Lesson 1.2 - Facial Bones

Describe the angle of the mandible

-Angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the rams of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible -Responsible for suggesting the frontal geometric head shape of the adult skull

The general shape of the skull can be observed from what three viewpoints?

-Frontal -Side/profile -Crown

Name the 4 External Cranial Bones.

-Occipital Bones -Parietal Bone -Temporal Bone -Frontal Bone

Describe the Incisive fossa.

-The area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth -The depression found immediately below the 4 front teeth

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum on a living body?

Allows for the passage of the spinal cord

a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.

Alveolar process

an abnormal protrusion of the alveolar process(es).

Alveolar prognathism

a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible.

Angle of the mandible

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw.

Body (of the mandible)

the arched portion of the nose which is supported by the nasal bones.

Bridge of the nose

the space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity.

Buccal cavity

The shallow concavities of the cheeks, natural on some persons which extend obliquely downward from below either the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones.

Buccal depression

The gristle or white elastic substance attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures such as the septum of the nose and the framework of the ear.

Cartilage

the fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose; located between the nostrils; the most inferior part of the mass of the nose.

Columna nasi

A rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone; the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible.

Condyle

Compare and contrast the condyle and the coronoid process.

Condyle- Posterior, articulating division of the ramus, fits into the mandibular fossa Coronoid- Anterior, non-articulating division of the ramus

the anterior, non-articulating process of the ramus of the mandible which serves as the insertion for the temporalis muscle.

Coronoid process

The part of the skull which encloses the brain.

Cranium

the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

Cribriform plate

The topmost part of the head.

Crown

Oblique insertion of the teeth (buck teeth)

Dental prognathism

The opening of the temporal bone which allows for the ear passage

External Auditory Meatus

Ear passage; the deep hole located in the inferior portion of the medial 1/3 of the ear on the anterior border.

External auditory meatus

Anatomically, the region from the eyes to the base of the chin; physiognomically, the region from the normal hairline to the base of the chin.

Face

Opening in the occipital bone through which passes the spinal cord from the brain; midway between the two mastoid processes.

Foramen magnum

The large opening of the occipital bone is called the

Foremen Magnum

The external cranial bone that forms both the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull

Frontal Bone

The anterior 1/3 of the cranium, forming the forehead.

Frontal bone

paired, rounded, unmargined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline.

Frontal eminences

Located between the superciliary arches and the inferior part of the frontal bone at the root of the nose.

Glabella

The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth.

Hard palate

The area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth.

Incisive fossa

a form of prognathism in which the base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally.

Infranasal prognathism

The slightly raised, curved ridge on the surface of the frontal bone that marks the end of the forehead and the beginning of the temporal region

Lines of the Temple

slightly raised, curved ridges located at the boundary between the forehead and the temple region; marks the lateral border of the forehead.

Lines of the temple

The horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw.

Mandible

Glenoid fossae; the small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus.

Mandibular fossa

a protrusion of the inferior jaw.

Mandibular prognathism

The large posterior eminence of the temporal bone that lies just posterior and inferior to the ear lobe

Mastoid process

the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bone just posterior to the lobe of the ear.

Mastoid process

A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit.

Maxilla

The bones which form the upper jaw

Maxillae- 2 fuse together

a protrusion of the superior jaw.

Maxillary prognathism

List and describe the 5 types of prognathisms.

Maxillary- the upper lip projects as it descends Mandibular- the lower lip and chin protrude beyond the upper lip Alveolar- the lips protrude to meet while the chin recedes Dental- the oblique insertion of the teeth Infranasal- the shaft of the nose inclines forward at a far greater angle than normally

a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible.

Mental eminence

The two bones which lie directly inferior to the Glabella

Nasal Bones

Those facial bones that form a dome over the nasal cavity

Nasal Bones

Directly inferior to the glabella and it forms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity; triangular form.

Nasal bones

the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.

Nasal cavity

the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.

Nasal spine of the maxilla

lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain.

Occipital bone

the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.

Occipital protuberance

Bony receptacle containing the eyeball; orbital cavity; orbit.

Orbital cavity

The widest measurement of the cranium is between what structures?

Parietal Eminences

Superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium, as well as the posterior 2/3 of the roof of the cranium.

Parietal bones

the rounded peak of the external convexity of each parietal bone; determines the widest part of the cranium.

Parietal eminence

Describe the Superior Nuchal line of the occipital bone.

Projection of bone at the posterior inferior portion of the skull

The vertical portion of the mandible.

Ramus Septum

The vertical cartilage that separates the two cavities of the nasal cavity

Septal Cartilage- Septum

A recession in the temporal cavity.

Squama

The mastoid process is used for the attachment of what muscle?

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)

The bony landmarks of the frontal bone that lie on the lower part of the forehead and just above the medial ends of the eyebrows

Superciliary Arches

the inferior parts of the forehead just superior to the medial ends of the eyebrows.

Supercilliary arches

What are the bony structures which form the superior border of the eye socket? ... the lateral border? ... the inferior border? ... medial border?

Superior- Supra Orbital Margin of the frontal bone Lateral- Zygpmatic- Frontal Process Inferior- Zygomatic bone, superior maxillary Medial- Superior Maxillary, Frontal Bone

The bony landmark of the frontal bone that forms the upper bony rim of the eye socket

Supra Orbital Margin

the superior rim of the eye socket.

Supra-orbital margin

The external cranial bones that create the inferior sides of the cranium

Temporal Bone

form the inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium; inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone.

Temporal bone

the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone.

Temporal cavity

Describe where the Frontal eminences are located.

The intersection of the vertical and horizontal divisions of the frontal bone

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum on a decapitated body?

To reattach the head

bone of the nasal cavity situated between the nasal passages on the median plane; it forms the inferior and posterior portion of the septum of the nose.

Vomer

The bony structure which projects anteriorly from the squama of the temporal bone

Zygomatic Arch

The widest part of the face is measured between these structures

Zygomatic Bones

The widest measurement of the anterior plane of the face is measured between these bones

Zygomatic Process

The processes on the temporal and the zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face.

Zygomatic arch (process)

one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic arch depression

bones of the cheeks; zygoma, malar diamond-shaped surfaces; forms the cheekbones.

Zygomatic bone

The bony landmarks of the maxillary bones which serve as sockets for the teeth

alveolar process

The horseshoe shaped lower portion of the mandible

body

The rounded, unmargined prominences at the upper portion of the forehead are called

frontal eminences

The singular elevation of the frontal bone found just superior to the bridge of the nose and medial from the superciliary arches

glabella

What, if any, is the difference between the male and female skull after puberty?

male skulls are generally thicker and heavier with sloping, less rounded forehead (frontal bone)

The lower jaw

mandible

The small oval depression of the temporal bone that forms the socket for the condyle of the lower jaw

mandibular fossa

The bony prominence of the chin

mental eminence

The bone of the maxillary bones that protrudes superiorly into the nasal cavity

nasal spine

The external cranial bone that creates the lowest part of the back and base of the skull.

occipital bone

What is the general shape of the skull?

oval

The external cranial bones which create the superior portion of the sides and back of the skull and the posterior 2/3 of the roof of the skull

parietal bone

What bony structure was where cranial ossification began?

parietal eminences

The vertical portion of the mandible

ramus

The vertical portion of the Temporal bone

squama

The facial bone that anchors the septal cartilage

vomer bone

Another name for the cheek bones

zygomatic bones