Lecture exam #2
Which situation on the tongue gives the tongue roughness and provide friction and doesn't contain taste buds
filiform
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
greater to the pressure in the atmosphere
if a patient has found to have pernicious anemia but produce intrinsic factors, where should the cause of the anemia be looked for
ilium
what is the function of the lymphatic system
immune response returns blood specifically in the internal jugular and subclavian veins
where are control center ventral and dorsal respiratory groups located
in the medulla
what is the function the tracealis muscles (muscle in the back of the trachea)
it contracts and causes you to cough up mucus
how does the stomach protect itself from the acid produces
it produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion
Which one of the following organs produce enzymes that breaks down sugars as starch
pancreas
what is the function of the epiglottis
prevents food to go into lungs
A student was eating popcorn in class, along with other junk food, where in the digestive system would most of this be absorbed
small intestine (Large intestine absorbs) water
which choice below in the digestive system has a indirect function involved in blood clotting
transverse colon
The normal rate of respirations per minute is: -12-20
-60-100 -more than 30 -12-20 -Exactly 15 every breath -less than 10
The chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following? -A decrease in p.H. of blood
-A decrease in p.H. of blood -Changes in arterial pressure -An increase in blood volume -An increase in oxygen levels -The use of cell phones in class
Which statement is true regarding inspiration? -Air (gases) flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
-Air (gases) flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until atmospheric pressure is less than intrapleural pressure. -Air (gases) flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure. -Air (gases) flows out of the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. -Air (gases) flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. -Air (gases) flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
The nose serves all the following functions except: -As the direct initiator of the cough reflex
-As a passageway for air movement -As the direct initiator of the cough reflex -Filtering inhaled air -Warming and humidifying inhaled air -Cleansing inhaled air
The Valsalva's maneuver is sometimes used to test cardiac function or test the ear drum, this maneuver is: -Expiration against a closed larynx
-Both inspiration and expiration against an open larynx -Inspiration against a closed larynx -Expiration against an open larynx -Expiration against a closed larynx -Inspiration against an open larynx
The main site of gas exchange in the respiratory system is in the ________. -Alveoli/Capillaries
-Bronchus -Alveoli/Capillaries -Respiratory bronchiole -Alveolar duct -Trachea
Perfusion is the blood flow reaching alveoli, Ventilation is the amount of gas reaching alveoli, what event would occur if ventilation to a part of the lung was low? -Constriction of the pulmonary arterioles serving that part of the lung
-Carbon dioxide levels would decrease in that part of the lung -Oxygen levels would increase in that part of the lung -Pulmonary arterioles serving these alveoli dilate when ventilation is less -Constriction of the pulmonary arterioles serving that part of the lung -Blood flow to the area would stay the same to that part of the lung
Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because almost no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists one of those factors? -The recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration.
-Combined amount of CO2 in the blood and air in the alveoli -The recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration. -The negative feedback of expansion fibers used during inspiration and the outward pull of surface tension due to surfactant -The amount of oxygen in the blood -The expansion of respiratory muscles that were contracted during inspiration and the lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall
A deficiency of pulmonary surfactant would: -Increase the surface tension in the alveoli and the alveoli would collapse
-Decrease surface tension in the alveoli and the alveoli would collapse -Decrease surface tension in the trachea and the alveoli would collapse -Decrease the pulmonary pressure -Increase the surface tension in the alveoli and the alveoli would collapse -Increase intrapulmonary pressure and the alveoli would collapse
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________. -Diffusion
-Diffusion -Secondary active transport -Filtration -Osmosis -Active transport
Which statement is true about the respiratory system? -All choices are correct, none are incorrect
-During inhalation, the conchae and nasal mucosa filter, heat, and moisten air -The trachea splits into 2 primary bronchi -The alveoli are the last part of the respiratory system -During exhalation the conchae and nasal mucosa reclaim heat and moisture -All choices are correct, none are incorrect
Complete the following statement using one choice below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________. -Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
-Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere -Less than the pressure in the atmosphere -Less than intrapleural pressure -Greater than the intra-alveolar pressure -Equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________. -Boyle's law
-Henry's law -Boyle's law -Charles' law -Pennsylvania State law -Dalton's law
According to the relationship between gas pressure and volume of a gas, which choice correctly describes this relationship? -If the volume increases, pressure decreases
-If the volume decreases, pressure decreases -If the volume increases, pressure decreases -If the volume stays the same, pressure decreases -If the volume increases, pressure increases -If the volume increases, pressure stays the same
When atmospheric pressure is equal to intrapulmonary pressure, what event in respiration occurs? -Nothing, no inhaling nor exhaling
-Inspiration followed by expiration -Expiration followed by inspiration -Expiration -Inspiration -Nothing, no inhaling nor exhaling
Expansion of the chest during inspiration causes which event to occur? -Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
-Intrapulmonary pressure increases -Intrapulmonary pressure decreases -Atmospheric pressure decreases -Atmospheric pressure increases -Volume is decreased
The function of the Ventral respiratory group (VRG) is? -It sets the respiratory rhythm
-It speeds up the heart -It sets the respiratory rhythm -It receives input from the peripheral chemoreceptors in the heart -It interacts with medullary respiratory centers to smooth the respiratory pattern -It causes you to fall asleep during lecture
Which of the choices below describes the role of the pleural cavity? -Keeps the lungs expanded with lower pressure than intrapulmonary pressure
-Keeps the lungs expanded with lower pressure than intrapulmonary pressure -Keeps the lungs expanded with higher pressure than atmospheric pressure -Deflates the lungs with lower pressure than intrapulmonary pressure -Keeps the lungs expanded with higher pressure than intrapulmonary pressure -Deflates the lungs with higher pressure than intrapulmonary pressure
A powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________. -Increase of carbon dioxide causing a decrease in blood p.H.
-Low chloride levels -A gain of oxygen in tissues -Decrease of carbon dioxide causing an increase in blood p.H. -Increase of carbon dioxide causing a decrease in blood p.H. -A high p.H. of the blood
Respiratory control centers (Ventral and dorsal respiratory group) are located in the ________. -Medulla
-Midbrain -Upper spinal cord -Spinal cord -Cerebellum -Medulla
Which is the correct sequence of air traveling through the respiratory system? -Nares, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Alveoli
-Nares, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Nasopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Alveoli -Nares, Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Alveoli -Nares, Larynx, Nasopharynx, Bronchioles, Bronchus, Alveoli, Laryngopharynx, Oropharynx, Trachea -Nares, Trachea, Larynx, Nasopharynx, Bronchus, Alveoli, Bronchioles, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx -Nares, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Alveoli
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________. -Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
-Negative pressure in the intrapleural space -Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs -The pressure in the atmosphere -Difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure -Pressure within the pleural cavity
The pleural fluid fills the pleural cavity and is involved in: -Providing lubrication between the lung and the membranes, and surface tension
-Providing lubrication between the trachea and the membranes, and surface tension -Providing higher pressure than atmospheric pressure -Providing higher pressure than the pressure in the lungs -Providing lubrication between the bronchus and the membranes, and surface tension -Providing lubrication between the lung and the membranes, and surface tension
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing? -Rising blood pressure
-Rising blood pressure -Acidosis resulting from CO2 retention -Low p.H. of the blood -Low arterial oxygen levels -Rising carbon dioxide levels
Which of the following muscles is involved in normal breathing? -Intercostal muscles
-Scalenes -Sternocleidomastoid -Rectus femurs -Intercostal muscles -Pectoralis minor
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________. -Secrete surfactant
-Secrete surfactant -Replace mucus in the alveoli -Protect the lungs from bacterial invasion -Trap dust and other debris -Provide an area for diffusion of gases
Very small particles are removed from the respiratory system, especially in the trachea and nose, by: -Ciliary transport
-They are not removed -Diffusion -By hyperventilation -Bulk flow -Ciliary transport
Which statement is true about the Nasal conchae? -It is located in the nasal cavity and serves to enhance air turbulence
-They reclaim heat and moisture during inspiration -It is located in the laryngopharynx and serves to enhance air turbulence -They have no function -It is located in the nasal cavity and serves to enhance air turbulence -They contain type II cells to push foreign substances out of the respiratory system
The concentration of CO2 is the highest in the: -Tissues
-Tissues -Alveoli -Atmosphere -Arteries -Veins
residual volume (RV)
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume expiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration
Prefusion is the blood flow reaching alveoli, ventilation is the amount of gas reaching alveoli, what would occur if ventilation to part of the lung was low
Blood vessels would constrict
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all of the membranes by
Diffusion
When the elastic fiber of the lungs recoil and intrapulmonary volume decreases what event occurs as a result of this
Exhaling the pressure will increase in the lungs
if someone was told that they have cirrhosis, what would this mean.
It is a chronic liver disease which live has scar tissue
when atmosphere pressure is equal to intrapulmonary pressure, what even it respiration occurs
Nothing is happening
According to the relationship between gas and volume of a gas, what is the relationship
When the volume decreases the pressure increases
Tidal volume
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
surfactant
decreases surface tension so the aveoli/ so that the walls will stick together