Learning Curve 7A & 7B

Current recommendations by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) specify a ratio of one adult to a maximum of _____ babies for quality infant care.

4

Benjamin is babysitting his brother's infant daughter when the doorbell rings. Benjamin opens the door and asks the delivery person to step inside. The woman does so and smiles at Benjamin's niece. The little girl hides her face in Benjamin's shoulder and then looks back at the woman with concern. Approximately how old is the niece?

9 months

Dominating parents make type _____ attachment MORE likely.

A

Which mother is LEAST likely to be stressed by a baby with a difficult temperament?

Agreeable Anna

Baby Octavia's mother suffers from major depression. Octavia is MORE likely to display type _____ attachment than if her mother were NOT depressed. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. D

C

At his first birthday party, Jack is frightened by the unexpected sound of a balloon deflating and flying across the room. After his father reassures Jack and demonstrates to him the balloon deflating a number of times, what is Jack's MOST likely reaction?

Jack might enjoy playing with the balloon.

Zondra's 1-year-old nephew is looking out the window when a loud fire engine approaches with a screaming siren. Even after the truck passes, her nephew remains upset. Why?

Many 1-year-olds fear anything unexpected.

Which mother is MOST likely to be stressed by a baby with a difficult temperament?

Neurotic Nancy

Marco aspires to become a leading developmental scientist. According to Chapter 7's Career Alert feature, titled "The Developmental Scientist," Marco will MOST likely need a _____ degree to realize his dream.

PhD

Leah is an advocate of "attachment parenting." Her infant sleeps in her bed. Leah breast-feeds the child on demand and "wears" the baby in a sling across her chest. Leah's parenting is BEST seen as an example of _____ parenting.

Proximal

Emily and Charlie are 1-year-old twins. Their parents thought it would be fun to have a portrait taken of their young children with Santa Claus. Both parents are nearby as their twins are placed on Santa's lap, but Emily and Charlie are very unhappy about the entire experience and show their alarm with tears and cries. Why?

The children are showing signs of stranger wariness.

A newborn infant comes home from the hospital, and all appears to be well. He looks happy and relaxed after being fed and drifts off to sleep. Within a few weeks, however, everyone is on edge due to the infant's bouts of uncontrollable crying. The pediatrician has advised the family that:

about 20 percent of infants have bouts of colic, which is probably the result of immature digestion.

Brien has a friend who is a mother. Knowing that Brien is taking a psychology course, she asks him what she can expect during the toddler years of her child's development. Using his understanding of Erikson's stages of development, Brien explains to her that her child will pass through a stage called _____ versus shame and doubt as she undergoes potty training.

autonomy

Sadness indicates withdrawal and is accompanied by an increase in the body's production of _____, a stress hormone.

cortisol

An infant who is very shy may seem to lack an outgoing, social _____ dimension of temperament.

exuberance

A 2-year-old boy is playing at the beach and comes upon an object washed up on the shore. It has many spines and appears dangerous to touch. The child's mother grabs his hand and quickly jerks him away from his discovery. What is the MOST likely emotional reaction that the child has just been taught by his mother?

fear

At about 6 months of age, infants begin to express anger, which is usually triggered by:

frustration.

The textbook discusses the influence of caregiver responsiveness on reactive infants. With respect to the dimensions of temperament discussed in the text, an infant who is reactive is MOST likely:

high in negative emotion.

As adolescents, boys who were inhibited as young children are _____ likely to use drugs. Girls who were inhibited as young children are _____ likely to use drugs.

more; less

Paid maternity leave is provided in _____ developed nations.

most

EJ has a friend who is a new father. Knowing that EJ is taking a psychology course, the new father asks EJ what he can expect during the first year of his child's development. Based on Freud's stages of development, EJ tells the new father that the first stage his child will pass through is called the _____ stage.

oral

Dr. Martinez and her team complete a study of infant attachment. According to Chapter 7's Career Alert feature, titled "The Developmental Scientist," the written report is subject to _____ review before the research is published. In this process, other scientists who are not involved in the study read the report, make suggestions, and determine whether it merits publication.

peer

Mona undertook further studies by researching and writing under the direction of a leading developmental scientist at Yale University. Chapter 7's Career Alert feature, titled "The Developmental Scientist," notes that this training is known as a:

postdoctoral fellowship.

Many specific aspects of brain development support social emotions; for instance, the social smile and the first laughter appear as the _____ matures.

prefrontal cortex

The _____ theory connects biosocial with psychosocial development.

psychoanalytic

Alice takes her 1-year-old son, Derek, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Derek eagerly explores the room as long as Alice is present. When Alice leaves the room to fill out some forms, Derek becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, Derek quickly calms down. Derek's attachment style is MOST likely:

secure.

Proximal parenting may _____ the development of self-awareness in the first year of life.

slow

When a toddler begins to walk and talk, the social bond with the caregiver changes from _____ to _____.

synchrony; attachment

Dr. Nguyen is analyzing the duration, tone, and loudness of infants' cries immediately after they receive their first inoculation. Dr. Nguyen is MOST likely engaged in a study of:

temperament.

Saundra experienced some traumatic events in her childhood. According to cognitive theory, by rethinking and reorganizing her _____ about these previous experiences, Saundra will be able to change her later experiences by developing a new working model.

thoughts

Nancy has a friend who is a new father. Knowing that she is taking a psychology course, he asks Nancy what he can expect during the first few years of his child's development. Based on her understanding of Erikson's stages of development, she tells him that the first stage his child will pass through is called:

trust versus mistrust.