Leadership Ch 4

The first chapter of the American Red Cross was established by A.Clara Barton. B.Sairy Gamp. C.Dorothea Lynde Dix. D.Florence Nightingale.

A.Clara Barton. RAT: Clara Barton established the first chapter of the American Red Cross. Sairy Gamp was a fictional character in Charles Dickens' novel Martin Chuzzlewit. Dorothea Lynde Dix was appointed superintendent of nurses and organized a corps of female nurses during the Civil War. Florence Nightingale nursed wounded soldiers during the Crimean War.

The emergence of modern nursing is usually attributed to the influence of A.Florence Nightingale. B.Clara Barton. C.Lillian Wald. D.Sairy Gamp.

A.Florence Nightingale. RAT: Miss Nightingale's insistence that nurses be women of good character helped nursing emerge from its "Dark Ages" and elevated it to a respectable vocation. In addition, she established a school for nurse training and wrote several books on nursing. Although Barton and Wald are positive examples in nursing history, neither influenced nursing to the extent that Nightingale did. Sairy Gamp is a negative character associated with nursing history.

The role of self-defined practical nurses throughout history has been to A.care for the ill, injured, and dying and birthing mothers. B.compete with physicians and surgeons. C.perform complex nursing skills independently. D. make contact with the gods on behalf of the ill person.

A.care for the ill, injured, and dying and birthing mothers. RAT: History has seen people called attendants, midwives, and self-proclaimed nurses who had special skills in helping those who were ill. These self-proclaimed nurses were the original home health nurses and visiting nurses, who cared for patients who were ill, injured, or dying and mothers who were giving birth. The other options were never considered roles of the practical nurse.

A major reason for LPN/LVN graduates to join nursing organizations is that membership A.keeps one updated on issues that affect practical nursing. B.enhances one's standing among registered nurses. C.provides an opportunity to draft legislation for health care workers. D.encourages practical nurses to expand their social horizons.

A.keeps one updated on issues that affect practical nursing. RAT: Membership in a nursing organization provides access to information relevant to the standing, as well as the practice, of nursing. Proposed changes in the Nurse Practice Act can be disseminated and the organization can use its collective power to support or call for defeat of such measures. The greater the membership in an organization, the greater the political power the group has. The other options are not considered major reasons for belonging to a nursing organization.

In what year was practical nurse licensure used for the first time? A.1903 B.1914 C.1938 D.1941

B.1914 RAT: Mississippi law provided for practical nurse licensure in 1914.

When permitted by the state Nurse Practice Act, under what conditions can the LPN/LVN perform complex nursing skills not taught in the basic educational program? A.When ordered to do so by the attending physician B.When the task is delegated to a competent LPN/LVN by a supervising RN C.When the LPN/LVN has graduated from a nursing program accredited by the National League for Nursing D.When the state of practice has declared a severe nursing shortage

B.When the task is delegated to a competent LPN/LVN by a supervising RN RAT: Delegation, if allowed by the Nurse Practice Act of the state, can take place if the RN teaches the skill, observes a return demonstration, documents the teaching/learning process in the LPN/LVN's file, and provides ongoing direct supervision. LPN/LVNs are under the direct supervision of professional nurses. Accreditation of the school does not confer the right to accept delegation. Nursing shortages cannot dictate the acceptability of delegation.

The first formal training for practical nurses focused on A.care for victims of war injuries. B.home care for children and people with chronic illness. C.training visiting nurses and public health nurses. D.creating nursing instructors for nursing programs.

B.home care for children and people with chronic illness. RAT: The school at the Brooklyn YWCA placed the focus of training for practical nurses on home health care for patients with chronic illness, the aged, and children. The first program, created in 1892, was not affected by war. When visiting nurses and public health nurses went into the community, they were armed with their basic education, as described. Any trained nurse could teach in a practical nurse program at this point in time.

The event that had the most profound influence in changing practical/vocational nursing was A.the depression of the 1930s, when nurses worked for room and board in lieu of salary. B.the post−World War II movement of practical/vocational nurses into hospital positions. C.the American Medical Association (AMA) proposal to develop registered care technicians as new health care workers. D.the first computer-adaptive test for practical/vocational nursing graduates.

B.the post−World War II movement of practical/vocational nurses into hospital positions. RAT: The nursing shortage following World War II was responsible for hospitals hiring practical/vocational nurses and for the gradual expansion of the role of the practical/vocational nurse. None of the other options offered had the same degree of influence as World War II and the subsequent nursing shortage.

Which statement best explains the "entry into practice" controversy? A.Nursing shortages would be relieved if all nurses entered into practice as LPN/LVNs. B.The return to self-proclaimed nurses would save scarce health care dollars. C."Entry into practice" refers to discerning the educational level most appropriate for entry into the practice of nursing: ADN, BSN, MSN. D.After graduation, all professional and vocational nurses should enter practice by serving a 1-year internship in a hospital setting.

C."Entry into practice" refers to discerning the educational level most appropriate for entry into the practice of nursing: ADN, BSN, MSN.

When was the first U.S. school of practical nursing founded? A.1830 B.1853 C.1892 D.1902

C.1892 RAT: The first class for formal training of practical nurses was offered in 1892 at the YWCA in Brooklyn, NY.

When in history was it first recommended that tasks of the RN and LPN be differentiated and that practical nurses should function under the supervision of registered nurses? A.1750-1760 B.1826-1850 C.1949-1950 D.1965-1980

C.1949-1950 RAT: In 1949, the Joint Committee on Practical Nurses and Auxiliary Workers in Nursing Services recommended the title licensed practical nurse to differentiate between the tasks of PNs and LPNs; the joint committee also recommended that LPNs work under the supervision of RNs.

The best reason for studying nursing history is A.to prepare for the NCLEX-PN examination. B.to make nurses more professional. C.to help nurses adapt to change. D. to learn from nursing's past mistakes.

C.to help nurses adapt to change. RAT: Knowledge of the changes that have occurred in nursing prepares one to better understand and adapt to continuing changes. The other options have lesser degrees of validity.

The "first real school of nursing" was located in A.Israel. B.Greece. C.Italy. D.Germany.

D.Germany. RAT: The first real school of nursing was founded by the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses under the supervision of a German pastor, Theodor Fleidner, in Kaiserswerth, Germany. The other options are incorrect.

Which was the first state to pass a law licensing practical nurses? A.Alabama B.California C.New York D.Mississippi

D.Mississippi

The event that had the greatest influence on the role of practical nurses in modern hospital nursing was A.the Crusades. B.the Industrial Revolution. C.the U.S. Civil War. D.World War II.

D.World War II. RAT: World War II and the shortage of nurses it created greatly expanded the practice sites available to practical nurses. In the face of the nursing shortage, hospitals gradually increased the responsibilities designated for the practical nurse. The other options had a lesser impact on modern hospital nursing.

Which individuals made significant contributions to nursing? (Select all that apply.)

Lillian Wald Linda Richards Mary Mahoney

Practical nurses are referred to as those who, from the beginning of time, chose (or were appointed) to care for individuals who were ill, injured, dying, or having babies. Names used to designate this person have included which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Midwife Attendant Trained nurse Practical nurse Self-proclaimed nurse

After licensing, the LPN/LVN is permitted to perform complex nursing skills as delegated by the registered nurse (RN) and allowed by the ____________________.

Nurse Practice Act

Which of the following are major concerns associated with the present nursing shortage? (Select all that apply.)

Patient safety High patient acuity. High nurse-to-patient ratios High stress among nurses