorical frequencies.

Distribution

The geographical range of an organism or disease.

heredity

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

histograms

a graphical depiction of the distribution of data for a particular variable. Histograms show the frequencies of particular values that occur in the population. In this lab, we use histograms to show the relative frequencies of the trait values for snail shell thickness

Cape Cod

a hook-shaped peninsula of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, is a popular summertime destination. It's the site of quaint villages, seafood shacks, lighthouses, ponds and bay and ocean beaches. In the large town of Hyannis, the John F. Kennedy Museum is the first stop on the Kennedy Legacy Trail through downtown, where ferries depart to the resort islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket.

european green crab

a name for the common shore crab in its capacity as an invasive species in the US. The shore crab feeds on invertebrates including worms, molluscs and crustaceans Small molluscs and barnacles are taken by young crabs

Finch

a small singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to the family Fringillidae.

darwin's theory

a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Average

a value that represents the sum of values divided by the number of values in the set. It represents or summarises the relevant features of a set of values.

Horned lizards

an American lizard that somewhat resembles a toad, with spiny skin and large spines on the head, typically occurring in dry open country.

duck

any of various swimming birds (family Anatidae, the duck family) in which the neck and legs are short, the feet typically webbed, the bill often broad and flat, and the sexes usually different from each other in plumage

inducible defense

are responses activated through a previous encounter with a consumer or competitor that confer some degree of resistance to subsequent attacks.

waterfowl

ducks, geese, or other large aquatic birds, especially when regarded as game.

Timber Cove

is a census-designated place in Sonoma County, California. Timber Cove sits at an elevation of 554 feet. The 2010 United States census reported Timber Cove's population was 164.

mutation

is a copying error within an individual's genetic code. Mutations that occur reproduction (usually during the formation of egg and sperm cells) cause an offsping to be genetically different than its parent(s) in unique and novel ways. Mutations are the source of new genetic variation.

The Coachella Valley

is a desert valley in Southern California which extends for approximately 45 mi (72 km) in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the northern shore of the Salton Sea.

flat periwinkle

is a species of small edible whelk or sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc that has gills and an operculum, and is classified within the family Littorinidae, the periwinkles.

rocky coastline

is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates. Rocky shores are biologically rich environments, and are a useful "natural laboratory" for studying intertidal ecology and other biological processes.

A bird of prey, predatory bird, or raptor

is derived from the Latin word rapere (meaning to seize or take by force). These birds are characterized by keen vision that allows them to detect prey during flight and powerful talons and beaks. Many species of birds may be considered partly or exclusively predatory

Nova Scotia

is one of eastern Canada's Maritime provinces on the Atlantic. Consisting of a peninsula and offshore islands, it's home to puffins and seals, and popular for water sports like kayaking. The Bay of Fundy, with its famously extreme tides, is a whale-watching destination. Halifax, the capital, dominated by the star-shaped Citadel, is known for its lively waterfront and Victorian-era Public Gardens.

Appledore Island

is one of nine islands in the Isles of Shoals archipelago, located 6 nautical miles off the coast of Seacoast New Hampshire and Maine.

Webbed toes

is the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet. It is characterised by the fusion of two or more digits of the feet. This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and mammals, such as kangaroos.

differential reproduction

occurs when some individuals in a population are more likely to re produce or have more offspring than other individuals, due to differences in trait values.

intertidal zone

the area between the land and sea that is covered by water at high tide and uncovered at low tide. The intertidal zone is where the sea meets the land, the area between high tide and low tide.

Evaluate Range

to determine the unique member of the range of a function corresponding to a given member of its domain.

trudge

walk slowly and with heavy steps, typically because of exhaustion or harsh conditions.