Lange Practice Test #1
Which of the following is most likely to produce a high-quality image? a. small image matrix b. high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) c. large pixel size d. low resolution
b. high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Deficiency of blood to a body tissue describes: a. necrosis b. ischemia c. dyspnea d. thrombus
b. ischemia
The position seen in figure 6-8 is used to demonstrate: a. distal humerus b. proximal forearm c. proximal humerus d. distal forearm
b. proximal forearm
The exposure timer setting on three-phase radiographic equipment must be test annually and must be accurate to within: a. ±2% b. ±5% c. ±10% d. ±20%
b. ±5%
Which of the following is/are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the thoracic spine? 1. intervertebral spaces 2. zygapophyseal joints 3. intervertebral foramina a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 1 and 3 only
Images useful in demonstrating postspinal fusion degree of motion include: 1. AP flexion and extension 2. lateral flexion and extension 3. AP right and left bending a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
Which of the following procedures requires that contrast medium is injected into the ureters? a. cystogram b. urethrogram c. retrograde pyelogram d. intravenous urogram
c. retrograde pyelogram
Select from the following the three correct statements regarding characteristics of x-ray photons/the x-ray beam. a. fluorescent effect on certain phosphors b. travel at the speed of sound c. physiological effect on living tissue d. negative electrical charge e. collimators focus the x-ray beam f. travel in straight lines
A. fluorescent effect on certain phosphors C. physiological effect on living tissue F. travel in straight lines
Select from the following the two radiation monitoring devices that contain air chambers for radiation measurement. a. optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter b. thermoluminescent dosimeter c. film badge d. direct ion storage dosimeter e. pocket dosimeter
D. direct ion storage dosimeter E. pocket dosimeter
Which of the following combinations would pose the GREATEST hazard to a particular anode? a. 0.6-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs b. 0.6-mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs c. 1.2-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs d. 1.2-mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
a. 0.6-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
Terms that refer to size distortion include: 1. magnification 2. attenuation 3. elongation a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a. 1 only
Which of the following is/are accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an AP projection of the normal knee? 1. femorotibial interspaces equal bilaterally 2. patella superimposed on distal tibia 3. CR enters 1/2 inch distal to base of patella a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a. 1 only
Which of the following should be well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae? 1. pedicles 2. disk spaces 3. zygapophyseal joints a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
a. 1 only
The term used to describe the gradual decrease in exposure rate as an x-ray beam passes through the matter is: a. attenuation b. absorption c. scattered radiation d. secondary radiation
a. attenuation
The source-to-table distance in fixed/stationary fluoroscopy must: a. be at least 38 cm (15 inches) b. not exceed 38 cm (15 inches) c. be at least 30 cm (12 inches) d. not exceed 30 cm (12 inches)
a. be at least 38 cm (15 inches)
As window width increases: a. contrast scale increases b. contrast scale decreases c. brightness increases d. brightness decreases
a. contrast scale increases
The medical term used to describe the vomiting of blood is: a. hematemesis b. hemoptysis c. hematuria d. epistaxis
a. hematemesis
The portion of a hypodermic needle that attached to the syringe is termed its: a. hub b. gauge c. length d. bevel
a. hub
Which of the following groups of organs/structures are located in the left upper quadrant? a. left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and gastric fundus b. left suprarenal gland, pylorus, and duodenal bulb c. hepatic flexure, cecum, and pancreas d. gastric fundus, liver, and cecum
a. left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and gastric fundus
Which type of error results in grid cutoff at the periphery of the radiographic image? a. off-focus b. off-center c. off-level d. off-angle
a. off-focus
The CR should be directed to the center of the part of the greatest interest to avoid: a. shape distortion b. magnification c. foreshortening d. elongation
a. shape distortion
An animal host of an infectious organism that transmits the infection via a bite or sting is a: a. vector b. fomite c. host d. reservoir
a. vector
Bone densitometry if often performed to: 1. measure degree of bone (de)mineralization 2. evaluate results of osteoporosis treatment/therapy 3. evaluate condition of soft tissue adjacent to bone a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
It is essential to question female patients of childbearing age regarding the: 1. date of their last menstrual period 2. possibility of their being pregnant 3. number of x-ray examinations they have had in the past 12 months a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
Select from the following the type(s) of the x-ray beam filtration whose function is to decrease patient's skin dose. 1. inherent 2. added 3. compensating 4. collimation a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 2 and 3 only e. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
Which of the following is/are used to indicate the appropriateness of radiation density reaching the IR? 1. exposure index 2. sensitivity (S) number 3. field of view (FOV) a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
Which of the following statements is/are true with respect to the differences between the male and female bony pelves? 1. the female pelvic outlet is wider 2. the pubic angle is 90 degrees or less in the male 3. the male pelvis is shallower a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
Select the statements from the following that correctly describe lines A and B in figure 6-5. 1. line A illustrates wider exposure latitude than line B 2. line B is typical of digital imaging systems 3. line A is typical of PSP response 4. lines A and B are representation of analog imaging a. 1 and 4 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 3 and 4
b. 1 and 3
Which three of the following elements MUST be included on an x-ray image for it to be considered as legitimate legal evidence? 1. name of facility where examination performed 2. examination date 3. date of birth 4. referring physician 5. patient identification 6. radiographer initials a. 1, 4, and 5 b. 1, 2, and 5 c. 4, 5, and 6 d. 2, 3, and 4
b. 1, 2, and 5
The national council on radiation protection and measurements (NCRP) has recommended what total equivalent dose limit to the embryo/fetus? a. 0.5 mSv b. 5.0 mSv c. 50 mSv d. 500 mSv
b. 5.0 mSv
If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be required to produce 18 mAs? a. 40 ms b. 60 ms c. 400 ms d. 600 ms
b. 60 ms
Which of the following is the PREFERRED scheduling sequence? a. lower GI series, abdomen ultrasound, upper GI series b. abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series c. abdomen ultrasound, upper GI series, lower GI series d. upper GI series, lower GI series, abdomen ultrasound
b. abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series
What is the most superior structure of the scapula? a. apex b. acromion process c. coracoid process d. superior angle
b. acromion process
A term that is often used to describe a particular control panel software selection in medical imaging is: a. hardware b. algorithm c. histogram d. modem
b. algorithm
Rapid onset of severe respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms after ingestion of injection of a drug, vaccine, contrast agent, or food or after an insect bite describes: a. asthma b. anaphylaxis c. myocardial infarction d. rhinitis
b. anaphylaxis
Which of the following indicates the glenoid cavity seen in figure 6-3? a. b b. c c. h d. m
b. c
Impingement on the wrist's median nerve causing pain and disability of the affected hand and wrist is known as: a. carpal boss syndrome b. carpal tunnel syndrome c. carpopedal syndrome d. radioulnar syndrome
b. carpal tunnel syndrome
An axial projection of the clavicle is often helpful in demonstrating a fracture that is not visualized using a perpendicular CR. when examining the clavicle in the PA position, how is the CR directed for the axial projection? a. cephalad b. caudad c. medially d. laterally
b. caudad
Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves partial transfer of the incident photon energy to the involved atom? a. photoelectric effect b. compton scattering c. coherent scattering d. pair production
b. compton scattering
How can OID be reduced for a PA projection of the wrist? a. extend the fingers b. flex the metacarpophalangeal joints c. extend the forearm d. oblique the metacarpals 45 degrees
b. flex the metacarpophalangeal joints
As the CR laser scanner/reader recognizes the phosphostimulated luminescence (PSL) released by the PSP storage plate, it constructs a graphic representation of pixel value distribution, called a/an: a. processing algorithm b. histogram c. lookup table d. exposure index
b. histogram
A blowout fracture usually occurs in which aspect of the orbital wall? a. superior b. inferior c. medial d. lateral
b. inferior
All of the following are rules of good body mechanics, EXCEPT: a. keep the back straight, avoid twisting b. keep the load away from the body c. push, do not pull, the load d. keep a wide base of support
b. keep the load away from the body
Biologic material is most sensitive to radiation exposure under which of the following conditions? a. deoxygenated b. oxygenated c. hypoxic d. anoxic
b. oxygenated
An accurately positioned oblique projection of the first through fourth vertebrae will demonstrate the classic "scotty dog." what bony structure does the scotty dog's "eye" represent? a. superior articular process b. pedicle c. transverse process d. pars interarticularis
b. pedicle
A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is a/an: a. fistula b. polyp c. diverticulum d. abscess
b. polyp
Verbal disclosure of confidential information that is detrimental to the patient is called: a. invasion of privacy b. slander c. libel d. assault
b. slander
During measurement of blood pressure, which of the following occurs as the radiographer controls arterial tension with the sphygmomanometer? a. the brachial vein is collapsed b. the brachial artery is temporarily collapsed c. the antecubital vein is monitored d. oxygen saturation of arterial blood is monitored
b. the brachial artery is temporarily collapsed
The legal doctrine "res ipsa loquitur" relates to which of the following? a. let the master answer b. the thing speaks for itself c. a thing or matter settled by justice d. a matter settled by precedent
b. the thing speaks for itself
Which of the following affect(s) both the quantity and quality of the primary beam? 1. kV 2. mA 3. half-value layer (HVL) 4. distance (SID) a. 3 and 4 b. 2, 3, and 4 c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 4
c. 1 and 3
The radiation barriers in a controlled area must keep worker exposure to less than: a. 1 mSv/month b. 5 mSv/month c. 1 mSv/week d. 5 mSv/week
c. 1 mSv/week
Cells described as somatic include: 1. neuron 2. muscle 3. oocytes 4. spermatozoa 5. osteoblasts a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 2, 3, and 4 c. 1, 2, and 5 d. 3, 4, and 5
c. 1, 2, and 5
Late effects of radiation include late tissue reactions. examples of late tissue reactions include: 1. organ atrophy 2. genetic effects 3. malignant disease 4. cataract formation 5. reduced fertility a. 1, 3, and 4 only b. 2, 3, and 5 only c. 1, 4, and 5 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 1, 4, and 5 only
Federal regulations regarding infection control in the workplace, as amended by the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA), make which of the following requirements? a. hepatitis B immunizations must be made available to all hospital employees 2. puncture-proof containers must be provided for all used needles 3. follow-up care must be provided to any staff accidentally exposed to blood splash/needlestick a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
Fluids and medications are administered via the intravenous route for which of the following reason(s)? 1. to achieve a local effect 2. to administer parenteral nutrition 3. to promote rapid response a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
Improved visualization of interphalangeal joint spaces seen in figure 6-9, can be achieved by: 1. increasing obliquity of hand 2. using a 45-degree foam wedge 3. placing fingers parallel to IR a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
In the 45-degree medial oblique projection of the ankle, the 1. talotibial joint is visualized 2. tibiofibular joint is visualized 3. plantar surface is approximately perpendicular to the lower leg/IR a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
The AP axial projection of the chest for pulmonary apices 1. projects the apices above the clavicles 2. requires 15-20 degrees of cephalad angulation 3. should demonstrate the medial ends of the clavicles equidistant from the vertebral column a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only c. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Figure 6-10? 1. there is inadequate inspiration 2. good collimation is evident 3. centering is not exact a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
X-ray tube life may be extended by: 1. using high-mAs with low-kV technical factors 2. avoiding lengthy anode rotation 3. avoiding exposures to a cold anode a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
c. 2 and 3 only
if a part received 0.8 Gy during a 4-min fluoroscopic examination, what was the dose rate? a. 2 mGy/min b. 20 mGy/min c. 200 mGy/min d. 2000 mGy/min
c. 200 mGy/min
Which of the following projections/positions would best demonstrate structure number 8 seen in figure 6-7? a. PA projection b. lateral projection c. AP external oblique d. AP internal oblique
c. AP external oblique
The image shown in figure 6-4 was made in which of the following recumbent positions? a. RAO b. lateral c. LPO d. PA
c. LPO
Which of the following radiologic examinations would deliver the greatest ESE? a. chest b. skull c. abdomen d. thoracic spine
c. abdomen
Which of the following radiologic examinations requires preparation consisting of a low-residue diet, cathartics, and enemas? a. upper GI series b. small bowel series c. barium enema (BE) d. intravenous (IV) cystogram
c. barium enema (BE)
Each of the following statements regarding respiratory structures is true, except: a. the left lung has two lobes b. the lower portion of the lung is the base c. each lung in enclosed in peritoneum d. the main stem bronchus enters the lung hilum
c. each lung in enclosed in peritoneum
Which of the images shown in figure 6-6 best demonstrated the intercondylar fossa? a. figure 6-6a b. figure 6-6b c. figure 6-6c d. figure 6-6d
c. figure 6-6c
The unit for KERMA is: a. R b. rad c. gray d. coulomb
c. gray
In which of the following projections was the image in figure 6-1 made? a. AP b. medial/internal oblique c. lateral/external oblique d. acute flexion
c. lateral/external oblique
Ionizing radiation passing through tissue and depositing energy through ionization processes is known as: a. the characteristic effect b. compton scatter c. linear energy transfer d. the photoelectric effect
c. linear energy transfer
What is the name of the structure indicated as number 5 in figure 6-7? a. coracoid fossa b. radial notch c. olecranon fossa d. coronoid fossa
c. olecranon fossa
From the following, select the group identifying the correct blood path through the heart from systemic, to pulmonary, and back to systemic circulation. a. left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, right atrium, aortic semilunar valve b. right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve c. right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve d. left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, mitral valve
c. right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
The portion of the remnant x-ray beam representing anatomical details having desirable quality is called: a. photoelectric b. compton c. signal d. noise
c. signal
The uppermost/first set of collimator shutters closest to the x-ray tube port window functions: a. as a variable aperture beam restrictor b. to absorb scattered radiation c. to reduce off-focus radiation d. as positive beam limitation
c. to reduce off-focus radiation
Advantages of high-frequency generators include: 1. small size 2. decreased patient dose 3. nearly constant potential a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Body substances and fluids that are considered infectious or potentially infectious include: 1. sputum 2. synovial fluid 3. cerebrospinal fluid a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Fluoroscopic equipment features designed to eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure to patient and/or personnel include: 1. protective Pb curtain 2. primary beam filtration 3. collimation a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
For which of the following can a radiographer be found liable for a negligent tort? 1. radiographer images the wrong forearm 2. patient is injured while being positioned on the x-ray table 3. radiographer fails to question patient about possible pregnancy before performing x-ray examination a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Geometric unsharpness is influenced by which of the following? 1. distance from object to image 2. distance from source to object 3. distance from source to image a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Histogram appearance can be skewed if there is inaccuracy in: 1. part centering 2. part positioning 3. processing algorithm selection a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Major effect(s) of irradiation of macromolecules include(s): 1. point lesions 2. cross-linking 3. main-chain scission a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Methods of decreasing patient dose during fluoroscopic examinations include: 1. use of last-image hold 2. using the lowest practical pulse rate 3. keeping the patient/part as close to the image intensifier as possible a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Tungsten alloy is the usual choice of target material for radiographic equipment because it: 1. has a high atomic number 2. has a high-melting point 3. can readily dissipate heat a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are associated with magnification fluoroscopy? 1. less noise 2. improved contrast resolution 3. improved spatial resolution a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are tested as part of a QC program? 1. beam alignment 2. reproducibility 3. linearity a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
The x-ray tube's inherent filtration includes: 1. glass envelope 2. insulating oil 3. collimator shutters 4. collimator mirror 5. glass window of tube housing a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1, 4 ,and 5 c. 2, 3, and 5 d. 1, 2, and 5 e. 1, 3, and 4
d. 1, 2, and 5
Select from the following the three types of motion permitted by saddle/sellar joints. 1. flexion 2. gliding 3. abduction 4. circumduction 5. medial/lateral rotation a. 1, 2, and 4 b. 2, 3, and 5 c. 2, 3, and 4 d. 1, 3, and 4 e. 3, 4, and 5
d. 1, 3, and 4
In the AP knee projection of an asthenic patient who measures 17 cm from the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) to tabletop, the CR should be directed: a. perpendicularly b. 5 degrees medially c. 5 degrees cephalad d. 5 degrees caudad
d. 5 degrees caudad
Referring to figure 6-2, the pulmonary veins empty blood into which chamber of the heart? a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 8
d. 6
A parallel-plate ionization chamber receiving a charge from x-ray photons is a/an: a. photomultiplier tube b. induction motor c. autotransformer d. AEC
d. AEC
Which of the following is the MOST USEFUL for bone age evaluation? a. lateral skull b. PA chest c. AP pelvis d. PA hand
d. PA hand
What is the structure indicated by the letter A in figure 6-3? a. greater tubercle b. coronoid process c. coracoid process d. acromion process
d. acromion process
The positive electrode of the x-ray tube is the: a. capacitor b. grid c. cathode d. anode
d. anode
Imperfect expansion of the lung(s), often accompanied by dyspnea, is called: a. COPD b. pneumonia c. pneumothorax d. atelectasis
d. atelectasis
During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination, contrast medium is injected into the: a. hepatic duct b. cystic duct c. pancreatic duct d. common bile duct
d. common bile duct
Hypochlorite bleach (clorox) and lysol are examples of: a. antiseptics b. bacteriostatics c. antifungal agents d. disinfectants
d. disinfectants
Technical factors of 400 mA, 20 ms, 68 kVp at 40-inch SID were used to produce a satisfactory x-ray image. a change to 4 mAs can be BEST compensated for by which of the following? a. increasing the SID to 60 inches b. decreasing the SID to 20 inches c. decreasing the kilovoltage to 60 kVp d. increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp
d. increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp
The line-focus principle refers to the fact that: a. x-rays cannot be focused b. x-ray travel in straight lines c. the effective focal spot is larger than the actual focal spot d. the actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot
d. the actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot
If the exposure rate at 2.0 m from a source of radiation is 18 mGya/min, what will be the exposure rate at 5 m from the source? a. 2.88 mGya/min b. 7.10 mGya/min c. 28.8 mGya/min d. 71.0 mGya/min
a. 2.88 mGya/min
Which of the following effects does an analgesic have on the body? a. decreases pain b. helps delay clotting c. increases urine output c. combats bacterial growth
a. decreases pain