lecture seven

the morris water maze

A common test of spatial memory. A rodent is placed in a small round pool filled with opaque-colored water and must remember the location of a submerged platform to escape.

patient na

A patient who is unable to encode new declarative memories, because of damage to the dorsomedial thalamus and the mammillary bodies. - has diencephalic amnesia

comparison of memory and iq scores

IQ ok but memory impaired

patient rb

Largely confirms the role of the hippocampus in anterograde amnesia. He had an ischemic event during surgery that resulted in lesions to CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampus. Led to anterograde amnesia and retrograde of 1-2 years.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination. It may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers. - produces similar memory deficits to those from temporal lobe damage

what kind of study was taxi study

cross sectional study with two groups at the same time

what is affected in wenicke kosakoff syndrome

dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus and mamillary bodies

how do we represent our location in space

egocentrically or allocentrically

allocentric

frame of reference is the external world eg south to the tree

longitudinal study of posterior hippocampal in taxi drivers

increased posterior hippocampus

Extended Hippocampal-Diencephalic Memory System

info from hippocampus to mamillary body to thalamus to rest of neo cortex - remote memories gone to neocortex are consolidated and remain in memory but those still in hippocampus are lost

what does hm show

iq improved which shows disscoiaten between iq and intelligence shows that hippocampus, medial temporal lobe are involved in memory consolidation shows dissociation of declarative memory from working and procedular memory

patient rb on rey osterreith figure

look at figure then draw it then after delay draw it again - draw it right away to see if it is motor or perceptual problem

longitudinal study

look at one group to see what chnages

hm memory loss

lost declarative memory with antereograde and retrograde amnesia still had procedural memory eg skills

what causes lack of thiamine

many heavy drinkers have poor nutrition and alcohol can inflame stomach lining and impede vitamin absorption

issues with taxi study

maybe other reasons for increased posterior size so compared to bus drivers who do similar things except bus drivers follow pre selected route you dont have to navigate - taxi drivers have larger posterior, bus drivers have larger anterior taxi drivers also better at recognising landmarks and saying time taken to destinations but poorer on copying test

damage to hippocampus with morris water test

put rat in different positions to find the platform eg variable start / allocentric or constrant start / egocentric control rats have no problem either way, rats with damage starting in egocentric still learn it but with allocentric dont learn

hpc + rhinal damage

rey ossterieth figure - cant rememeber at all or draw something random

taxi drivers and hippocampus

taxi drivers do a lot of spatial learning and show increased posterior hippocampal volume and is area involved in spatial learning - anterior hippocampus went smaller

what did they remove in hm

temporal lobe temporal pole hippocampus

egocentric

the frame of reference is the individual eg left of me