LaunchPad: Chapter 10

What is the advantage of forcing materials to travel through cells instead of between cells? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. All of these choices are correct. Cells can control which materials are transported. Exposure to toxins is limited. Exposure to bacteria or viruses is limited.

All of these choices are correct.

Red blood cells are characterized as having an actin cytoskeleton associated with their plasma membrane. The presence of the membrane cytoskeleton most likely accounts for: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the ability of these cells to fit through narrow capillaries. enhanced gas exchange. the shape of the cell. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Microtubules can grow by addition of tubulin dimers to _______________BLANK, and they can shorten by removal of dimers from ______________BLANK. Question 4 choices Choice A., the plus end; the minus end Choice B., the minus end; the plus end Choice C., both plus and minus ends; the minus end Choice D., both plus and minus ends; both plus and minus ends Choice E., the plus end; both plus and minus ends

Choice D., both plus and minus ends; both plus and minus ends

The ability of microtubules to undergo rapid ___________BLANK and slower ____________BLANK is associated with the ability of the ______________BLANK to explore the cell and locate chromosomes. Question 3 choices Choice A., polymerization; depolymerization; microtubules Choice B., depolymerization; polymerization; spindle apparatus Choice C., synthesis; hydrolysis; cytoskeleton elements Choice D., synthesis; hydrolysis; microtubules

Choice B., depolymerization; polymerization; spindle apparatus

The plus ends of both microtubules and microfilaments differentiate from the minus ends: Question 5 choices Choice A., in that new tubulin or actin subunits are added rather than removed. Choice B., in that new tubulin or actin subunits are added more quickly. Choice C., in that the end that always grows in the direction the cell is moving.

Choice B., in that new tubulin or actin subunits are added more quickly.

Microfilaments help a cell ____________________BLANK Question 2 choices Choice A., strengthen the plasma membrane. Choice B., maintain its size and shape. Choice C., separate chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis.

Choice B., maintain its size and shape.

Which of the following would be more likely to cause development of a microvillus on an intestinal epithelial cell? Question 4 choices Choice A., plus (+) end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus and shrinkage at the minus (−) end , [Your answer, incorrect] Choice B., plus (+) end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus but no shrinkage at the minus (−) end , Choice C., minus end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus and shrinkage at the plus (+) end

Choice B., plus (+) end growth of microfilaments at the tip of the microvillus but no shrinkage at the minus (−) end ,

Microfilaments are composed of ____________BLANK in ____________BLANK arrangement. Question 1 choices Choice A., polymers of actin protein; a hollow tube-like Choice B., repeating actin subunits; a thin double-helix Choice C., polymers of tubulin; a double-helix Choice D., alpha and beta dimer subunits; a double-helix

Choice B., repeating actin subunits; a thin double-helix

In the image of a microtubule shown above, the plus and minus ends are labeled. If the motor protein shown is dynein, what can you say about the direction in which the vesicle is being carried? Question 6 choices Choice A., It can go in either direction on microtubules. Choice B., It is going to the right (toward the plus end). Choice C., It is going to the left (toward the minus end). Choice D., The direction cannot be determined from the data provided.

Choice C., It is going to the left (toward the minus end).

Which of the following best describes a role that microfilaments play in the structure and function of red blood cells? Question 5 choices Choice A., They anchor and orient the O2-bearing hemoglobin protein molecules. Choice B., They provide a track for directing O2 to the proper cellular locations. Choice C., They maintain the biconcave shape to maximize gas exchange.

Choice C., They maintain the biconcave shape to maximize gas exchange.

Microtubules form from dimers of _____BLANK and ______BLANK subunits that polymerize into a ____________BLANK. Question 1 choices Choice A., +tubulin; −tubulin; double helix Choice B., beta-tubulin; gamma-tubulin; beta sheet Choice C., alpha-tubulin; beta-tubulin; hollow tube Choice D., an amino acid; phosphate; double helix

Choice C., alpha-tubulin; beta-tubulin; hollow tube

Cell movement can be facilitated by microfilaments in what way? Question 3 choices Choice A., by gliding past each other using energy from ATP Choice B., by bending according to transmembrane signals Choice C., by dynamic growing and shrinking at the ends

Choice C., by dynamic growing and shrinking at the ends

Microtubules are __________BLANK because they __________BLANK and depolymerize at their ends. Question 2 choices Choice A., unstable; hydrolyze Choice B., stable; polymerize Choice C., dynamic; polymerize Choice D., dynamic; hydrolyze

Choice C., dynamic; polymerize

Contraction of muscles is an example of how the motor protein _______BLANK interacts with the cytoskeletal elements called _____________BLANK to produce movement. Question 1 choices Choice A., actin; dynein Choice B., myosin; dynein Choice C., myosin; actin filaments Choice D., dynein; microtubules Choice E., kinesin; microtubules

Choice C., myosin; actin filaments

he basis for movement of cilia and flagella is the interaction of the motor protein __________BLANK with the cytoskeletal elements called ____________BLANK. Question 2 choices Choice A., dynein; actin filaments Choice B., tubulin; dynein Choice C., myosin; actin filaments Choice D., dynein; microtubules Choice E., kinesin; microtubules

Choice D., dynein; microtubules

If the vesicle being carried in the figure above (in an animal cell) contains content that is to be excreted from the cell at the plasma membrane, it is probably being transported toward the __________BLANK by the motor protein ____________BLANK. Question 7 choices Choice A., left; dynein Choice B., left; kinesin Choice C., right; dynein Choice D., right; kinesin

Choice D., right; kinesin

Keratinocytes are pigment cells contained in the epidermis of skin. True False

False

What is the best characterization of the minus end of a dynamic filament? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. It is fast growing. It is slow growing. It is slow growing, and also loses its subunits quickly. It loses subunits quickly.

It is slow growing.

The extracellular matrix is composed of: (1) proteins; (2) polysaccharides; (3) nucleic acids. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Statement (3) is correct. Statement (1) is correct. All of these statements are correct. Statements (1) and (2) are correct. Statement (2) is correct.

Statements (1) and (2) are correct.

Motor proteins cause movement by: (1) undergoing a conformational change, (2) harnessing energy from ATP, (3) binding to the cytoskeleton. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Statements (1) and (2) are correct. Statements (1), (2) and (3) are correct. Statements (1) and (3) are correct. Statements (2) and (3) are correct.

Statements (1), (2) and (3) are correct.

Predict what would happen if an embryonic epidermal cell switched from expressing E-cadherin to N-cadherin. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. There would be no effect. The cell would become a neural cell. The cell would leave the epidermis and join the neural cells. The cell would die.

The cell would leave the epidermis and join the neural cells.

Which of the following statements about the skin is true? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The epidermis is made up of connective tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of epithelial tissue. The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue called connective tissue. The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue. The epidermis and the dermis are made of the same tissue called epithelial tissue.

The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue.

The area where the epidermis and the dermis meet is highly folded so that the epidermis "fits" into the dermis. What do you think is the function of this highly folded area? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The epidermis needs to obtain melanin, the pigment produced by melanocytes, which are located in the dermis. The highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of melanin that reaches the epidermis. The epidermis needs to send signals to the dermis, the highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of signals that can reach the dermis. The dermis needs to send signals to the epidermis, the highly folded area increases the surface area and hence the amount of signals that can reach the epidermis. The epidermis is the outer layer and is under constant physical stress. This highly folded area between the epidermis and the dermis gives the epidermis additional support and protection against abrasive stress.

The epidermis is the outer layer and is under constant physical stress. This highly folded area between the epidermis and the dermis gives the epidermis additional support and protection against abrasive stress.

Imagine that you are examining a mouse that does not produce basal lamina in the skin. How will this mouse be different from a normal, wild-type mouse? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The epidermis will not be connected to the dermis. The epidermis and dermis will be strongly connected. Cellular junctions will fail to form between the cells of the epidermis. The dermis will be disorganized and will lack blood vessels. All of these choices are correct.

The epidermis will not be connected to the dermis.

Gap junctions and plasmodesmata have what feature in common? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. They both attach to the cytoskeleton. They both are made up of protein subunits located in the plasma membrane. They are both found in plant cells. They both allow direct transport of materials between cells.

They both allow direct transport of materials between cells.

Which of the following is a false statement about the motor proteins myosin and kinesin? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. They both move along microtubules. They both move cargo to the plus end of a cytoskeletal filament. They both use ATP. None these statements about myosin and kinesin is false.

They both move cargo to the plus end of a cytoskeletal filament.

Many scientists are working to generate organs in vitro. In some cases, cells are seeded onto a "scaffold" shaped like the desired target organ. Such scaffolds are likely composed of extracellular matrix proteins. True False

True

An epithelial tissue is defined as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a collection of cells that lines cavities or outside surfaces. a collection of contractile cells. a few cells embedded into an extensive extracellular matrix. a network of cells that use chemical communication.

a collection of cells that lines cavities or outside surfaces.

A researcher is assessing the expression of a certain protein in cells. This protein appears as a "web" in the cytoplasm of cells. The protein is likely: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a component of the cytoskeleton. a component of the basal lamina. All of these choices are correct. a component of cell junctions. a component of the extracellular matrix.a component of the cytoskeleton.

a component of the cytoskeleton.

The basal lamina is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a specialized form of the extracellular matrix found only in the skin. a specialized form of the extracellular matrix found beneath all epithelial tissues. an area found beneath all connective tissues that help them adhere to underlying muscle. an area found wherever two different types of tissues meet.

a specialized form of the extracellular matrix found beneath all epithelial tissues.

What is a tubulin dimer?

alpha and beta together. ex. ying and yang

Microvilli are located on the ______ of a cell. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. basement membrane adjacent surface apical surface basolateral surface

apical surface

Which of the following cytoskeletal elements is capable of assembling and disassembling in the cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. intermediate filaments both microtubules and microfilaments microfilaments microtubules

both microtubules and microfilaments

Which one of the following cytoskeletal elements is associated with supporting the movement of materials inside the cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. both microtubules and microfilaments microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments

both microtubules and microfilaments

Within the plant cell wall, the primary cell wall contains ______, and the secondary cell wall is composed of ______. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. only pectin; only lignin only lignin; only cellulose only cellulose; only lignin both pectin and cellulose; both lignin and cellulose both lignin and cellulose; pectin and cellulose

both pectin and cellulose; both lignin and cellulose

The natural loss of dead cells from the surface of your skin is a result of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. both the loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells, and the breakdown of desmosomes. breakdown of desmosomes. loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells. loss of microvilli.

both the loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells, and the breakdown of desmosomes.

The classic experiment using isolated cells from two species of sponges provided evidence that: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cell adhesion molecules are species specific. cell adhesion molecules are non-specific. sponge cells have cell adhesion molecules. sponge cells posses an extracellular matrix.

cell adhesion molecules are species specific.

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix produced by an animal cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. collagen cellulose All of these choices are correct. cadherin

collagen

A researcher is studying a population of cells that are shaped normally, but appear to slide past one another. This is likely the result of mutations in genes encoding: components of the extracellular matrix. components of the cytoskeleton. components of microvilli. components of cell junctions. components of both the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton.

components of cell junctions.

A pathologist is carrying out an autopsy. Upon opening the chest cavity, the pathologist sees a thick, fibrous tissue surrounding the heart. This is likely: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. epithelial tissue. neural tissue. connective tissue. muscle tissue.

connective tissue.

Which of the following structures are responsible for the shape of a cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cytoskeleton cell junctions microvilli organelles

cytoskeleton

Which motor protein(s) would you find in a flagellum? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. dynein myosin kinesin both myosin and dynein

dynein

Many scientists use a specific type of mouse cell to coat the surface of petri dishes. These cells form a layer on which other kinds of cells, often of different species, can adhere and grow. The mouse cells used to coat petri dishes are likely: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hepatocytes. melanocytes. epidermal cells. microvilli. fibroblasts.

fibroblasts

Which one of the following is not a cellular function of microfilaments? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. muscle contraction flagellar movement transport of vesicles formation of daughter cells following mitosis

flagellar movement

Where would you find a cell adhesion molecule? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. in a cilium in the microvilli near the centrosome in a cell junction

in a cell junction

In skin, the cells of the epidermis connect to the basal lamina through cellular junctions known as hemidesmosomes. Select the cytoskeletal element that helps maintain the integrity of this connection. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. microtubules both intermediate filaments and microfilaments microfilaments intermediate filaments

intermediate filaments

Which one of the cytoskeletal elements is associated with providing the cell with mechanical strength? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. microtubules microfilaments microtubules and microfilaments intermediate filaments

intermediate filaments

Myosin is a motor protein that associates with: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. intermediate filaments. microtubules. microfilaments. vimentin.

microfilaments

Kinesin is a motor protein found attached to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. microfilaments. intermediate filaments. microtubules. tubulin.

microtubules

Which is the correct order of cytoskeletal filaments in decreasing filament diameter? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. microfilaments %u2192 microtubules %u2192 intermediate filaments microtubules %u2192 intermediate filaments %u2192 microfilaments microtubules %u2192 microfilaments %u2192 intermediate filaments intermediate filaments %u2192 microfilaments %u2192 microtubules

microtubules %u2192 intermediate filaments %u2192 microfilaments

Dynamic instability is the rapid assembly and disassembly of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. microfilaments. intermediate filaments. microtubules. both microfilaments and microtubules.

microtubules.

Dynein is a motor protein found attached to: microfilaments. lamin. microtubules. intermediate filaments.

microtubules.

Macrophage cells undergo a process called phagocytosis in which material is brought into a cell in the form of membrane vesicles and then transported along microtubules toward the cell center. Assuming that the centrosome is near the cell center, you can predict that these vesicles are moving to the _____ end of microtubules using the motor protein _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. plus end; dynein minus end; dynein minus end; kinesin plus end; kinesin

minus end; dynein

Which one of the following is not a cellular function associated with microtubules? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. muscle contraction organization of organelles chromosome segregation movement of cilia and flagella

muscle contraction

what direction does kinesin go to

plus end

A cadherin protein can only bind to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. another cadherin. the extracellular matrix. the extracellular domain of the same type of cadherin. another cadherin of a different type.

the extracellular domain of the same type of cadherin.

The most likely reason(s) a metastatic tumor cell might lose its connection to the basal lamina would be: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a change in the composition of the basal lamina. the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface. a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface. the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface, or a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface.

the loss of integrin proteins from the cell's surface, or a change in the type of integrin proteins present on the cell's surface.

Which layer of the extracellular matrix of a plant provides the greatest strength? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the primary cell wall the secondary cell wall the plasma membrane the middle lamella

the secondary cell wall

How do cells connect to the extracellular matrix? through gap junctions through integrins through cadherins through tight junctions

through integrins