Layers Of The TCP/IP Model

TRANSPORT LAYER

The Transport layer provides connection establishment and communication services. It also defines protocols for end-to-end transfer of data, along with error and flow controls. In the TCP/IP model, there are two transport layer protocols: TCP and UDP.

TCP/IP

- A reference model that describes the process of network communication based on the TCP/IP suite of network protocols. - Because it provides the basic framework for Internet communications, TCP/IP is sometimes also referred to as the Internet Protocol Suite. - 4 layers: Application, Transport, Internet, & Network Interface layers.

ENCAPSUATION

Same as for the OSI model. The application interfaces with the Application layer, then the data is passed down to the Transport and Internet layers, and then forwarded to the Physical layer for transmission. When the destination device receives the data, the same process occurs across the destination device's TCP/IP layers - but in reverse.

APPLICATION LAYER

The Application layer provides definition of protocols for file, mail, and hypertext transfer. It also handles the encoding of data, controls the sessions, and defines socket services and other utilities over TCP/IP.

INTERNET LAYER

The Internet layer provides addressing and routing services. It also controls congestion on the network. This layer involves transferring data from a source to a destination network when multiple networks are connected together.

NETWORK INTERFACE LAYER

The Internet layer provides addressing and routing services. It also controls congestion on the network. This layer involves transferring data from a source to a destination network when multiple networks are connected together.