Landforms Ch 6.1
Approximately two thirds (66 percent) of the world's population lives in or near a coastal region
True
T/F Barrier islands can migrate
True
Water can be considered a "universal" solvent
True
The oceans average salinity is approximately
35%
An earthquake, submarine landslide, or eruption of an undersea volcano is capable of producing a
tsunami.
The average salinity of sea water may be expressed as a. 3.5 percent, or 35 parts per thousand. b. 35,000 parts per million. c. 35 grams per kilogram. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these are correct as stated.
All of these are correct
Which of the following is not true regarding Earth's oceans? a. Development on Marco Island was prevented due to sensitive mangrove habitat. b. 50% of Earth's population lives in coastal areas. c. 50% of the oceans' coastlines are at risk of loss or disruption. d. Coral bleaching is affecting reefs worldwide.
a. Development on Marco Island was prevented due to sensitive mangrove habitat.
Which of the following is not true of tides? a. They are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the Sun. b. They are complex daily oscillations in sea level. c. They are influenced by the size, depth, and topography of ocean basins. d. They are influenced by shoreline configuration and latitude.
a. They are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the Sun.
Which of the following is not related to coral rock formations? a. atolls b. bay barriers and barrier spits c. reefs d. barrier reefs
b. bay barriers and barrier spits
As regards wetlands, which of the following is correctly matched? a. salt marsh - between the equator and the 30th parallel in both hemispheres b. salt marsh - poleward of the 30th parallel in either hemisphere c. mangrove swamps - poleward of the 30th parallel in either hemisphere d. salt marshes - low productivity due to the salinity
b. salt marsh - poleward of the 30th parallel in either hemisphere
Which of the following is not an example of an erosional coastal landform? a. sea arch b. tombolo c. wave-cut platform d. notched cliff
b. tombolo
A landform that takes the shape of a long ridge extending out from a coast is
barrier spit
In order for an atoll to form, what had to happen
both erosion and submergence
So-called "sleeper waves" result from
constructive, in-phase interference.
Generally speaking, "beaches" span the zone
from several feet above high tide to several feet below low tide.
Brine water results from
high evapotranspiration rates
mangrove swamps are limited to tropical and subtropical latitudes because
mangrove seedlings do no survey temperature below freezing
About 2 percent of the oceanic mass comprises the
mixing zone of blended solutes and temperatures.
A sea stack (i.e., an isolated pillar of rock located offshore) is the erosional remnant of a
rocky headland.
areas of the ocean that have less that 35% salinity due to freshwater input are known as
brackish
A structure that can be used to create a zone of still water near a coastline
breakwater
T/F As the potential evapotranspiration increases, salinity decreases
False
T/F Brine water tends to occur near coastal deltas
False
T/F In 1989, Hurricane Hugo wreaked havoc in Puerto Rico, yet missed the South Carolina coastline
False
T/F The barrier islands off the Louisiana shore have been growing at fast rates in recent decades.
False
T/F A significant seismic sea wave occurs an average of every 3.5 years in the Pacific Basin
True
T/F The coastal environment is also known as the littoral zone
True
T/F The composition of the ocean in terms of the ratio of individual mineral salts is remarkably homogenous
True
Marco Island, Florida, is used in the text as an example of
a mangrove ecosystem completely urbanized
Sand on a beach moves in a zigzag pattern when waves strike the beach __________, and this movement of material is known as __________.
at an angle; beach drift
Which of the following is not true of tides? a. The Moon's gravitational pull on Earth is greater than that of the Sun's. b. Inertia produces a bulge on the side of Earth opposite that of the Moon. c. Tidal bulges rotate with Earth; i.e., they move with the landmasses as Earth rotates. d. The tidal bulge located on the side of Earth opposite that of the Moon results from the fact that it is "left in position" while the water on the side facing the Moon is drawn toward the Moon. e. Most places on Earth experience two high tides and two low tides each day.
c. Tidal bulges rotate with Earth; i.e., they move with the landmasses as Earth rotates.
From inland to the ocean, which sequence of zones is correct? a. nearshore, backshore, coast b. beach, surf zone, coast c. coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore d. ocean, beach, cliffs
c. coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore
A tsunami
can be caused by an earthquake
Which of the following is true of worldwide sea level? a. Over the long term, levels have been very constant. b. Changes in sea level are usually unrelated to tectonic processes. c. Changes seem to occur without any relation to global average temperatures. d. It was about 130 m (430 ft.) lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10 cm lower 100 years or so ago.
d. It was about 130 m (430 ft.) lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10 cm lower 100 years or so ago.
Tides are produced by
the gravitational pull of the moon and sun
Approx. 50% of current sea level rise is due to
thermal expansion of ocean water
The upper layer of the ocean that is heated by the sun and mixed by the wind is the
mixing layer
A general term for the coastal environment is
littoral zone
In order to reestablish eroding beaches, some municipalities deposit sand on the beach using trucks. In the process, known as beach nourishment, the beach front may be steepened relative to its original slope. Based on the relationship between beach slope and wave type, you know that this restoration process will result in the generation of __________.
plunging breakers that will erode the newly deposited sand