Learning curve 8

Bedouins find eye of camel to be delicious while most Americans would find this non-appetizing. This is an example of how taste preferences are influenced by _____ factors.

cultural

A theory by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci suggests that there are three psychological needs that need to be balanced in order for people to experience a deep sense of well-being. Which of the following is NOT one of those needs? relatedness competence autonomy esteem

esteem

Sasha's genital areas have become engorged with blood and her vagina expands and secretes lubricant, as her breast and nipples enlarge from her partner's caresses. She is in the:

excitement phase.

The correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is:

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This BEST illustrates the:

facial feedback effect.

An instinct is a complex behavior that has a _____ throughout a species and is _____.

fixed pattern; unlearned

A 5-year-old child is wary of trying a new lamb stew. He is also not that excited about trying frog legs. This avoidance of unfamiliar foods:

may have been adaptive for human ancestors.

Armaghan lives in a small Afghani village. She desperately wants to go to school. However, since other girls in the village have been attacked for attending school, her parents do not want to send her. Her parents are motivated by:

safety needs.

Bob suffered a serious spinal cord injury in a car accident that left him with no sensation below the neck. He will:

still experience sexual desires because his mind influences sexual arousal and desire.

People who receive high scores for narcissism on personality tests tend to collect more _____ friends.

superficial

In one study, monkeys who were housed with three or four new roommates each month were more likely to experience _____ compared with monkeys left in stable groups.

suppressed production of lymphocytes

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural _____ level is _____.

testosterone; lowered

About _____ percent of both men and women say they have had sexual fantasies.

95

According to research by _____, one reason people feel hungry is because of stomach pangs.

A.L. Washburn and Walter Cannon

_____ is the rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions when the body is at rest.

Basal metabolic rate

Andrew went in his backyard at night, in the dark, to bring some firewood in the house. He heard the sharp crack of a twig breaking in the darkness and froze in fear, his heart thumping loudly in his chest. Andrew's reaction is consistent with the _____ theory of emotion.

Cannon-Bard

Which of the following facial expressions is one of the supposed six basic facial expressions of emotions?

Fear

Dallas thinks two of his friends are highly compatible, so he is trying to get them together. Which of the following might help to get them interested in each other?

Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes.

Rachel is a very optimistic young woman. She usually expects the best, even in uncertain times. Her college roommate, Leah, is pessimistic and is always expecting the worst. According to research, what is likely to happen during finals week to Rachel and Leah?

Rachel will have less fatigue and fewer coughs than will Leah.

Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their need for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:

Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their need for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:

The instantaneous and automatic fear response people experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the:

amygdala.

Research seems to indicate that people who _____ are more vulnerable to disease.

are recently widowed

When asked why he wanted climb Mount Everest, George Mallory responded, "Because it is there." This is an example of:

arousal theory.

Monique has not eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because her:

blood glucose levels decreased

Rob is assigned the task of coordinating a fundraiser. He does not feel particularly competent at the task. He will do best on these coordinating activities when he is:

calm and alert.

Some taste preferences are _____, as when people given highly salted foods develop a liking for excess salt.

conditioned

Some taste preferences are _____, as when people who have been sickened by a food item develop an aversion to it.

conditioned

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need is known as:

drive reduction theory

Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. Watching people drink large glasses of soda is upsetting her and, at the next opportunity, she will take an extra-large drink. Which of the following can be used to explain why Lara is motivated to get a drink?

drive-reduction theory

Jennah's friend's father has just passed away. She doesn't just say she is sorry for the loss, but rather she tells her friend that she truly feels the pain that she is going through. Jennah really understands her grief and both of them are crying together as she can actually feel the loss in her heart as well. This is an example of:

empathy.

This is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach.

ghrelin

Terrell is NOT feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his:

ghrelin levels are low.

Dr. Harper is studying the effects of HIV awareness campaigns and the reduction of new HIV cases within the Latino population of a major city. He is examining what is effective to stem the tide in this high-risk area of the city. He is also looking at medication compliance and wellness examinations. He is a:

health psychologist.

A month ago, Jason lost his job because of circumstances beyond his control and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to the United States because she cannot get her green card, that his rent-controlled apartment is being sold, and he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, which of the following do you think is happening to Jason?

his immune response is dropping

When Shawna thinks about her family, she feels secure. This is because a sense of belonging also activates feelings of _____ and _____.

reward; safety

Bob, a successful businessman in his late fifties, has decided that he wants to retire from work. While he is in a position to earn a lot more money, he knows he has more than enough. Instead, Bob wants to put his skills to work helping the charities that he supports. In addition, Bob and his wife want to take an active part in raising their grandchildren. Bob is motivated by:

self-actualization needs.

When an overweight person's body drops beneath their _____, the person's hunger increases and metabolism decreases.

set point

The us versus them mentality is an outgrowth of _____.

the need to belong

When people are stimulated by an exciting soccer match, their excitement can fuel and intensify anger. This effect is known as:

the spillover effect.

Two-year-old Alma has many new toys in her playpen. Nonetheless, even before playing with these toys, she wants to explore the room and tries to escape the playpen. Alma is motivated to escape the playpen:

to seek optimum levels of arousal.

When Greg's autonomic nervous system was aroused, he misinterpreted the harmless symptoms as indicators of an impending heart attack. This misinterpretation caused him to experience an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional response is BEST understood in terms of the:

two-factor theory.

Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes.

typical

Julie is competing in a basketball free throw contest. She is likely to perform _____ if her physiological arousal during the performance is _____.

well: moderate

A high-school junior stated in health class that women cannot get pregnant if the man is still in the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle. How should the teacher respond to this?

Hold on, fluid at the tip of his penis may contain enough live sperm to enable conception.

Twenty-five-year-old Raina is happily married. However, she has been feeling much less interested in sexual activities since having her ovaries removed. Which of the following might be causing this?

a drop in her testosterone level

The goal of drive reduction is:

homeostasis

Some motivated behaviors, such as curiosity, actually _____ arousal.

increase

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of a(n)

instinct

Few human behaviors are rigidly patterned enough to qualify as:

instincts.

Jose was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes when his fasting blood glucose was discovered to be 300 mg/ml. His _____ production, which is secreted by the _____, was not controlling his blood glucose.

insulin; pancreas

Tyrell has studied hard for his chemistry exam, as he requires a good grade in the class to continue with his chosen career. Despite his efforts, on the day of the exam, Tyrell is extremely anxious. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, how is Tyrell likely to perform on the exam?

poorly