Laboratory Review 3- Chemical Composition of Cells
Steroids are derived from
Cholesterol
Gives a standard by which to tell if the substance being tested is present in an unknown sample. This is known as?
Control samples
Starch is a protein, true or false?
False
Four chains of polypeptide form what protein?
Hemoglobin
Which transport protein transports oxygen throughout the body?
Hemoglobin
Bonds are broken and water is added in what type of reactions?
Hydrolysis Reactions
What kind of reaction adds water to break large biomolecules into subunits?
Hydrolysis reaction
What kinds of biomolecules are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or either?
Lipids
If you test an unknown substance with the buret reagent and it turns purple what is present?
Protein
If the sample of water you test with biuret reagent turns purple, what should you conclude about the results of your experiment? Explain.
Protein is present
Biuret reagent turns what color for proteins?
Purple
Amino aids differ by and have varying sizes, shapes, and chemical activities?
R groups
Maltose has two sugar units. Also known as?
A disaccharide
Glucose has one sugar unit. Also known as?
A monosaccharide
A chin of two or more amino acids is called?
A peptide
A very long chain of amino acids is called?
A polypeptide
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are made up of chains of glucose units. Also known as?
A polysaccharide
A polysaccharide contains large numbers of glucose molecules joined together. A polysaccharide is known as?
A starch
Proteins are made up of?
Amino acids
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
Enzymes are composed of what type of organic molecule?
Amino acids, proteins
Which enzyme speeds up the breakdown of starch in the mouth and small intestine?
Amylase
What can cause a fat to disperse in water?
An emulsifier
If you test a sample of potato with the buret reagent, what do you expect the results to be?
Become dark blue
If you want to test a sample to see if glucose is present, what reagent should you use?
Benedicts/glucose solution
What must be present to successfully break down fats during digestion?
Bile
Strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide that changes color in the presence of proteins or peptides?
Biuret Reagent
What blue solution tests for proteins?
Biuret reagent
If starch is present, what color will the iodine turn?
Black-Blue
If protein is present, iodine solution becomes what color?
Black-blue
If a solution contains a large amount of glucose, what color will the Benedict's reagent become?
Blue
In the presence of starch, iodine solution (yellow-ish brown) reacts chemically with starch to form what color?
Blue-black
What kind of bond forms during a dehydration synthesis reaction involving two amino acids?
Dipeptide
What kind of protein is lactose, the biomolecules that speeds up the breakdown of lactose?
Enzyme
Proteins that speed chemical reactions are called?
Enzymes
After enjoying a meal of fish and chips, you notice your shirt has an oily stain on it. Why won't the oily stain come out when you dab at it with just water?
Fats are non polar, do not mix with water
Why do experimental procedure include control samples?
Gives a standard by which to tell if the substance being tested is present in an unknown sample
Animals store glucose as?
Glycogen
A single chain of polypeptide forms what protein?
Insulin
Which regulatory protein regulates the amount of glucose in blood?
Insulin
What solution is used in the presence of starch?
Iodine solution
Which structural protein is found in hair?
Keratin
Which structural protein is found in muscle?
Myosin
When molecules have no charged groups or atoms, they are considered?
Nonpolar
If maltose undergoes hydrolysis, what subunits result?
Nucleotides
A chain of two or more amino acids is called a?
Peptide
Phospholipids have the same structure as fats, except that in place of the third fatty acid there is a?
Phosphate group
Biuret reagent turns what color for peptides?
Pinkish-purple
What is the name used for plant fats?
Plant fats
Where are phospholipids found within a cell?
Plasma membrane
When molecules have charged groups or atoms, they are considered?
Polar
A very long chain of amino acids are called?
Polypeptide
If amylase is added to a sample of potato and you test it with Benedict's reagent 10 minutes later, what do you expect the results of the test to be? Justify your reply.
Positive, starch is broken down in glucose
As what molecules do plants store glucose
Starch
Plants store glucose as?
Starch
Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone are known as?
Steroids
Carbohydrates include
Sugars and molecules that are chains of sugars
If starch is present, iodine solution becomes what color?
Yellowish brown