LE Special tests (what it tests and positive test results)

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Special Test: Faber Test

AKA: Figure 4 or Patrick's test! Purpose: sacroiliac joint pain Positive result: pain

Wilson's Test

Indicates: Osteochondritis Dessicans*** (location is the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle) Pt. seated, actively extends flexed knee with tibia internally rotated. When 30 degrees is reached the pain increases and is relieved by externally rotating the tibia Positive: Pain Decreases

Special Test: Tinel's Sign (ankle)

PURPOSE: Check for tarsal tunnel syndrome POSITIVE RESULT: Complaints of localized nerve tenderness

Special Test: Thomas Test

PURPOSE: Evaluate length of iliopsoas POSITIVE RESULT: If pt cannot keep low back and sacrum against the table

Special Test: Valgus Stress Test

PURPOSE: Integrity of MCL POSITIVE RESULT: Pain along MCL

SPECIAL TEST: Straight Leg Raise Test

PURPOSE: Test for Hamstring Tightness POSITIVE Results: hip flexion less than 68 degrees

SPECIAL TEST: Ober Test

PURPOSE: Test for IT Band Tightness POSITIVE Results: Inability of the leg to adduct and touch the table

SPECIAL TEST: Ely's Test

PURPOSE: Test for Rectus Femoris Length/Tightness POSITIVE Results: if there's attempted hip flexion with the knee flexion that is performed

Special test: Talar tilt

PURPOSE: test for injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle.

Special Test: Slump Test

PURPOSE: test for neural tension POSITIVE RESULT: pain

Zohler's Sign

Pain is indicative of a positive test for patellar chondromalacia. Patient supine with the knees extended. The examiner pulls the patella distally and holds it in this position. Patient is asked to contract the quadriceps.

Special test: pivot-shift test

Purpose: Anterolateral rotatory instability, rupture of the ACL Positive test: when knee flexes tibia clunks backward at approximately 30° - 40°.

Special test: reverse Lachman's

Purpose: PCL integrity Positive test: ligament laxity

Special test: Noble test

Purpose: assess for IT band friction syndrome Positive test: Pain produced over the distal IT band, before 30 degrees short of knee extension is a positive test.

Special test: Dial test of knee

Purpose: assess rotary instability of the knee Positive result: if there's 10+ degrees of ER

Special test: McMurray test

Purpose: check for meniscus tear Positive test: pain

Special Test: Varus Stress Test

Purpose: check integrity of LCL Positive test: pain if varus force at knee

Special Test: Squeeze Test

Purpose: identify syndesmotic injuries Positive result: pain in syndesmosis

Special test: Lachman's test

Purpose: integrity of ACL Positive result: excessive/lax movement or lack of firm end feel

Special test: Anterior Drawer Test of knee

Purpose: integrity of ACL Positive test: lack of end feel

Special Test: Posterior Drawer of knee

Purpose: integrity of PCL Positive result: no end feel

Special test: Dial test of hip

Purpose: laxity of the anterior hip capsule and iliofemoral ligament. Positive result: ROM greater than 45 degrees and no rebound back to neutral

Special Test: Homan's Sign

Purpose: may indicate presence of DVT Positive test: deep calf pain and tenderness

Special Test - Piriformis test

Purpose: piriformis tightness or compression on the sciatic nerve caused by the piriformis positive test: is indicated by pain or tightness

Special test: hip scour/quadrant test

Purpose: see if hip is a source of pain/OA of hip Positive result: pain

Special test: Thompson test

Purpose: test for achilles tendon rupture Positive result: if ankle DOES NOT plantar flex

Special Test: Tap Test

Purpose: test for fracture of LE Positive result: pain (?)

Special Test: Trendelenburg Test

Purpose: test for glute med tendon tear and weak ABDs Positive result: pelvic drop or when pt's trunk leans to the same side of the leg that's standing

Special test: Thessaly test

Purpose: test for meniscus tear Positive result: if there's pain in joint line

Special test: Calf squeeze

Purpose: test if there's a ruptured achilles tendon Positive result: if ankle remains still

Special test: Anterior drawer for ankle

Purpose: test integrity of ATFL (anterior talo-fibular ligament) Positive result: If talus moves

Special Test - Craig's test

Purpose: tests for femoral anteversion Positive test: if the angle is greater than 8-15 degrees

Special test: Windlass test

Purpose: tests for plantar fasciitis Positive test: heel pain reproduced with passive dorsiflexion of the toes

Special test: tripod sign

Purpose: to limit effect of tight hamstrings Positive test: tightness in the hamstrings or extension of the trunk

Kleiger's Test (External Rotation Test)

Purpose: used for the diagnosis of a medial ankle sprain, to assess the deltoid ligament sprain and inferior tibiofibular syndesmotic sprain With lower leg stabilized, foot is rotated laterally to stress the deltoid Positive test: pain medially, pain may also radiate upward to the leg depending on the severity of the injury.

Gillet's test

Testing for SI joint dysfunction, accesses posterior movement of the ilium relative to the sacrum


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