Leadership TP Study Guide Test 2
Directive Leadership.
Followers: Adhere to a set of codes, opinionated, Authoritarian. Task; Unclear, Ambiguous, Complex, Provides guidance and psychological structure.
Participative Leadership.
Followers: Autonomous. Need for control. Need for clarity. Task Unclear, Ambiguous, Unstructured, Provides involvement.
Achievement Oriented.
Followers: High expectations, Need to excel , Task: Ambiguous, Challenging, Complex, Provides challenges.
Supportive Leadership.
Followers: Need human connection and belonging, Unsatisfied in the work environment. Task: Repetitive, Lacks challenge, Mundane, Provides nurture for followers.
Key Factors of Transformational Leaders.
Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration.
Two. Type of Dyads.
In-Group Linkage: Expanded and negotiated role responsibilities Willingness to go beyond the job description Receive more information, influence, confidence, and concern for their leader Do extra things for the leader
Path Goal Theory of Leadership.
KEY-The leader has the responsibility to design and facilitate a healthy work environment that propels followers toward success. KEY-instead of focusing on the leaders, tasks and relationships, this theory focuses on the followers.
Names and definitions of LMX roles.
Leader Member Exchange; Theory that conceptualizes leadership as a process between leaders and followers; Previous theories focused on ? Focuses on interactions between followers and leaders.
How is Liden's servant leadership model is "trait-like"?
Leader attributes are part of the antecedent conditions.
Which is an antecedent condition?
Leader attributes.
Characteristics of Authentic Leadership.
Understand their purpose; Strong values; Trusting relationships; Self-discipline; Act from the heart mission.
According to path-goal theory, when a follower encounters some type of obstacle at work, the leader should help. What are two actions the leader can take?
figuring out what the problems are, and what to do to solve them.
Weaknesses of Servant Leadership.
1. Because the name appears contradictory, SL may be seen as whimsical, or not really "leadership." 2. Researchers are unable to reach consensus on a common definition or theoretical framework for SL. 3. The prescriptive overtone suggests that good leaders "put others first," which conflicts with other principles of leadership such as directing, concern for production, and so on. It can also sound moralistic, which may deter some researchers. 4. Conceptualizing is not unique to servant leaders. It is unclear why it is included in this model.
Strengths of LMX.
1. Description is strong in explaining how in-group members accomplish more than other followers. 2. Clear focus on the relationship between leaders and followers, including communication. 3. Many studies support that high quality leader exchanges are correlated to positive organizational outcomes.
Strengths of Authentic Leadership.
1. Fulfills society's expressed need for trustworthy leadership. 2. Provides broad guidelines for those who want to become authentic leaders. 3. Authentic Leadership has an explicit moral dimension; focused on collective good. 4. Unlike traits that only some people exhibit. 5. Can be measured using an established instrument.
Name and define the four factors of transformational leadership.
1. Individualized Consideration - as leader you mentor your team; 2. Intellectual Stimulation - your leadership encourages innovation; 3. Inspirational Motivation - this forms the foundation of your transformational leadership in the promotion to your members of a consistent vision or mission; 4. Idealized Influence - as leader your influence is based on members seeing you as a role model they want to emulate.
Weaknesses of LMX.
1. Is it fair? Perceived inequalities. 2. Fails to explain specifics of how to create high-quality exchanges. 3. Does the survey and research instruments fully capture all the complexities that go into these leader-follower relationships?
Weaknesses of Authentic Leadership.
1. Lacks clarity as it is challenging to define the exact characteristics. 2. How it is measured and researched-MLQ. 3. Personality trait or predisposition rather than a behavior. 4. Are they actually transforming leaders and organizations? 5. Impression that leaders acting independent of followers or putting himself/herself above the followers' needs.
Strengths of Servant Leadership.
1. Makes altruism the central component of the leadership process. 2. Provides a counter intuitive approach to the use of influence. Leaders should share control. 3. SL is not a panacea. It may not be effective when subordinates are not open to being guided, supported, and empowered. 4. Research has resulted in a sound measure of SL--the SLQ.
Strengths of Path Goal Theory.
1. Useful theoretical framework in understanding how leadership style affects followers' satisfaction and work performance. Demands of the task, Type of followers doing the task, 2. Integrates Motivation Theory into a leadership theory. 3. Very Practical Model.
Weaknesses of Path-Goal Theory.
1. Very complex and confusing. 2. Claims are tentative-lack of full and consistent picture. 3. It doesn't account for gender differences in the research. 4. It doesn't tell leaders how to ensure their followers will feel competent. 5. Overly helpful-will followers become too dependent on the leader?
Strengths of Transformational Leadership.
1. Widely researched. 2. Initiative Appeal and Attractive. 3. Process that occurs between leaders and followers. 4. Provides broad view of leadership. 5. Strong emphasis on followers' needs. 6. Substantial evidence that it is effective.
Weaknesses of Transformational Leadership.
1. it is challenging to define the exact characteristics. 2. How it is measured and researched-MLQ. 3. Personality trait or predisposition rather than a behavior. 4. Are they actually transforming leaders? 5. Impression that leaders acting independent of followers.
In George's model of authentic leadership, the central component or as he called it "true north" is ______.
A leader's clear sense of values and appropriate behaviors.
Definition of laissez-faire.
Absence of Leadership; "hands-off, let things ride" Avoids responsibility, delays, decisions, gives no feedback, and makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs. Thoughts? Examples?
What is the factor in authentic leadership that describes major events that shape people's lives?
Act as a catalyst for change. People attach insights to their life experiences. When people tell life stories they gain clarity about who they are. Stimulate personal growth.
Authentic Leadership.
Authentic Leadership--focuses on whether leadership is genuine. Interest in Authentic Leadership. Increasing in recent times due to social upheavals, People longing for trustworthy leaders, Identified earlier in transformational leadership research but not studied separately.
List the 4 factors of pseudo-transformational leadership.
Self-consumed; Exploitive; Power-oriented; Warped moral values.
Burns, when discussing leadership in the context of what is now termed transformational leadership, ______.
Charismatic Leadership.
Personality characteristics of charismatic leadership?
Charismatic leaders tie followers and their self-concepts to the organizational identity.
Some of the main concepts of authentic leadership were identified earlier as a part of which approach?
Critical Life Events: Positive or negative. Act as a catalyst for change. People attach insights to their life experiences. When people tell life stories they gain clarity about who they are. Stimulate personal growth.
Which type of leadership is most similar to transformational leadership?
Described as similar to Transformational Leadership. Charisma-special gift that certain individuals possess that gives them a capacity to do extraordinary things. What does this sound like? Even with focus on charisma as a personality trait, Weber states that followers play an important role in validating charisma in leaders.
Components and results of leadership exchanges.
Dyad=linkage=relationships The leader forms an individualized working relationship with each follower. The exchanges between the leader and follower define their relationship. The leader forms a unique relationship with each follower and each relationship has its own characteristics.
Transformational Leadership.
Leadership is a process that changes and transforms people. An exceptional form of influence that moves followers to accomplish more than what is usually expected of them. Charisma and visionary leadership are key aspects.
Characteristics of Servant Leadership.
Listening--acknowledging the viewpoint of followers and validating these perspectives. Empathy--"standing in the shoes" of another person and attempting to see the world from that person's point of view. Healing--in helping followers become whole, servant leaders are themselves healed. Awareness--understanding oneself and the impact one has on others.
One Type of Dyads.
Out-group Linkage: Defined roles based on the employee contract Less compatible with the leader Come to work, do their job, and go home.
Four Components of Authentic Leadership.
Self-awareness: Reflecting on one's core values, identity, emotions, motives Being aware of and trusting one's own feelings. Internalized moral perspective: Self-regulatory process using internal moral standards to guide behavior. Balanced processing: Ability to analyze information objectively and explore other people's opinions before making a decision. Relational transparency: Being open and honest in presenting one's true self to others.
Servant Leadership.
Servant Leadership--is a paradox: both service and influence. Interest in Servant Leadership Most scholarship has been prescriptive, until recently, Focuses on leadership from the point of view of the leader and his/her behaviors, Servant leaders put followers first.
What is servant leadership's role in society?
Servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that enriches the lives of individuals, builds better organizations and ultimately creates a more just and caring world.
What does Greenleaf credits his early formulation of servant leadership to?
The Journey to the East.
The role of motivation theory in path-goal leadership theory.
The Path-Goal Theory ensures that leaders can improve the output of their organization by influencing their employees and guiding them to their goal.
List three strengths of LMX theory of leadership.
The goal of LMX theory is to explain the effects of leadership on members, teams, and organizations. According to the theory, leaders form strong trust, emotional, and respect-based relationships.
Leader-Member Exchange Theory of Leadership.
Theory that conceptualizes leadership as a process between leaders and followers. Previous theories focused on ? Focuses on interactions between followers and leaders.
Leader-Member Exchange Theory.
Theory that conceptualizes leadership as a process between leaders and followers. Previous theories focused on ? Focuses on interactions between followers and leaders.
Path Goal Theory.
Theory that discusses how leaders motivate followers to accomplish specified goals. Enhance follower's performance and satisfaction by focusing on the follower's motivation and the nature of the tasks the follower has to do.
What are four components of authentic leadership? Also, define each component.
There are four core components of authentic leadership: self-awareness, internalized moral perspective, balanced processing and relational transparency.