Lecture test #5

62) The nuclei of which cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain? A) I and II B) II and III C) III and IV D) IV and V E) V and VI

C) III and IV

31) Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the A) jugular veins. B) central canal. C) arachnoid granulations. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) frontal sinus.

C) arachnoid granulations.

8) The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity. A) somatic B) peripheral C) autonomic D) afferent E) motor

C) autonomic

132) Synaptic delay is caused by A) neurotransmitter diffusion. B) binding of acetylcholine to post-synaptic receptors. C) calcium influx and neurotransmitter release. D) production and transport of neurotransmitter within the neuron. E) the lack of permeability of the post-synaptic membrane.

C) calcium influx and neurotransmitter release

122) The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) chloride. E) magnesium

C) calcium.

37) On which structure do most neuron to neuron communications occur? A) 2 B) 1 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

B) 1

28) ________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS. A) Sensory neurons B) Motor neurons C) Unipolar neurons D) Bipolar neurons E) Interneurons

E) Interneurons

63) Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the ________ matter. A) white B) gray C) neural D) brain E) ganglion

B) gray

154) There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. A) 2 B) 6 C) 12 D) 22 E) 31

C) 12

119) Below are the events that occur during continuous propagation of action potential. Select the correct order in which the events occur. 1. Adjacent membrane segment depolarizes. 2. Local current spreads to adjacent voltage gated channel. 3. Threshold is met. 4. Local current develops due to sodium moving in the cytosol. A) 2,4,3,1 B) 2,4,1,3 C) 4,2,3,1 D) 4,2,1,3 E) 1,4,2,3

C) 4,2,3,1

82) The hypothalamus produces which two hormones? A) ADH and epinephrine B) epinephrine and norepinephrine C) ADH and oxytocin D) growth hormone and melatonin E) oxytocin and melatonin

C) ADH and oxytocin

30) The structures labeled "1" are dendrites. Their membranes contain numerous chemicallygated ion channels. A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false. B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false

C) Both statements are true.

73) ________ open or close in response to binding specific molecules. A) Leak channels B) Activated channels C) Chemically gated channels D) Voltage-gated channels E) Voltage-gated and chemically gated channels

C) Chemically gated channels

36) Which part(s) of the neuron can propagate an action potential? A) 1 B) 1 and 2 C) 2 and 3 D) 3

D) 3

176) Identify the spinal accessory nerve (XI). A) 10 B) 11 C) 9 D) 6 E) 3

D) 6

1) The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue. A) 15 percent B) 25 percent C) 68 percent D) 97 percent E) 35 percent

D) 97 percent

39) ________ carry sensory information to the CNS. A) Motor neurons B) Efferent neurons C) Multipolar neurons D) Afferent neurons E) Interneurons

D) Afferent neurons

11) ________ nerves are nerves that connect to the brain. A) Spinal B) Unmyelinated C) Myelinated D) Cranial E) Interneural

D) Cranial

137) Which neurotransmitter has a direct effect on opening chloride channels? A) dopamine B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) GABA E) endorphins

D) GABA

74) ________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface. A) Voltage-gated B) Chemically gated C) Active D) Mechanically gated E) Leak

D) Mechanically gated

29) How does blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron? A) The neuron becomes unable to produce neurotransmitters. B) The neuron becomes unable to produce action potentials. C) The soma becomes unable to export products to the synaptic terminals. D) The soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon. E) The neuron becomes unable to depolarize when stimulated.

D) The soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon

123) Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) norepinephrine. B) adrenalin. C) serotonin. D) acetylcholine. E) GABA.

D) acetylcholine.

6) The ________ division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system. A) somatic B) peripheral C) autonomic D) afferent E) parasympathetic

D) afferent

17) The axon is connected to the soma at the A) telodendria. B) synaptic terminal. C) collaterals. D) axon hillock. E) synapse.

D) axon hillock.

45) Most neurons lack ________ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division. A) ribosomes B) endoplasmic reticula C) a nucleus D) centrioles E) cytoplasm

D) centrioles

15) When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences? A) thalamus B) pons C) midbrain D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata

D) cerebellum

120) The corpus callosum is composed of A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.

D) commissural fibers

5) Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum

D) diencephalon

13) The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the A) first. B) second. C) third. D) fourth. E) lateral.

D) fourth

19) The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called A) sulci. B) fissures. C) cortical folds. D) gyri. E) dural sinuses.

D) gyri.

171) What is the function of the nerve labeled "4"? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) hearing and balance E) eye movement

D) hearing and balance

116) The cerebral lobe posterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula. Answer: A

) parietal lobe.

78) The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as A) ataxia. B) aphasia. C) dysphagia. D) Parkinson's. E) epilepsy.

) ataxia

55) The medulla oblongata regulates A) somatic motor contractions. B) food intake. C) auditory reflexes. D) vision and hearing. E) blood pressure and respiration.

) blood pressure and respiration.

140) Which of the following neurotransmitters are known to bind to G-protein coupled receptors? A) epinephrine B) serotonin C) dopamine D) GABA E) All of these bind to G-protein coupled receptors.

) All of these bind to G-protein coupled receptors.

57) Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because A) electrical activity originates within the medulla. B) the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there. C) the blood might not be able to circulate properly around the brain. D) body temperature is controlled by the medulla. E) digestive processes are controlled by the medulla

) the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.

157) The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the A) abducens. B) facial. C) vagus. D) trigeminal. E) glossopharyngeal.

) trigeminal.

172) What is the function of the nerve labeled "5"? A) movement of the tongue B) facial expression C) vision D) taste E) visceral sensation and motor control

) visceral sensation and motor control

16) Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called A) neurofilaments. B) neurofibrils. C) perikaryon. D) Nissl bodies. E) microglia.

. D) Nissl bodies.

77) The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellar cortex. E) arbor vitae.

. D) cerebellar cortex.

42) The plasma membrane of an axon is called the A) axon terminal. B) neurilemma. C) myelin sheath. D) sarcolemma. E) axolemma.

. E) axolemma.

83) Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland? A) It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin. B) It is part of the hypothalamus and secretes oxytocin. C) It is part of the thalamus. D) It is part of the limbic system. E) It controls heart rate and blood pressure.

A) It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin

38) ________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints. A) Proprioceptors B) Internoceptors C) Photoreceptors D) Exteroceptors E) Pressoreceptors

A) Proprioceptors

10) ________ nerves are nerves that connect to the spinal cord. A) Spinal B) Cranial C) Afferent D) Multipolar E) Autonomic

A) Spinal

92) Which of the following statements about the action potential is false? A) The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions. B) During the repolarization phase, sodium channels close and potassium channels open. C) During the depolarization phase, membrane potential becomes positive. D) During the hyperpolarization phase, the ion pumps re-establish the sodium and potassium concentrations across the cell membrane. E) Repolarization occurs as potassium ions leave the axon

A) The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions.

79) The folds of the surface of the cerebellum A) are called folia and are less prominent than the cerebral folds. B) form a network of blood vessels over the brain. C) consist of axons and dendrites of neurons. D) are bathed in spinal fluid. E) are called sulci.

A) are called folia and are less prominent than the cerebral folds.

87) The anterior nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) secrete pituitary hormones. C) secrete melatonin. D) receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve. E) secrete pituitary hormones and melatonin.

A) are part of the limbic system.

61) If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) breathing B) control of blood pressure C) coordination D) sleep patterns E) judgment

A) breathing

121) Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system? A) chemical B) electrical C) mechanical D) processing E) radiative

A) chemical

37) In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid. A) choroid plexus B) jugular vein C) carotid artery D) vertebral artery E) dural sinus

A) choroid plexus

70) Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. E) inhibition.

A) depolarization

136) A deficiency in which neurotransmitter would cause Parkinson's-like symptoms? A) dopamine B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) GABA E) endorphins

A) dopamine

130) In a(n) ________ synapse, current flows directly between cells. A) electrical B) cell C) chemical D) osmotic E) gap

A) electrical

134) Which of the following is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that is important in learning and memory? A) glutamate B) gamma aminobutyric acid C) serotonin D) noradrenaline E) glycine

A) glutamate

6) The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) brain stem. D) mesencephalon. E) pons. Answer: A

A) hypothalamus.

83) Voltage-gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and a(n) ________ gate. A) inactivation B) ion C) swinging D) repolarization E) threshold

A) inactivation

56) This structure of the medulla oblongata relays information from the red nuclei, midbrain, and the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. A) inferior olivary complex B) reticular formation C) nucleus gracilis D) nucleus cuneatus E) solitary nucleus

A) inferior olivary complex

2) Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains. A) larger B) smaller C) the same size D) very smooth E) more convoluted

A) larger

114) The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) transverse fissure. D) parieto-occipital sulcus. E) postcentral sulcus.

A) longitudinal fissure.

8) Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum.

A) medulla oblongata

65) The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the A) midbrain. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) 4th ventricle. D) basal ganglion. E) cerebellum

A) midbrain.

11) As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become A) more complex. B) simpler. C) better understood. D) more crucial to visceral functions. E) critical to reflexes

A) more complex.

31) The structure labeled "2" is a(n) A) neurofilament. B) dendrite. C) initial segment. D) perikaryon. E) axon

A) neurofilament.

43) The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the A) neuron. B) axon. C) nerve. D) glial cell. E) receptor.

A) neuron.

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 121) The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. A) primary sensory B) primary motor C) visual D) olfactory E) auditory

A) primary sensory

125) If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked, A) synaptic transmission would fail. B) release of neurotransmitter would stop. C) smaller action potentials would result. D) the presynaptic membrane would be unable to reach threshold. E) the presynaptic neuron would release a different neurotransmitter.

A) synaptic transmission would fail.

3) During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) mesencephalon D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon

A) telencephalon

19) Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as A) telodendria. B) terminals. C) collaterals. D) dendrites. E) synapses.

A) telodendria

43) Which dural fold separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum? A) tentorium cerebelli B) falx cerebelli C) falx cerebri D) longitudinal fissure E) superior sagittal sinus

A) tentorium cerebelli

26) Sensory neurons of the PNS are A) unipolar. B) bipolar. C) anaxonic. D) multipolar. E) tripolar.

A) unipolar.

124) The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. What is the correct sequence for these events? 1. Chemically-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated. 2. Calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal. 3. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine. 4. An action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal at the presynaptic membrane. 5. The pre-synaptic terminal reabsorbs choline. 6. Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis. 7. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 8. Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the pre- synaptic terminal. A) 4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1 B) 4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 C) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5 D) 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3 E) 6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5

B) 4, 2, 6, 7, 1,

90) The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Sodium channels are inactivated. 2. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization. 3. Sodium channels regain their normal properties. 4. A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold. 5. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs. 6. Sodium channel activation occurs. 7. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs. What is the proper sequence of these events? A) 4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1 B) 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5 C) 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 D) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5 E) 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1

B) 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5

9) ________ carry motor information to peripheral effectors. A) Unipolar neurons B) Efferent neurons C) Multipolar neurons D) Afferent neurons E) Interneurons

B) Efferent neurons

156) The cranial nerves that innervate the extrinsic eye muscles are A) I, II, and III. B) III, IV, and VI. C) II, III, and IV. D) II and VI. E) III and V.

B) III, IV, and VI.

14) Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex? A) It is a deep layer of gray matter. B) It is a superficial layer of gray matter. C) It is a deep layer of white matter. D) It is a superficial layer of white matter. E) It is a deep layer of both white and gray matter.

B) It is a superficial layer of gray matter.

170) Identify the nerve labeled "3." A) facial B) abducens C) trochlear D) trigeminal E) vagus

B) abducens

3) The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated A) motor. B) afferent. C) efferent. D) autonomic. E) somatic.

B) afferent

91) The all-or-none principle states that A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials. C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the magnitude of the action potential. D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.

B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.

30) The choroid plexus is composed of A) lymphatic vessels. B) blood vessels. C) nerve fibers. D) ganglia. E) subarachnoid granulations.

B) blood vessels.

18) The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the A) basal ganglia. B) brain stem. C) mesencephalon. D) ventricles. E) diencephalon

B) brain stem.

88) The medial nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe. C) produce the hormone oxytocin. D) process visual information. E) process olfactory information

B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe

84) The pineal gland is part of the A) hypothalamus. B) diencephalon. C) midbrain. D) medulla oblongata. E) brainstem.

B) diencephalon.

86) Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? A) contains the mammillary body B) forms the roof of the diencephalon C) processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum D) forms the cerebrum E) creates the lateral ventricles

B) forms the roof of the diencephalon

100) Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A) primarily a functional grouping B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D) links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem E) functions in emotions, learning, and memory

B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

21) The passageway between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle is the A) posterior foramen. B) interventricular foramen. C) cerebral aqueduct. D) lateral foramen. E) central canal.

B) interventricular foramen.

89) The dorsal/posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the A) basal nuclei. B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei. C) mammillary body. D) interthalamic adhesion. E) red nucleus.

B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei.

58) Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) prefrontal cortex D) thalamus E) midbrain

B) medulla oblongata

73) Which of the following tracts is correctly matched? A) superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the spinal cord B) middle cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the pons C) inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the cerebrum D) superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the medulla oblongata E) inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the midbrain

B) middle cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the pons

133) Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) acetylcholine. B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) serotonin. E) GABA

B) norepinephrine.

173) What is the function of the structure labeled "7"? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) auditory E) eye movement

B) olfaction

5) The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system. A) somatic B) peripheral C) autonomic D) afferent E) parasympathetic

B) peripheral

7) The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.

B) pons.

119) The primary motor cortex is the surface of the A) insula. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) arcuate gyrus. E) corpus callosum.

B) precentral gyrus

21) The rabies virus travels to the CNS via A) anterograde axoplasmic transport. B) retrograde axoplasmic transport. C) blood vessels. D) subcutaneous connective tissue. E) cerebrospinal fluid.

B) retrograde axoplasmic transport.

85) Which of the following is not function of the hypothalamus? A) produces ADH B) secrete melatonin C) regulates body temperature D) secretes oxytocin E) controls autonomic centers

B) secrete melatonin

36) To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the A) subarachnoid space. B) superior sagittal sinus. C) carotid canal. D) inferior sagittal sinus. E) jugular foramen.

B) superior sagittal sinus

131) At a synapse the 0.2-0.5 milliseconds it takes for calcium influx and neurotransmitter release is called A) latency period. B) synaptic delay. C) recovery period. D) repolarization. E) synaptic diffusion.

B) synaptic delay.

33) Identify the structure labeled "4." A) synaptic terminals B) telodendria C) dendritic spines D) collateral branches E) axons Answer: B

B) telodendria

80) When potassium channels open and the ions diffuse through the membrane, A) the inside of the membrane will become more positive. B) the inside of the membrane will become more negative. C) there will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential. D) the membrane will become depolarized. E) the membrane will depolarize to threshold.

B) the inside of the membrane will become more negative

174) Identify the nerve labeled "11." A) oculomotor B) trigeminal C) trochlear D) abducens E) optic

B) trigeminal

62) Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter. A) gray B) white C) neural D) brain E) ganglion

B) white

1) The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. A) autonomic B) peripheral C) central D) efferent E) afferent

C) central

74) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) thalamus. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata

C) cerebellum.

129) At a(n) ________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to stimulate the postsynaptic membrane. A) electrical B) cell C) chemical D) osmotic E) gap

C) chemical

18) Branches that may occur along an axon are called A) telodendria. B) synaptic terminals. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) synapses.

C) collaterals

42) How rapidly is the CSF volume replaced? A) every 20 minutes B) every 2 hours C) every 8 hours D) every 2 days E) every week

C) every 8 hours

175) Identify the nerve labeled "12." A) trochlear B) trigeminal C) facial D) abducens E) vagus

C) facial

39) Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) basal ganglia. C) falx cerebri. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) septum pellucidum.

C) falx cerebri.

60) In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by A) producing new axons. B) regenerating cell bodies for the neurons. C) forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth. D) clearing away cellular debris. E) producing more satellite cells that fuse to form new axons.

C) forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth. D) clearing away cellular debris

17) The lateral ventricles are found A) in the cerebellar hemispheres. B) between the pons and the midbrain. C) in the cerebral hemispheres. D) in the diencephalon. E) in the spinal cord.

C) in the cerebral hemispheres.

71) Voltage-gated channels are present A) at the motor end plate. B) on the surface of dendrites. C) in the membrane that covers axons. D) on the soma of neurons. E) along the perikaryon of neurons.

C) in the membrane that covers axon

69) Ion channels that are always open are called ________ channels. A) active B) gated C) leak D) regulated E) local

C) leak

99) The system that functions in tying together emotions, motivation and memory is the A) reticular activating system. B) circadian system. C) limbic system. D) hypothalamic system. E) apneustic system.

C) limbic system.

115) Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri.

C) lobes.

79) Graded potentials A) produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation. B) produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface. C) may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization. D) are often all-or-none. E) cause repolarization.

C) may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization

14) The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is A) anaxonic. B) bipolar. C) multipolar. D) pseudopolar. E) unipolar.

C) multipolar

53) The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.

C) oligodendrocytes.

4) Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) brainstem E) cerebellum

C) prosencephalon

135) After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic terminal A) reabsorbs the acetylcholine. B) reabsorbs the acetate. C) reabsorbs the choline. D) reabsorbs axoplasm. E) pinches off and a new terminal grows.

C) reabsorbs the choline.

138) Which neurotransmitter has widespread effects on a person's attention and emotional state? A) dopamine B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) GABA E) endorphins

C) serotonin

25) The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the A) external carotid arteries. B) facial arteries. C) jugular veins. D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries. E) dural sinuses.

D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries.

54) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) thalamus.

D) medulla oblongata.

9) The cerebellum and pons develop from the A) telencephalon. B) diencephalon. C) mesencephalon. D) metencephalon. E) myelencephalon.

D) metencephalon.

55) Small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.

D) microglia.

72) The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump A) must reestablish ion concentrations after each action potential. B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. D) moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients. E) depends on a hydrogen gradient for energy.

D) moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients.

139) Which of the following neurotransmitters is a dissolved gas? A) serotonin B) glutamate C) aspartate D) nitric oxide E) histamine

D) nitric oxide

123) The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.

D) occipital lobe.

40) The dural sinuses form between which two layers of the cranial dura mater? A) pia and arachnoid layers B) periosteal and endosteal layers C) meningeal and cranial layers D) periosteal and meningeal layers E) superior and inferior sagittal layers

D) periosteal and meningeal layers

13) Which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons? A) anaxonic B) bipolar C) multipolar D) pseudopolar E) unipolar

D) pseudopolar

2) The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) afferent D) somatic E) autonomic

D) somatic

34) Identify the structure labeled "5." A) axons B) telodendria C) dendritic spines D) synaptic terminals E) collateral branch

D) synaptic terminals

10) Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum.

D) thalamus.

75) The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid

D) vermis.

54) ________ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal. A) Astrocytes B) Satellite cells C) Oligodendrocytes D) Microglia E) Ependymal cells

E) Ependymal cells

126) The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the A) frequency of neurotransmitter release. B) nature of the neurotransmitter. C) characteristics of the receptors. D) quantity of neurotransmitters released. E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

81) Ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways? A) through voltage-gated channels as in the action potential B) through passive or leak channels C) by ATP-dependent ion pumps like the sodium-potassium exchange pump D) through chemically gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

2) The axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following? A) neurotubules B) mitochondria C) vesicles D) neurofibrils E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

4) The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) heart muscle D) glandular E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

75) Any stimulus that opens a ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential. A) voltage-gated B) chemically gated C) sodium D) mechanically gated E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

29) Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? A) Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas. B) There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. C) The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. D) There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges. E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

32) Which type of membrane channels are found at label "3"? A) voltage-gated Na+ channels B) voltage-gated K+ channels C) chemically-gated Na+ and K+ channels D) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels E) both voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels

E) both voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels

147) The white structure that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the A) geniculate nucleus. B) basal ganglia. C) amygdala. D) arbor vitae. E) corpus callosum.

E) corpus callosum.

7) The ________ division of the nervous system carries motor commands to muscles and glands. A) spinal B) peripheral C) autonomic D) afferent E) efferent

E) efferent

12) The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata C) cerebrum D) pons E) hypothalamus

E) hypothalamus

64) The medulla oblongata relays auditory stimuli to the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.

E) inferior colliculi.

59) When pressure is applied to neural tissue, all of the following effects are possible except A) a decrease in blood flow. B) a decrease in available oxygen. C) a change in neuron excitability. D) glial cells degenerate. E) neurons are triggered to divide.

E) neurons are triggered to divide.

35) What is contained inside the structure labeled "5"? A) neuroglia B) sodium ions C) acetylcholinesterase D) calcium ions E) neurotransmitter molecules

E) neurotransmitter molecules

169) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) mammillary body B) infundibulum C) oculomotor nerve D) olfactory bulb E) optic nerve

E) optic nerve

117) The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) parietal and frontal lobes.

E) parietal and frontal lobes.

15) The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the A) protoplasm. B) nucleoplasm. C) sarcoplasm. D) neuroplasm. E) perikaryon.

E) perikaryon

20) The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) fornix. C) falx cerebri. D) corpus callosum. E) septum pellucidum

E) septum pellucidum

20) The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the A) telodendria. B) axolemma. C) collateral. D) hillock. E) synapse

E) synapse

120) A neuron that receives neurotransmitter from another neuron is called A) the presynaptic neuron. B) the motor neuron. C) an oligodendrocyte. D) a satellite cell. E) the postsynaptic neuron.

E) the postsynaptic neuron.

38) Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called A) plexuses. B) ganglia. C) sinuses. D) aqueducts. E) ventricles.

E) ventricles.

76) The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid

arbor vitae.

47) Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia? A) support B) memory C) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid D) maintenance of blood-brain barrier E) phagocytosis

memory