Lesson 3 (CH18) DSM - Cardio-Heart (Brasher AP II)

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________.

right atrium

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "A."

right pulmonary artery

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________.

right ventricle and moves to the lungs

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the __________.

sinoatrial node (SA node)

The role of the atrioventricular node (AV node) is to __________.

slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood

The endocardium is composed of __________.

squamous epithelium

A condition in which the valve flaps of the heart become stiff and constrict the opening is called _________.

stenosis

What does SV stand for?

stroke volume

Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "A."

the SA node

Cardiac output is __________.

the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute

The trabeculae carneae are located in the __________.

ventricles

What is stenosis?

when valvular flaps become stiff/less pliable and constrict the opening

Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue?

Large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm

The right atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?

vena cavae

The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called __________.

coronary arteries

What is the 'destination' of the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "A."

Left coronary artery

Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "C."

Subendocardial conducting network

Match the following term with its correct description: Tricuspid valve.

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

"The coronary arteries receive blood from the _______.

aorta

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "F."

apex

The left atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?

pulmonary veins

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "A."

Fibrous pericardium layer

Using the graphic, select the letter that identifies the stage(s) of the cardiac cycle during which ventricular filling is occurring.

A & B

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "D."

AV bundle (bundle of His)

Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "B."

AV node

Which of the following is the best description of the events in the cardiac cycle?

All of the events during one heart beat

Match the following abbreviation with its definition: SV.

Amount of blood ejected by one contraction of the heart

Match the following abbreviation with its definition: ESV.

Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of contraction

Match the following abbreviation with its definition: EDV.

Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of relaxation

Match the following abbreviation with its definition: CO

Amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "D."

Anastomosis

What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae?

Anchor the AV valves in the closed position

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "E."

Anterior interventricular artery

The coronary arteries receive blood from the _______.

Aorta

Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Left ventricle and aorta.

Aortic semilunar valve

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Left ventricle.

Aortic semilunar valve

Identify the stage of the cardiac cycle indicated by "B."

Atrial contraction

Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Left atrium and left ventricle.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

What makes the heart valves open and close?

Blood pressure

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "E."

Bundle branches

What does CO stand for?

Cardiac output abbrev

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "B."

Circumflex artery

Match the following term to its correct description: Systole.

Contraction

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "D."

Coronary sinus

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "F."

Endocardium layer

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "D."

Epicardium layer

Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer?

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Match the following structure with its description: Endocardium.

Glistening white sheet of endothelium lining the inside of the heart

A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears a swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition?

Incompetent cardiac valve

Identify the stage of the cardiac cycle indicated by "C."

Isovolumetric contraction phase

Identify the stage of the cardiac cycle indicated by "E."

Isovolumetric relaxation

Which of the following is not a role of the pericardium?

It facilitates heart contraction.

Match the following structure with its description: Fibrous pericardium.

Loosely fitting superficial part of the sac enclosing the heart

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "E."

Middle cardiac vein

Match the following structure with its description: Myocardium.

Middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Left atrium.

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Match the following term with its correct description: Atrial depolarization.

P wave

What muscles prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting during ventricular contraction?

Papillary muscles

Which of the following would lead to a decrease in heart rate?

Parasympathetic stimulation

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "B."

Parietal layer of serous pericardium layer

Identify the stage of the cardiac cycle indicated by "A."

Passive ventricular filling

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "C."

Pericardial cavity (layer)

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "F."

Posterior interventricular artery

Match the following term with its correct description: Aortic semilunar valve.

Prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle

Match the following term with its correct description: Pulmonary semilunar valve.

Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Right ventricle.

Pulmonary SL valve

Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

Pulmonary semilunar valve

The right ventricle sends blood into the _____________

Pulmonary trunk

Match the given term with its correct description: Ventricular depolarization.

QRS complex

Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart.

Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "C."

Right coronary artery

Match the following term to its correct description: Posterior interventricular artery.

Runs to the apex of the heart

Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system with the fastest depolarizing pacemaker cells?

SA node

Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart.

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network

Match the following term to its correct description: Anterior interventricular artery.

Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Match the following term to its correct description: Right marginal artery.

Supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium

Which of the following phrases describes the circumflex artery?

Supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle

Match the following term with its correct description: Ventricular repolarization.

T wave

Match the following term to its correct description: Preload.

The degree to which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract

Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the heart wall?

The epicardium

Match the following term to its correct description: Cardiac cycle.

The events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat

Match the following abbreviation with its definition: HR

The frequency of heart beats

Which of the following statements is not true about the shape, position, and location of the heart?

The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane

Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart?

The mitral, or bicuspid, valve

Match the following term to its correct description: Stroke volume.

The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat

Match the following structure with its description: Serous pericardium.

Thin, slippery, two-layered membrane

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Right atrium.

Tricuspid valve

Which of the following phrases describes pulmonary veins?

Two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium

Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle has gap junctions between cells (that allow them to be autorhythmic).

Match the following term with its correct description: Mitral valve.

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "B."

Ventricular depolarization

Identify the stage of the cardiac cycle indicated by "D."

Ventricular ejection phase

Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "C."

Ventricular repolarization

The superior chambers of the heart are called the __________.

atria

The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents __________.

atrial depolarization

Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "A."

atrial depolarization (initial)

Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system where the impulse is delayed for 0.1 sec?

atrioventricular node (AV node)

The ability of some cardiac muscle cells to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called __________.

automaticity

The __________ are attached to the AV valve flaps.

chordae tendineae

The second heart sound (the 'dup' of 'lub-dup') is caused by the __________.

closure of the semilunar valves

What does EDV stand for?

end-diastolic volume

What does ESV stand for?

end-systolic volume

The lining of the heart chambers is called the __________.

endocardium

The cells of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a __________.

functional syncytium

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "C."

great cardiac vein

What is endocarditis?

inflammation of the endocardium; most often results from infection by bacteria that have entered the bloodstream and usually affects the heart valves

Match the following structure with its description: Epicardium.

inner layer of pericardium (visceral layer)

The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the __________.

left and right ventricles

Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.

left atrium; left ventricle

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "B."

left pulmonary veins

The walls of the __________ are thicker than the walls of any other heart chamber.

left ventricle

What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump?

left ventricle

"During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.

left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the __________.

left ventricle into the left atrium

Match the following term to its correct description: Diastole.

relaxation

Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from __________.

mesoderm

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "E."

myocardium layer

The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the __________.

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Failure of which heart valve would allow blood to move from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

the bicuspid valve

The left ventricle receives blood from ___ _______.

the left atrium

The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which __________.

the muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength

Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Right atrium and right ventricle.

the tricuspid valve

What is stenosis typically due to?

to calcium salt deposits or scar tissue that forms following endocarditis

The __________ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node.

vagus