Last AP Lab quiz
What bundle of connective tissue fibers helps lock the testes in place as the fetus forms?
Gubernaculum testis
How do the actions of the cremaster muscle protect the testes?
The job of the cremaster muscle is to raise and lower the testes in order to regulate scrotal temperature for optimal spermatogenesis and survival of the spermatozoa.
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
If air or body temperature increases, the ________ muscle relaxes and the testes move _______ from the body's core.
cremaster; farther
State the ploidy in each of these cells, (spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, seconday spermatocyt, spermatid, spermatozoid)
permatogonium: diploid primary spermatocyte: diploid seconday spermatocyt: haploid spermatid: haploid spermatozoid: haploid
Why are the testes located in the scrotum outside of the body?
sperm production is best at a temperature lower than the body's temperature. The scrotum regulates for changes in temperature.
What are the cells of spermatogenesis?
spermatogonia, primary spermatocyts, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids
What are spermatogonia?
these are stem cells that are undifferentiated and divide through mitosis
What helps ensure the testes are a different temperature from the body?
they are outside the body to ensure a cooler temperature and muscles contract or relax in order to adjust temperature bring them closer or further away from the body
What are the three regions of the urethra?
-proastatic, membranous, amd spongy urethra
What are the 6 major functions of nurse cells (sertoli cells)?
1. Maintain blood-testis barrier 2. Support mitosis and meiosos 3. Support spermiogenesis 4. Secrete inhibin 5. Secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) 6. Secrete mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF)
An inguinal hernia is caused by: A. Loops of the small intestine protrude into the inguinal canals B. Loops of the large intestine protrude into the inguinal canals C. The rectum protrudes into the inguinal canals D. The ureters protude into the inginal canals
A
Which gland produces 60% of semen volume? A) Seminal Gland B) Prostate Gland C) Neither produces semen
A
Define meiosis.
A process of sexual cell division that forms secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa (sperm cells).
All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system EXCEPT: A) seminal vesicles B) prostate gland C) testes D) bulbourethral gland E) none of the above
C
Name the two main tissue layers in the shaft of the penis. Which is responsible for making the penis erect?
Corpus spongiosum, corpus cavernosum; c. cavernosum is responsible
Please name the two layers of muscle that are present in the scrotum and also indicate whether each of these is skeletal muscle or smooth muscle.
Dartos muscle - smooth Cremaster muscle - skeletal
True/False: Your roommate caught Chlamydia during spring break in Mexico, but they are convinced it will just pass over a few weeks. So, treatment is not necessary.
FALSE--The bacterium Chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility.
What are Sertoli cells stimulated by?
FSH and testosterone
True or False: Inguinal hernia's occur more often in females.
False
True or False: The testes are kept at the same temperature as the core of the body.
False
True or false: Sperm are motile in the epidydymis?
False
True or False: The Dartous Muscle is Skeletal Muscle
False, it's smooth
True/False: The maturation of an ovum takes a few days to complete.
False. The maturation of an ovum takes several cycles to complete. That is why at any given time, oocytes are in various stages of development within the ovary.
T/F: The testes is posterior to the epididymis.
False: The testes is anterior to the epididymis.
What is the role of is the role of the tunica albuginea?
It is a fibrous capsule that line an protect the testicles and gives rise to the connective tissue septa that divides the testicles into approximately 250 lobules.
Where is the acrosome located and what does it contain?
It is located on the head of a sperm and contains enzymes that allow a sperm cell to penetrate the egg during fertilization.
What is the cremaster muscle?
It is the muscle that covers the testes and spermatic cord.
What is an inguinal hernia?
It is when loops of the small intestine protrude into the inguinal canals and scrotum resulting in an inguinal hernia
Describe the condition of an infant who has cryptorchid testes.
One or both testes have not completed the migration into the scrotum before birth, so they remain in the abdominal cavity or inguinal canals. Surgery may be needed if they do not descend within a few weeks after birth.
What does PSA stand for and what is its role in dealing with prostate cancer?
PSA stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen, which makes early detection possibly by performing a blood test for elevated levels of this prostate enzyme.
What may an abnormally low volume of semen indicate?
Problems with prostate gland or seminal glands
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
Prostatic, Membranous, Spongy
What is smegma?
Smegma is the waxy material that is secreted by glands in the inner surface of the prepuce. This substance provides a favorable environmen for bacteria, which is why bacterial infections are common in this area.
Why does sperm contain buffer?
So that the pH remains relatively constant when they eneter into the slightly more acidic enviroment of the vagina.
Why are the testicles located outside of the body?
Sperm must be kept at a lower temperature than body temperature
What are three of the five cells of Spermatogensis?
Spermatgogonia, Spermatids and Spermatozoa
What is the main hormone produced by the interstitial (Leydig) cells?
Testosterone
Why are men more prone to hernias in the groin than women?
The abdominal wall is weakened by the inguinal canal (where the testes descend).
What is spermogenesis?
The conversion of spermatids to spermatatozoa.
In which structure can sperm cells be stored for up to several months?
The epididymis
What are the 3 regions of the penis?
The root, the shaft, and the glans penis.
Why is the scrotum outside the body?
The sperm, which live in the testes located in the scrotum, have to be outside the body because they have to live in a cooler location, but when the scrotum is cold, the muscles contract and bring the sperm closer to the warmth of the body.
What is the relationship between the vas deferens and the spermatic cord?
The spermatic cord is formed by the vas deferens, arteries and veins, and surrounding tissue.
Are the organs in the reproductive system considered exocrine or endocrine glands?
They are considered endocrine glands since they produce sex hormones.
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
To get the sperm to the egg.
Why are circumcisions performed?
To reduce the risk of bacterial infections on the prepuce.
True or False: Prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic during the early stages.
True
True or False: In the male reproductive system urine and semen pass through same passageway
True
True or False: The prostate is superior to the testes.
True
True or False? The testes and epididymus are considered internal structures, as opposed to external structures, because they are derived from embryonic tissue found in the abdominal cavity.
True
True or false: Spermatogenesis is sperm cell production.
True
What is the name of the sex hormones in males? Females?
androgens; estrogens
Which of these structures form part of accessory glands of male reproductive system? Seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral gland All of above
d
What is the correct order of the path of sperm from the testis to the outside of the body?
epididymus - ductes deferens - ejaculatory duct - penis
Do cillia or flagella allow the sperm to move?
flagella
True or False a sperm is diploid.
haploid
What is acrosome?
located at the tip of the head, it contains enzymes that allow a sperm cell to penetrate the egg during fertilization.