Lean Six Sigma Green Belt

In creating a template for the majority of Six Sigma presentations, what should the title slide do? Select one: a. Look ahead to your goals. b. Outline your background. c. Ask a question. d. State who you are.

c. Ask a question.

What type of information is offered by FMEA? Select one: a. SIPPC b. SIPOC c. SPPIC d. SIOPC

b. SIPOC

What hypothesis looks at data that is not normal? Select one: a. Null b. Void c. Alternative d. Unexpected

c. Alternative

What is an ideal presentation length when presenting on a process, project, or statistical analysis? Select one: a. 10 to 20 minutes b. 30 to 45 minutes c. An hour and a half d. Two hours

a. 10 to 20 minutes

In a graphical representation, the Cauchy distribution often resembles what? Select one: a. A graphical representation often looks like an elongated normal curve with a tighter peak. b. A graphical representation often looks like a short normal curve with a weak peak. c. A graphical representation often resembles a straight line without a peak. d. A graphical representation often resembles an elongated normal curve without a peak.

a. A graphical representation often looks like an elongated normal curve with a tighter peak.

What do descriptive statistics describe? Select one: a. A set of data b. General conclusions from data c. Likelihood of an outcome d. Types of events

a. A set of data

What is the downside to using a bar chart? Select one: a. Bar charts fail to reveal key information about trends that are not part of the specific design of the chart and rarely provide detailed data. b. Bar charts are hard to read and harder to use as teams proceed with the process. c. Bar charts reveal too much information and it often confuses team members, supervisors, and the process owner. d. Bar charts are too simple and often are easily mishandled in both presentation and creation.

a. Bar charts fail to reveal key information about trends that are not part of the specific design of the chart and rarely provide detailed data.

What are box plots are often called? Select one: a. Box-and-Whisker graph b. Ranking graphs c. analytical graph d. Growth graphs

a. Box-and-Whisker graph

Which chart type lets you track the number of defects per sample? Select one: a. C-Chart b. NP-Chart c. U-Chart d. P-Chart

a. C-Chart

What is an aspect of the sample variance test sample size calculation? Select one: a. Comparing means from two sets of data b. Comparing variance from infinite sets of data c. Comparing variance of one data set d. Comparing variance from two sets of data

a. Comparing means from two sets of data

Which of the following scenarios lends itself to using X-bar and R Chart control charts? Select one: a. Data count in each subgroup is less than 8 b. Data is static c. Data cannot be grouped into subgroups, letting you chart the mean of each group d. Data count in each subgroup is more than 100

a. Data count in each subgroup is less than 8

What is the first step in completing a solutions selection matrix? Select one: a. Entering the problem statement in the first column b. Entering the teams members in the first column c. Entering multiple problem statement in the first column d. Entering validated information in the first column

a. Entering the problem statement in the first column

What is the name of the software that offers easy access to control charting? Select one: a. Minitab b. Word c. Excel d. Microsoft project management

a. Minitab

The Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit test looks at which two types of hypothesis? Select one: a. Null and Alternative b. Average and Unexpected c. Null and Void d. Alternative and Average

a. Null and Alternative

Teams pilot solutions through what processes? Select one: a. Through beta tests or small roll outs, collect data on the solution, and verify that the solution is working as expected. b. Through beta tests or medium roll outs, collect data on the solution, and have a supervisor verify that the solution is working as expected. c. Through beta tests or small roll outs, and communication with the process owner to ensure that the solution is working as expected. d. Through full roll outs while collecting data on the solution, and verify that the solution is working as expected.

a. Through beta tests or small roll outs, collect data on the solution, and verify that the solution is working as expected

True or False: A Project (team) Charter is a long and heavily detailed document that includes as much information as possible about the team and what they plan to accomplish. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True

Teams do not have to do what for every change they make? Select one: a. pilot b. process c. plot d. notate

a. pilot

What does the 1-proportion test compare? Select one: a. proportions, percents, or rates between samples and a target b. x factors between multiple samples c. standard deviation among multiple samples d. the proportion of the sample to the population for one factor

a. proportions, percents, or rates between samples and a target

What is an attribute of beta distributions? Select one: a. Beta distributions are considered confusing but extremely flexible. b. Beta distributions are considered extremely flexible, and can become stand-ins for other distributions given certain statistical parameters. c. Beta distributions are considered extremely difficult. d. Beta distributions are considered somewhat flexible, and do not act as stand-ins for other distributions given certain statistical parameters.

b. Beta distributions are considered extremely flexible, and can become stand-ins for other distributions given certain statistical parameters.

As a Six Sigma expert, which of these is important not to allow? Select one: a. Showing up to meetings late. b. Biases to force statistical conclusions that aren't supported by the data. c. Input from other Six Sigma Certified experts. d. Allowing other professionals to assist with gathering and analyzing statistical Information.

b. Biases to force statistical conclusions that aren't supported by the data.

On X-bar & R Chart generations, data is grouped in all EXCEPT which of the following? Select one: a. Average number of customers each day b. Defects per day c. Production mean per hour d. Average answer speed of phones per hour

b. Defects per day

The failure mode and effect analysis tool is used in which phase? Select one: a. Only in define phase b. In the measure phase c. In any phase from define to analyze d. In the control phase

b. In the measure phase

Financial benefits do not only include increases in what? Select one: a. Sum of squares b. Revenue c. Standard deviations d. Cost

b. Revenue

A scattered diagram with a horizontal trend line means: Select one: a. There is a relationship between one variable and not the other. b. There is no correlation between two variables c. There are too many variables to choose from. d. The data used to create the graph was wrong.

b. There is no correlation between two variables

What is the Confidence Interval also known as? Select one: a. confidence in information b. margin of error c. interior information d. exact information

b. margin of error

Which format is required for the variables in order to work with regression analysis? Select one: a. coded format b. numerical format c. Word format d. alphabetical format

b. numerical format

What type of factors do the teams set up the experiments for? Select one: a. two factors b. one and multiple factors c. multiple factors d. one factor

b. one and multiple factors

What is calculated by using alpha and beta risk? Select one: a. r-value b. p-value c. X-Value d. n-value

b. p-value

Which of the following is NOT an important component of a Project (team) Charter? Select one: a. a complete and concise problem statement b. team project ground rules c. a list of both internal and external process customers d. An estimation of duration (time).

b. team project ground rules

What is the reason teams use graphs? Select one: a. A graph is visually unappealing but is the best practice when presenting the process to the process owner. b. A graph is the easiest way to measure an individual's input when sharing with their team members. c. A graph is visually appealing and quicker to read than data tables. d. A graph is easier to place input and show progression to present to the supervisor of the team.

c. A graph is visually appealing and quicker to read than data tables.

Why would teams require a more complex analysis? Select one: a. A more complex analysis might be required in order for the teams' supervisor to approve the process. b. A more complex analysis assists teams as they continue the process with a better understanding. c. A more complex analysis may be required to discover outliers, relationships, and trends. d. A more complex analysis may be required in order to show the process owner the progress of the process.

c. A more complex analysis may be required to discover outliers, relationships, and trends.

What is the analytical tool that allows teams to propose and rank solutions for any of the root causes identified in the analyze phase? Select one: a. A dialogue box b. A worksheet c. A solutions selection matrix d. A probability matrix

c. A solutions selection matrix

How is the best way to display a control chart? Select one: a. By using hard-copies that can be passed out to team members, supervisor, and process owner. b. By using PowerPoint or spreadsheets that are easily shared by teams for the process owner's approval. c. By using an automated reporting system or dashboard, where process owners or responsible employees can view it as needed. d. By using email correspondence to keep records within the teams, as well as the supervisor.

c. By using an automated reporting system or dashboard, where process owners or responsible employees can view it as needed.

What do inferential statistics involve? Select one: a. Random samplings of data involving a larger population b. Basic probability of an outcome c. Calculations and resulting numbers that draw general conclusions d. Any set of data

c. Calculations and resulting numbers that draw general conclusions

Which of the following is NOT an important goal of the define phase? Select one: a. Setting team rules b. Creating a solid project charter c. Data collection d. Identifying stakeholders and customers

c. Data collection

Select the control chart that allows you to evaluate data that cannot be easily grouped into reasonable subgroups and tracks individual data points. Select one: a. X-bar & R Chart b. P-Chart c. I & MR Chart d. X-bar & S Chart

c. I & MR Chart

Executive leadership often want to know audit results, first-run yields, scrap rates, or defect rates, all of which can be illustrated with ____________. (Fill in the blank from one of the following answers.) Select one: a. NP-Chart b. C-Chart c. P-Chart d. Excel charts

c. P-Chart

In which control chart type is data discrete rather than variable (continuous)? Select one: a. X-bar & S Chart b. I & MR Chart c. P-Chart d. X-bar & R Chart

c. P-Chart

What control chart type presents data as a percent (percent defective) rather than a count? Select one: a. X-bar & S Chart b. X-bar & R Chart c. P-Chart d. I & MR Chart

c. P-Chart

What analysis indicates that timely filing issues were a root cause for high claims denials? Select one: a. Cumulative Density Function b. cost benefits analysis c. Pareto analysis d. a solutions selection matrix

c. Pareto analysis

You may use excel to calculate regression or _______ future trends by creating a Time line fit plot Select one: a. Cancel b. Focus on c. Predict d. Delay

c. Predict

How should process capability be calculated? Select one: a. Process capability is calculated by adding the sigma level by 3. b. Process capability is calculated by multiplying the sigma level by 3. c. Process capability is calculated by dividing the sigma level by 3. d. Process capability is calculated by dividing the sigma level by 10.

c. Process capability is calculated by dividing the sigma level by 3.

A Weibull Distribution: Select one: a. Describes one type of data. b. Likely fits a Discrete Data distribution. c. Relates to continuous Data. d. Is not used when working with reliability applications.

c. Relates to continuous Data.

In an NP chart, which of the following is not true? Select one: a. Data is discrete b. Data is presented as a percent (percent defective) rather than a count c. Requires a constant sample size to be of use d. Plots the percent of units that are nonconforming in each sample size

c. Requires a constant sample size to be of use

How can you change the look of a histogram in Excel? Select one: a. Select View from the top menu b. Select Format from the top menu c. Select Design from the top menu d. Select Page Layout from the top menu

c. Select Design from the top menu

In Minitab, which menu has all the control charts? Select one: a. Calc b. Graph c. Stat d. Tools

c. Stat

What is another name for general sampling? Select one: a. Targeted sapling b. Random sapling c. Survey sampling d. Lack of sapling

c. Survey sampling

What is the Laplace Distribution often referred to? Select one: a. The Laplace distribution is often referred to as the lateral exponential distribution or the single-exponential distribution. b. The Laplace distribution is often referred to as a lateral exponential distribution. c. The Laplace Distribution is often referred to as the bilateral exponential distribution or the double-exponential distribution. d. The Laplace distribution is often referred to as the single-exponential distribution.

c. The Laplace Distribution is often referred to as the bilateral exponential distribution or the double-exponential distribution.

Which item is a part of a tollgate checklist? Select one: a. The team has provided process owner with ideas for revisions to continue the process. b. The team has provided their supervisor with all inputs, projected outputs, and control charts. c. The team has provided the process owner and business team with all tools and information required to maintain improvements d. The team has presented all charts, graphs, and tools to their supervisor for approval.

c. The team has provided the process owner and business team with all tools and information required to maintain improvements

What occurs during the control phase? Select one: a. The teams approach a process owner with their notations and recommendations for improvements. b. The teams build a diagram and review the map in order to present it to the process owner for feedback and improvements to be added to the overall process. c. The teams build monitors that let them ensure the process continues to work successfully after changes are implemented across the regular business process. d. The teams compare notes and collaborate on how to move on with the process.

c. The teams build monitors that let them ensure the process continues to work successfully after changes are implemented across the regular business process.

How is a stacked bar chart created? Select one: a. The teams have nominal data to create a stacked bar chart with a single column. b. The teams place ordinal and nominal data in the same category. c. The teams must have ordinal and nominal data that is broken into categories. d. The teams convert all graphs and charts into a stacked bar chart.

c. The teams must have ordinal and nominal data that is broken into categories.

Which is NOT a reason you should include some statistical information in your presentation? Select one: a. To secure approval on the improvements. b. To give your results credibility. c. To teach difficult math concepts to the audience. d. To support your conclusions.

c. To teach difficult math concepts to the audience.

When can an educated decision about a process be made? Select one: a. When one does not have time to compile information to present and the due date is approaching. b. When one has compiled and studied graphs, tables, and data and determine the outcome c. When it can determine the probability for certain events or data points d. When one is unable to point out the probability for data points or certain events.

c. When it can determine the probability for certain events or data points

Why are 3-D charts helpful? Select one: a. 3-D charts are the only chart that teams should use in presentations because they are the most complex. b. 3-D charts are helpful when presenting to a teams' supervisor so they can visibly see the progress made in the process. c. 3-D charts are helpful to gauge how much the teams have left to do to complete the process. d. 3-D charts are helpful when presenting similar charts, assisting in differentiating between information in the teams' presentation.

d. 3-D charts are helpful when presenting similar charts, assisting in differentiating between information in the teams' presentation.

What do box plots do other than calling out outliers? Select one: a. Find out the details of each graph b. Make graphical representation of the two c. Check the distributions d. Compare two distributions graphically

d. Compare two distributions graphically

What is an aspect of lognormal distribution? Select one: a. Lognormal distribution typically describes a data set with values in small ranges. b. Lognormal distribution is always a straight line. c. Lognormal distribution always has a negative skew. d. Lognormal distribution always has a positive skew.

d. Lognormal distribution always has a positive skew.

What is another name for Gaussian distribution? Select one: a. Continuous distribution b. Data distribution c. Abnormal distribution d. Normal distribution

d. Normal distribution

What happens when there is a negative correlation between two variables? Select one: a. A negative correlation only happens when there is one variable present. b. A weak variable must make room for a strong one. c. As one variable increases another must increase. d. One variable decreases as another variable increases.

d. One variable decreases as another variable increases.

What must happen in order for there to be a positive correlation between two variables? Select one: a. When an input is related to an output b. As long as there are two variables anything can happen. c. As one variable decreases another one decreases. d. One variable increases as another variable increases.

d. One variable increases as another variable increases.

What is NOT an effective way that you can create viable business presentations using statistics and analysis? Select one: a. Creating a story-style narrative b. Keeping things short and simple. c. Tailoring presentations to the audience d. Pulling off statistics that you found by Googling.

d. Pulling off statistics that you found by Googling.

What is key to the next part of implementing improvements, which is staff training? Select one: a. Supervisor approval b. Input multiple analytical ratings c. Absolute solutions d. Strong documentation

d. Strong documentation

At the end of a control document, the team provides what further information? Select one: a. The team provides the completed control document as to finish the process. b. The team provides diagrams and spreadsheets to the supervisor for approval. c. The team provides information for the process owner for approval. d. The team provides steps for corrective action.

d. The team provides steps for corrective action.

What is the second challenge faced by Six Sigma experts when presenting their information: Select one: a. They are working in an obsolete area that doesn't impact on the general business. b. They struggle to find adequate supporting materials. c. They don't know how to tie all the information together. d. Their general staff and leaders don't have the same understanding of statistical analysis.

d. Their general staff and leaders don't have the same understanding of statistical analysis.

A correlation coefficient equal to 0 means: Select one: a. There is a positive relationship between two variables b. There is a negative relationship between two variables c. There is both a positive and negative relationship between two variables. d. There is certainly no relationship between two variables.

d. There is certainly no relationship between two variables.

What is the purpose of a control plan? Select one: a. To help the process owner keep track of the teams' progress as to approve further work on the process. b. To assist the teams in organizing their input, output, and diagrams in one document in order to continue the process. c. To help the teams supervisor understand and guide the teams into improvements and recommendations as to further the process. d. To help the process owner and business team track and respond to key performance indicators so that the process remains improved.

d. To help the process owner and business team track and respond to key performance indicators so that the process remains improved.

What type of format is used to document root cause verification? Select one: a. scales b. diagrams c. charts d. matrix

d. matrix

What are the two main parts of a hypothesis test? Select one: a. the data model and the normal curve b. the normal distribution of data and the non-normal distribution of data c. the sample and the population d. the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis

d. the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis

Alpha is the measurement of what? Select one: a. the bias of the researchers b. the error that occurs if the hypothesis is accepted when it is actually untrue c. the risk of a Type II error d. the risk of a Type I error

d. the risk of a Type I error

When using negative binomial distribution, how many outcomes are required for each trial? Select one: a. no outcome b. a single outcome c. infinite outcomes d. two outcomes

d. two outcomes

How many types of data might a team need to pick from? Select one: a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 1

a. 2

Regression should be written as: Select one: a. Function y=f(x) b. A pie chart c. A flow chart d. A plot line

a. Function y=f(x)

What is one of the biggest challenges faced by Six Sigma experts when presenting information from statistical analysis? Select one: a. They may present false information. b. Most of their audience doesn't care. c. They don't have time to go over everything. d. The information is outdated.

b. Most of their audience doesn't care.

Which phase begins with creating a baseline metric for a process? Select one: a. Control phase b. Analyze phase c. Define phase d. Design phase

c. Define phase

R(squared) represents a(n) value between ______ and ______ Select one: a. 0 and -1 b. 1 and 3 c. 1 and -1 d. 0 and 1

d. 0 and 1

The correlation coefficient is also known as the: Select one: a. R value b. Value of Ss c. Value of X d. Any value between -1 and 1

d. Any value between -1 and 1

With which software packages can you edit colors of data on charts? Select one: a. Pages and Keynote b. Photoshop and Illustrator c. Word and Outlook d. Minitab and Excel

d. Minitab and Excel

A defined hard beginning of the process or problem being considered is called a ________. Select one: a. business case b. milestones c. stakeholder list d. team member roles e. project scope

e. project scope

Which tests are appropriate for discrete data? Select one: a. 1-proportion test and 2-proportion test b. 1-sample T test, Wilcox test, and chi square test c. 1-sample T test, chi square test, and 2-sample T test d. chi-square test, one sample Wilcox test, and Mann-Whitney test

a. 1-proportion test and 2-proportion test

How can you create a histogram in Excel? Select one: a. Select Data Analysis, under Data b. Select Forecast Sheet, under Data c. Select What-If Analysis, under Data d. Select Advanced, under Data

a. Select Data Analysis, under Data

When does a uniform distribution occur? Select one: a. A uniform distribution occurs when data points are multiplied among bins. b. A uniform distribution occurs when data points are divided evenly among bins. c. A uniform distribution occurs when data points are added evenly among bins. d. A uniform distribution occurs when data points are removed from the bins.

b. A uniform distribution occurs when data points are divided evenly among bins.

What is the popular method for brainstorming and analyzing causations in process? Select one: a. plain diagram b. pie chart c. fishbone diagram d. vein diagram

c. fishbone diagram

Which tests are appropriate for continuous normal data? Select one: a. chi-square test, one sample Wilcox test, and Mann-Whitney test b. 1-proportion test and 2-proportion test c. 1-proportion test and 1-sample T test d. 1-sample T test, chi square test, and 2-sample T test

d. 1-sample T test, chi square test, and 2-sample T test

When dealing with a knowledgeable, specialized audience, what is one good idea to include in your presentation? Select one: a. Your raw data. b. Profit and loss statement. c. Pictures of your office layout. d. A presentation appendix.

d. A presentation appendix.

Measures of success for Project Charters can usually be pulled from which of the following? Select one: a. Project Sponsors b. Data Collection c. Critical to Quality Metrics (CTQ) d. Project Goals

d. Project Goals

What is the best starting point for root cause brainstorming? Select one: a. Pareto Charts b. Different charts c. pie charts d. diagrams

a. Pareto Charts

During the last stage of process, who does the team transition the process for? Select one: a. Process Owner b. Team Leader c. Team Supervisor d. Consumer

a. Process Owner

The team also needs to understand the estimated operating costs of what? Select one: a. of an improvement for each year b. of an improvement monthly c. of the initial process d. of estimated denials

a. of an improvement for each year

Pilots can occur when? Select one: a. on limited scale or for a limited time b. in an unlimited time c. on an unlimited scale d. on an unlimited scale or for an unlimited time

a. on limited scale or for a limited time

Within a Stakeholder Analysis Grid, the ________ axis represents the amount of interest a person has in the team's project while the ________ axis represents the amount of power a person has in the organization. Select one: a. horizontal, vertical b. vertical, horizontal

a. horizontal, vertical

What concept is key in selecting sample sizes for various hypothesis testing? Select one: a. hypothesis testing error(s) b. margin of error c. symmetry d. data evaluation

a. hypothesis testing error(s)

What are three elements of a basic control chart? Select one: a. A line chart of data with plot points for specific data points, An upper control limit (UCL) line at 3 standard deviations above the median, and A lower control limit (LCL) line at 3 standard deviations below the median b. A line chart of data with plot points for specific data points, overall collection of date, and the teams' revisions c. A lower control limit (LCL) line at 3 standard deviations below the median, corrective action, and company, division, or department name d. An upper control limit (UCL) line at 3 standard deviations above the median, the process owner's name, and the date of the process was started

a. A line chart of data with plot points for specific data points, An upper control limit (UCL) line at 3 standard deviations above the median, and A lower control limit (LCL) line at 3 standard deviations below the median

Why is the measure phase the most laborious? Select one: a. Data is not readily available in digital formats b. The phase has strategic flaws c. The phase is very time consuming d. Not proper methodologies implemented

a. Data is not readily available in digital formats

What should be the first step of the measure phase? Select one: a. Determining the capability of a process b. Project planning c. R&D d. Determining the logic behind the implementation

a. Determining the capability of a process

When should the FMEA tool be used? Select one: a. For structural analysis b. For R&D c. For detailed information d. For project planning

a. For structural analysis

Which of the following is NOT a common Six Sigma Tool used in the Define stage of the DMAIC? Select one: a. Gage R & R b. SIPOC Diagram c. Stakeholder Analysis d. Value Stream Mapping

a. Gage R & R

What is the full definition of MSA? Select one: a. Measurement system analysis b. Management system and analysis c. Mathematical system and analysis d. None of the above

a. Measurement system analysis

What is an aspect of the design of experiment (DOE) sample size calculation? Select one: a. More than one factor for x b. No factor for x c. More than three factors for x d. Only one factor for x

a. More than one factor for x

Select the correct classification of data. Select one: a. Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio, Interval b. Ordinal, Ratio, Discrete, Continuous c. Ratio, Continuous. Discrete, Ordinal d. Nominal, Discrete, Continuous, Ratio

a. Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio, Interval

What is one of the baselines used when testing variance for continuous data? Select one: a. Set delta with absolute values as required by business needs or, more often in Minitab, as a function of standard deviation b. Set delta with no value as required by business needs or, more often in Minitab, as a function of standard deviation c. Set delta with absolute values as required by business needs or, more often in Minitab, as a function of abnormal deviation d. Set delta greater than 1 and according to business needs, or, more often in Minitab, as a function of standard deviation.

a. Set delta with absolute values as required by business needs or, more often in Minitab, as a function of standard deviation

Which is a benefit of using a pie chart? Select one: a. Simplicity; the pie chart is one of the simplest types of graphs. b. Ability; pie charts have the ability to convey large amounts of data in a detailed manner. c. Complexity; the pie chart is complex and contains a vast amount of information. d. Validity; a pie chart is accurate and valid when presenting information.

a. Simplicity; the pie chart is one of the simplest types of graphs.

What will always happen when conclusions are drawn about a population from sample data? Select one: a. Some level of uncertainty b. Some level of certainty c. Some level of acceptance d. Some level of reliable source

a. Some level of uncertainty

Which form of data CANNOT be written as a function: Select one: a. Staff to student ratio b. Temperature c. Body Mass d. Distance

a. Staff to student ratio

When calculating correlation and regression both sets of data must be __________. Select one: a. Statistical b. Correct c. Qualitative d. quantitative

a. Statistical

When is the Poisson distribution utilized? Select one: a. The Poisson distribution is often used when dealing with data that is distributed randomly within time, distance, or other unit of measurement. b. The Poisson distribution is often used when dealing with data that is distributed purposefully. c. The Poisson distribution is often used when dealing with data that is distributed randomly without measurements included. d. The Poisson distribution is often used when adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing data that is not distributed.

a. The Poisson distribution is often used when dealing with data that is distributed randomly within time, distance, or other unit of measurement.

What happens to a histogram as its number of bins increases? Select one: a. The bin sizes get progressively smaller b. The bins with the highest values get removed c. The bin sizes get progressively larger d. The bins with the smallest values get removed

a. The bin sizes get progressively smaller

The exponential distribution creates what? Select one: a. The exponential distribution creates a histogram or trend line that is exponential in nature. b. The exponential distribution creates a graph that is used by teams to collaborate. c. The exponential distribution creates a chart of trend lines that lacks completion. d. The exponential distribution creates an idea of the trend lines, while suggesting additions and revisions.

a. The exponential distribution creates a histogram or trend line that is exponential in nature.

If the correlation coefficient is equal to 1: Select one: a. The relationship between two variables is certain b. There is no relationship between variables c. both variables are independent d. Everything in a given set of data is correct.

a. The relationship between two variables is certain

What does the Cumulative Distribution Function measure? Select one: a. The total area under a curve to the left of the measuring point b. The total area under a curve to the right of the measuring point c. The total area above a curve to the left of the measuring point d. The total area above a curve to the right of the measuring point

a. The total area under a curve to the left of the measuring point

What is the biggest benefit of using a bar chart? Select one: a. They are recognizable and easy to read. b. Bar charts have virtually no limitations. c. Bar charts are an easy template to input information into so that teams have understanding that is then passed onto the process owner. d. Bar charts are easy to share with teams, supervisors, and the process owner in a way that does not confuse the process.

a. They are recognizable and easy to read.

What are histograms for? Select one: a. To analyze continuous or variable data that is finite or comes from population sampling. b. To graphically evaluate the mean of a population sampling over an infinite time. c. To describe variables within a set of data that can have multiple outcomes. d. To gather calculations that will yield a general conclusion about data that is infinite in nature.

a. To analyze continuous or variable data that is finite or comes from population sampling.

True or False: When it comes to estimating the financial benefits of a Six Sigma Project, it is important to be as accurate as possible, but to err on the conservative side when accuracy is in question. Select one: a. True b. False

a. True

Why is visual analysis extremely helpful? Select one: a. Visual analysis is helpful to those that are not trained in statistics. b. Visual analysis is helpful for an individual on the team to assess their work and contributions for future reference. c. Visual analysis is helpful for teams to see their progress in order to continue the process. d. Visual analysis is helpful to present to teams' supervisors to show progress and garner approval.

a. Visual analysis is helpful to those that are not trained in statistics.

The ________ is a short statement that provides the reason a project should be undertaken. Select one: a. business case b. milestones c. stakeholder list d. team member roles e. project scope

a. business case

Both correlation and regression work with ________or _________ data Select one: a. continuous or ratio b. right or wrong c. input or output d. qualitative or quantitative

a. continuous or ratio

What does the fish diagram resemble? Select one: a. fish skeleton b. fish eyes c. fish fins d. fish tail

a. fish skeleton

What do Six Sigma experts and teams use for idea generation? Select one: a. graphical analysis tools b. Wikipedia c. Theories and books d. Different charts

a. graphical analysis tools

What are the three ways to create a control plan? Select one: a. spreadsheets, specialized digital documents, or hard-copy documents posted at a work station b. Spreadsheets, memorization, or personal application easy to access c. Hard-copy, sticky notes, or a sharable document easily accessed by the team d. specialized digital documents, day planner, or the process owner's preference

a. spreadsheets, specialized digital documents, or hard-copy documents posted at a work station

To create a pilot, a team must first select what? Select one: a. the audience for the pilot b. the initial process c. the process d. the numeric's for the pilot

a. the audience for the pilot

The chi square test is used in which situation? Select one: a. when comparing standard deviation or variance b. when comparing means c. when comparing different factors of x between samples d. when the 1-variance test is not appropriate

a. when comparing standard deviation or variance

When is binomial distribution utilized? Select one: a. A binomial distribution is used when you are dealing with input, output, and then compiling it into an easily understood form. b. A binomial distribution is used when you are dealing with discrete data and there are only two outcomes for each trial or sample. c. A binomial distribution is used when you are dealing with undiscerning data and there are more than two outcomes for each trial or sample. d. A binomial distribution is used when you are dealing with data and there are infinite amounts of outcomes.

b. A binomial distribution is used when you are dealing with discrete data and there are only two outcomes for each trial or sample.

When writing slides for your presentation, what should you be aiming for? Select one: a. More pictures than text. b. Active use of language, avoidance of long text explanations, and correct spelling. c. Colored fonts, lots of exclamation points. d. Colorful backgrounds, large fonts, passive use of language.

b. Active use of language, avoidance of long text explanations, and correct spelling.

At what stage of the process should the presentation of information, analysis, and statistics to the business come? Select one: a. After the data has been gathered. b. After experimenting has been completed. c. After all the work is done. d. During the brainstorming session.

b. After experimenting has been completed.

What does a bar chart require? Select one: a. A bar chart requires approval from the process owner in order to create a visual aid. b. Bar charts require nominal or data that is classified according to qualitative information. c. A bar chart requires information that is easily decimated and formulated in a visual bar chart. d. A bar chart requires the teams' supervisor to keep track of their teams' progress in the process.

b. Bar charts require nominal or data that is classified according to qualitative information.

What chart should be used if all the sample sizes are the same and the team is concerned with the number of defects? Select one: a. U-Chart b. C-Chart c. Stat d. NP-Chart

b. C-Chart

Which of the following is an attribute of the 1-sample T test? Select one: a. It compares different factors of x between samples b. It is used to compare means c. It determines standard deviation d. It is best used for larger samples

b. It is used to compare means

When dealing with inconsistent subgroup sizes, the u-Chart is a good choice for analysis and it tracks ____________? (fill in the blank from the following answers.) Select one: a. Number of defects per sample b. Number of errors per unit c. Number of defects per day d. Percent (percent defective)

b. Number of errors per unit

How do scatter diagrams assist teams? Select one: a. Scatter diagrams typically help teams see whether there are mistakes, revisions, or suggestions that have been omitted. b. Scatter diagrams typically help teams see whether there is no correlation, weak correlation, or positive or negative correlation. c. Scatter diagrams typically help teams see whether they are ready to present the process to the process owner. d. Scatter diagrams typically help teams see whether there is repetitive information or incorrect data.

b. Scatter diagrams typically help teams see whether there is no correlation, weak correlation, or positive or negative correlation.

What kind of distribution takes place between the boxes and the whiskers? Select one: a. Perfect b. Similar c. Equal d. Different

b. Similar

What should teams do at the beginning of the control phase? Select one: a. Teams should revisit the FMEA and have their team supervisor approve before moving on with the process. b. Teams should revisit the FMEA and note what recommendation actions were completed and recalculating risk priority numbers for the improved process. c. Teams should revisit FMEA and fill in any information or recommendations as to continue with the process. d. Teams should fill in any blank information missing from their SIPOC diagram and review for any errors in order to continue the process.

b. Teams should revisit the FMEA and note what recommendation actions were completed and recalculating risk priority numbers for the improved process.

What is a big risk associated with presenting analysis information when you know the sample size wasn't big enough for strong conclusions? Select one: a. That you will have to redo your research and presentation. b. The data is inaccurate. c. That leadership will make decisions based on your data without understanding the risks. d. The project champions will not implement your improvement suggestions.

b. The data is inaccurate.

When does a Type II error occur? Select one: a. The error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis. b. The error occurs when you accept the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, not true. c. The error occurs when you accept the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, it is true. d. The error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, not true.

b. The error occurs when you accept the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, not true.

When does a Type I error occur? Select one: a. The error occurs when you accept the null hypothesis during a hypothesis test when, in fact, the null hypothesis is false. b. The error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis during a hypothesis test when, in fact, the null hypothesis is true. c. The error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis during a hypothesis test when, in fact, the null hypothesis is indeed incorrect. d. The error occurs when you reject the correct hypothesis during a hypothesis test.

b. The error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis during a hypothesis test when, in fact, the null hypothesis is true.

What is an aspect of the normal curve? Select one: a. The normal curve uses only standard deviations. b. The normal curve is symmetrical. c. The normal curve is asymmetrical. d. The normal curve does not center on the means.

b. The normal curve is symmetrical.

What does the data table returned by Minitab display? Select one: a. A suggestion of sample size for each target power. b. The required sample size for each difference and target power. c. The required sample size for similar data. d. Options for sample sizes for each difference and target power.

b. The required sample size for each difference and target power.

What are the benefits of statistical analysis software? Select one: a. The software checks the correctness and readability of the teams' information before presenting it to the process owner. b. The software reduces the chance of calculation errors and increases the accuracy of analysis and conclusions offered by experts. c. The software presents the data so the teams can review the information and make changes where mistakes were made. d. The software collects information from charts, graphs, and additional data to form a single report.

b. The software reduces the chance of calculation errors and increases the accuracy of analysis and conclusions offered by experts.

What is the goal of cost benefits analysis? Select one: a. To compare the costs of implementing every solution that was produced by teams brainstorming. b. To compare the costs of implementing a solution with the monetary benefits expected from the solution. c. To compare the solutions of every team member to find the root solution in order to move forward. d. To compare the viability of the processes

b. To compare the costs of implementing a solution with the monetary benefits expected from the solution.

How do trend lines appear when using lognormal distribution on a histogram? Select one: a. Trend lines appear in an unchanged rise across the page. b. Trend lines appear more as a wave that moves across the page. c. Trend lines appear more like a straight line across the page. d. Trend lines appear as a spike that moves up the page.

b. Trend lines appear more as a wave that moves across the page.

What does accuracy in inferential statistics require? Select one: a. You have multiple options to present b. You have the right sample size c. You have all the correct information d. You have all portions of data

b. You have the right sample size

How is an impossible event shown in probability? Select one: a. Fraction b. 1 c. 0 d. Negative

c. 0

Which of the following Is NOT a Minitab chart? Select one: a. The I & MR Chart (Within/Between) b. Cumulative Sum c. Chart of accounts d. Exponentially Weighted Moving Average

c. Chart of accounts

What is continuous data? Select one: a. Continuous data is related to normal distribution, which means data has no variable and form a single point along an interval. b. Continuous data is related to all data distribution, which means normal and abnormal data are taken into account and forms a finite number of points along an interval. c. Continuous data is related to normal distribution, which means the data is associated with random variables that can take the form of an infinite number of points along an interval. d. Continuous data is related to abnormal distribution, which means the information is static and does change the points along an interval.

c. Continuous data is related to normal distribution, which means the data is associated with random variables that can take the form of an infinite number of points along an interval.

Teams should work on documents together in a brainstorming capacity. When creating a solutions selection matrix, what program is used that is easily accessed by the entire team? Select one: a. Hard-copy b. Minitab c. Excel d. Project Implementor Pro

c. Excel

Which of the following Six Sigma Define Phase Tools are used to define Six Sigma Project Scope? Select one: a. Stakeholder Analysis Grid b. In and Out of the Box Method c. Is/Is Not Matrix d. All of the Above e. Some of the Above

c. Is/Is Not Matrix

What is the advanced statistical analysis software most commonly used by Six Sigma experts? Select one: a. SAS Business Intelligence b. Stata c. Minitab d. Domo

c. Minitab

What hypothesis looks at data that is normal? Select one: a. Average b. Void c. Null d. Alternative

c. Null

When working as a team it is important to determine the optimum_________values to determine a goal for control during a project Select one: a. Input b. Number c. Output d. Letter

c. Output

What does The Central Limit Theorem state? Select one: a. The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the nominal data distributed number of variables that change and take on an abnormal curve. b. The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the mean of a large, identically distributed number of independent variables will not approximate the normal curve. c. The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the mean of a large, identically distributed number of independent variables will approximate the normal curve. d. The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the mean of a small, differently distributed number of independent variables will approximate the normal curve.

c. The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the mean of a large, identically distributed number of independent variables will approximate the normal curve.

The alternative hypothesis___. Select one: a. is evidenced by accepting the null hypothesis b. is assumed to be true if nothing has changed c. can be framed as not equal, greater than, or less than d. is only true if the hull hypothesis is demonstrated to be true

c. can be framed as not equal, greater than, or less than

If the null hypothesis is correct, then ___. Select one: a. an improvement has been observed b. the alternate hypothesis is also correct c. no statistical difference exists d. something has changed

c. no statistical difference exists

When presented in graphical format or histogram, the normal curve is typically what? Select one: a. asymmetry in nature b. irregular in nature c. symmetrical in nature d. disorganized in nature

c. symmetrical in nature

Even if you perform a calculation to determine an appropriate sample size - and you choose to ere on the side of caution by sampling at the largest count size returned by Minitab - you can draw the wrong inferences. Why? Select one: a. the sample was exact b. the sample was random c. the sample was not random d. systematic

c. the sample was not random

Data can be classified into how many levels? Select one: a. 5 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4

d. 4

What lets the Six Sigma experts draw conclusions about the population based on the statistical analysis performed? Select one: a. Planning b. Some theories c. Strategies d. Hypothesis testing

d. Hypothesis testing

Why would teams implement visual controls in the workplace? Select one: a. In order to assist the business teams to have a controlled process without the assistance of a supervisor. b. In order to assist the business teams in following the steps that are introduced to create the output. c. In order to assist business teams easy access to revise of the controlled process. d. In order to assist business teams maintain a controlled process.

d. In order to assist business teams maintain a controlled process.

Which is true of the Mann-Whitney test? Select one: a. It compares means between samples of two factors of x b. It determines standard deviation c. It compares standard deviation between two data sets d. It compares medians between samples of two factors of x

d. It compares medians between samples of two factors of x

What is discrete data? Select one: a. It is continuous in nature. Discrete data is typically about random occurrences. b. It is random in nature. Discrete data is typically about specific occurrences. c. It is confusing by in nature. Discrete data is typically about a lot of information being processed in a chaotic manner. d. It is not continuous in nature. Discrete data is typically about categorical occurrences.

d. It is not continuous in nature. Discrete data is typically about categorical occurrences.

Are failed tests always indicative of process failures? Select one: a. There's not enough information available to answer the question. b. Yes, failed tests always indicative of process failures. c. No, data above the control range tracked always represents more efficient processes and the range should then be increased. d. Not necessarily, sometimes the "failed" data represents efficiencies above or below the test parameters.

d. Not necessarily, sometimes the "failed" data represents efficiencies above or below the test parameters.

Why are scatter diagrams beneficial? Select one: a. Scatter diagrams are beneficial because they can help teams visually see there is no relationship between factors in a process. b. Scatter diagrams are beneficial because they contain every chart and graph completed during the process. c. Scatter diagrams are beneficial because they assist the supervisor to evaluate the process. d. Scatter diagrams are beneficial because they can help teams visually see the relationship between two factors in a process

d. Scatter diagrams are beneficial because they can help teams visually see the relationship between two factors in a process

What is an aspect of the exponential curve? Select one: a. The exponential curve does not provide a method to create data for analyzing. b. The exponential curve is always symmetrical. c. The exponential curve is never distributed. d. The exponential curve never appears symmetrical.

d. The exponential curve never appears symmetrical.

In Six Sigma, how are correlation and regression used? Select one: a. To keep up with others who are completing the same project. b. To make sure no mistakes are made. c. To compare and improve past projects. d. To measure, analyze, or improve stages of a project.

d. To measure, analyze, or improve stages of a project.

What are analytical rankings used for? Select one: a. To order and dismiss solutions for implementation b. To prioritize and select format of your matrix c. To prioritize and select solutions for approval from a supervisor d. To prioritize and select solutions for implementation

d. To prioritize and select solutions for implementation

What should you not misuse when creating business-friendly presentations? Select one: a. Food and beverages, exercise time, and sleep b. Battery power, memory, and backup on your computer c. Paper, pens, and paperclips d. Tools, knowledge, and resources

d. Tools, knowledge, and resources

What is a pilot? Select one: a. team member that takes the process to the next step. b. a limited trial of a solution in a mock environment. c. an unlimited trial of a solution in a live environment. d. a limited trial of a solution in a live environment

d. a limited trial of a solution in a live environment

Which tests are appropriate for continuous non-normal data? Select one: a. 1-proportion test, 2-proportion test, and Wilcox test b. 1-proportion test and 2-proportion test c. 1-sample T test, chi square test, and 2-sample T test d. chi-square test, one sample Wilcox test, and Mann-Whitney test

d. chi-square test, one sample Wilcox test, and Mann-Whitney test

What does the one sample Wilcox test compare? Select one: a. standard deviations b. means c. x factors d. medians

d. medians

What assists in setting appropriate Alpha and Beta values? Select one: a. understanding of margin of error b. hypothesis testing c. data evaluation d. real-world understanding

d. real-world understanding

What is the fundamental activity of the analyze phase performed by the entire team with help from identified subject matter experts? Select one: a. root method analysis b. root strategy analysis c. root result analysis d. root cause analysis

d. root cause analysis

If a single solution provides enough positive impact to reach project goals, what is done with alternate solutions? Select one: a. saved for review by process owner b. discarded as to not include it in the project mistakenly c. use all solutions in order to ensure the single solution is indeed positive d. saved for future improvement projects

d. saved for future improvement projects

How does the 1-sample T test differ from the 2-sample T test? Select one: a. the 1-sample T test is used to compare means while the 2-sample T test is used to compare x factors b. the 1-sample T test is only appropriate when there is no change while the 2-sample T test is used to compare a sample from before and after a change c. the 1-sample T test is used to compare one sample to another sample while the 2-sample T test is used to compare a sample to itself after a change is introduced d. the 1-sample T test uses one sample from one population possibly before and after a change while the 2-sample T test compares two samples from different populations

d. the 1-sample T test uses one sample from one population possibly before and after a change while the 2-sample T test compares two samples from different populations

The P-value is compared to what value? Select one: a. standard deviation b. sample size c. the beta value d. the alpha value

d. the alpha value

Beta is a measurement of what? Select one: a. the error that occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true b. the risk of a Type I error c. the consistency of the data sample d. the error that occurs if the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false

d. the error that occurs if the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false

When people are involved in the process, the live production environment will have what? Select one: a. unlimited solutions b. numeric's that are not germane to the process c. unchanged variables d. variables that teams can't account for

d. variables that teams can't account for