Lesson 2 ☆

When did city life emerge?

3500-2000 BCE

Which statement about the Sumerian family is correct?

Adoption was a way for a family to gain a male heir.

Which of the following contributed to the development of a warfare-dominated culture in Europe?

Agricultural communities were producing surpluses, so residents had to protect their land and resources from encroaching neighbors.

Why did ancient China develop more slowly than other early civilizations in the Indus Valley or the Fertile Crescent?

China's geographical barriers and lack of easily domesticated plants and animals isolated it.

Which of the following suggests a contrast between Harappan and Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations?

Harappan elites did not build palaces, grand royal tombs, or impressive monumental structures.

Why is Sargon the Great notable?

He established the first territorial state.

Which of the following was an indication of cultural contact with the Longshan culture?

In different regions, people began to produce similar pottery and tools.

What was the purpose of the Mesopotamian temple?

It functioned like a large household engaged in all sorts of productive activities.

In comparison to Mesopotamia and Harappa, how did the Old Kingdom grow?

It grew without a uniting or centralizing city.

Which statement about the state ideology of ancient Egypt is correct?

It included a contractual relationship between the active king and the passive and serene gods.

In scribal cultures, including Mesopotamia and Egypt, what was the role of writing?

It sharpened the difference between urban and rural worlds.

In ancient Egypt, how was demotic writing used?

It was used extensively because it was a cursive script written with ink on pottery or papyrus.

Which of the following best describes the people in the Aegean, Anatolia, and Europe, who lived outside of the river basins?

The had a distinctive warrior-based ethos.

Why do historians know very little about Harappan society today?

Their writing has not been translated.

In both Egypt and Mesopotamia, what did agrarian surpluses and urbanization lead to?

There were heightened standards of living and increased population sizes.

By 3500 BCE, what was one indication that Europeans had coalesced into larger communities?

They constructed megaliths.

What did people in river-basin cities do?

They developed lifestyles based on the mass production of goods and divisions of labor.

Which statement about the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers is correct?

They required farmers to develop irrigation systems to control periods of high and low water.

Which of the following best describes South America, around 3500 BCE?

Trade developed between fishing villages on the coast and agricultural villages in the interior.

Which of the following statements about the rise of trade is correct?

Trade was aided by the establishment of settled communities, which typically locally lacked some needed goods.

In which of the following Anatolian cities did archaeologists find grave goods, indicating trade links with Mesopotamia and Crete?

Troy

What city became the first large commercial and administrative center in the world?

Uruk

Why were royal palaces introduced to Mesopotamian cities?

Warrior chiefs, responsible for defending cities, built palaces (big houses) in contrast to the priesthood's temples.

Who initially ran Afro-Eurasian city-states?

assemblies of elders and young men

Which of the following was crucial to the spread of pastoral nomads in the steppes region of Afro-Eurasia?

domesticating horses

What caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt?

feuding between the factions of the political elite

What was the primary requirement for the emergence of Afro-Eurasian cities, as opposed to villages?

innovations in irrigation

Who maintained the ancient Egyptian system of using the Nile floodwaters?

local villagers

Which of the following is the location of an early river-valley civilization?

the Nile River valley

Near which river(s) were Mesopotamian urban centers located?

the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Which of the following was essential for Harappan trade with Mesopotamia?

the extraction and processing of gemstones

In ancient Egypt, which of the following was the primary task of the ruler?

to bring order and stability (ma'at)

What was the first use of writing in Mesopotamia?

to monitor and control economic transactions

Which of the following is a significant intellectual advance of early urban enclaves?

writing systems

Which of the following was the basis for agriculture in the Niger Valley?

yams

In Mesopotamia, what was the stepped platform base of a temple called?

ziggurat

What made the Indus Valley unique in comparison to the Ganges River valley?

The Indus Valley had plentiful water from the Himalayas that ensured flourishing vegetation.

Why did the ancient Egyptians view the world and the gods as essentially beneficent, in contrast to the worldview of the Mesopotamians?

The Nile River predictability flooded each year.

What did Herodotus think of the Nile basin?

The Nile basin formed a highly coherent culture stretched out along the banks of the Nile River.