Lesson 11

According to the textbook, the leading cause of death for children and adults (under age 45) is: A) infectious diseases B) genetic defects C) injuries D) cancer

C

Among the differing components of Type A behavior, the one most clearly associated with coronary artery deterioration is: A) time urgency B) impatience C) hyperaggressivity/hostility D) competitiveness

C

Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease. Define Type A personality and discuss research regarding its validity.

There is the cluster of behaviors that put people at a considerable higher first for coronary heart disease, called Type A behavior pattern. This includes excessive competitiveness, time pressured impatience, accelerated speech and anger. Two major studies supported this theory. In the first study called the Western Collaborative Group Study, it was found that men who displayed a type A behavior pattern at the beginning of the study were at least twice as likely to develop CHD as men with type B behavior pattern. When the data was analyzed for men ages 39-49, type A were six times as likely to develop CHD. The second study called the Framingham Heart Study, categorized men and women into either type a or type b behavior pattern and it was found that both men and women with type a pattern were twice as likely to develop CHD (in men the risk was almost 3X as great.)

Currently, in the United States, some of the major contributing factors to illness and death are: A) behavioral and psychological B) pharmacological and hormonal C) viral and bacterial D) neurological and endocrinological

A

What is the name of the new field of study that reflects the shift in focus from infectious disease to psychological/behavioral factors as causes of illness and death? A) behavioral medicine B) abnormal psychology C) physical medicine D) medical psychology

A

Which of the following is not an accurate pairing of a term with its definition? A) ischemia = death of heart tissue when a specific artery becomes completely clogged with plaque B) atherosclerosis = obstruction caused by fatty substances or plaques building up inside the arteries C) coronary heart disease = blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle D) angina pectoris = chest pain resulting from partial obstruction of the arteries

A

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between stress and AIDS? A) psychological factors that help maintain a strong immune system may slow the progression of AIDS B) even if an individual has contracted HIV, AIDS can be prevented by maintaining low levels of stress C) AIDS selectively destroys the portions of the brain that moderate the stress response D) stress does not appear to influence the progression of AIDS

A

Relationship between stress and the immune system. What is the HPA axis? What are stress hormones? Is there a "lab" test to measure stress levels in human beings?

Activity of the endocrine system increases when we are stressed, primarily through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is the brain-endocrine system connection implicated in some psychological disorders. Stress hormones are the group of hormones, including corticosteroids, involved in the body's physiological stress response. Corticosteroid hormones, including cortisol, are released by the adrenal gland in response to stressors to activate and, later, to turn off the body's stress response.

A treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome that Michael Sharpe developed includes all of the following except : A) regulated rest periods B) breathing exercises C) medication D) increased activity

C

According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following is the best protection against acquiring AIDS? A) being treated for HIV before it develops into AIDS B) deciding to be sexually abstinent after years of being sexually active C) changing risky behaviors that can lead to disease acquisition D) getting an injection of the AIDS vaccine

C

Cases of high blood pressure that have no verifiable physical cause are called: A) extraordinary stressors B) hypovolemia C) essential hypertension D) psychological hypotension

C

Comprehensive pain-management programs usually include programs for teaching patients about: A) relaxation B) neither meditation nor relaxation C) both meditation and relaxation D) meditation

C

Mr. V. is participating in a clinical research study that is investigating psychological factors that may influence the development of heart disease. When he is instructed to imagine a situation in which he was very angry, the sensors monitoring his heart reveal that: A) he is having a "painless" heart attack B) his heartbeat has slowed significantly C) his heart is pumping less efficiently D) the area around his heart has become swollen and inflamed

C

Which of the following is an interdisciplinary field that applies knowledge about human thoughts, emotions, and activities to prevent, diagnose, and treat medical problems? A) neuropsychology B) clinical psychology C) behavioral medicine D) health psychology

C

Explore how changes in attitudes and lifestyle behaviors affect illness and death. Give examples of behaviors that are known to impact negatively on health. Why are individuals resistant to behavioral change?

High levels of stress and depression and low levels of social support have been associated with a faster progression to disease. There are two ways in which psychological and social factors influence health and physical problems: 1) Affect basic biological processes that lead to illness and disease. 2) Long-standing behavior patterns may put people at risk to develop certain physical disorders. Three most common lifestyle behaviors that put us at risk for physical disorders: smoking, poor eating habits and lack of exercise. They are all grouped under the table lifestyle because they are mostly enduring habits that are an integral part of a person's daily living pattern.

All of the following are examples of "pain behaviors" except : A) complaining about pain to others B) suffering in silence C) grimacing D) positional changes (while sitting or walking)

B

Biofeedback can teach people how to: A) develop more supportive social networks related to physical health B) consciously control physiological functions that are outside awareness C) control their facial expressions to control their mood D) reduce their competitive drive and sense of urgency

B

In 2011, it was estimated that the total number of people afflicted with HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, was more than: A) 23 million B) 30-40 million C) 40-50 million D) 13 million

B

In a stressful events record, clients in a pain management program are asked to record: A) somatic symptoms only B) thoughts that occur during stress as well as somatic symptoms C) intensity of the stress, but not thoughts or somatic symptoms D) thoughts that occur during stress but not somatic symptoms

B

One of the most successful efforts to reduce risk factors for a medical condition involved three entire communities in California in which residents received different types of interventions or no intervention at all (for the community that served as the control group). The targeted condition in this effort was: A) diabetes B) heart disease C) obesity D) cancer

B

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate? A) for women, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s B) for women, the highest risk is between 15 and 25 C) the age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females D) the age range for risk is younger for men than for women

B

Which of the following is not a psychosocial treatment for physical disorders? A) hypnosis B) relaxation training C) biofeedback D) electroconvulsive therapy

D

Which of the following is not one of the three of the most common behaviors that put us at risk for physical disorders? A) lack of exercise B) smoking C) unhealthy eating habits D) watching too much TV

D