Life-Span Development Chapter 2

seven

A baby's sex can be determined ____ weeks into the pregnancy.

genetic code

A fertilized egg carries our entire _____ _____ - information that helps us grow from that single cell to a person made of trillions of cells.

dominant gene

A gene that overrides the potential influence of the other gene.

evocative genotype-environment correlation

A happy, outgoing child elicits smiles and friendly responses from others.

decrease

According to life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes, the benefits conferred by evolutionary selection ____ with age.

bidirectional

Albert Bandura's alternative to evolutionary psychology is a ____ view in which environmental and biological conditions influence each other.

genotype

All of a person's genetic material make up his ____.

Gene x Environment Interaction

An increasing number of studies that are exploring how the interaction between heredity and environment influence development are called ____.

seven

An ultrasound is usually conducted ____ weeks into a pregnancy.

mitosis

Cells in our body reproduce through the process known as ____.

mutated

Chance events, a mistake by cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation may produce a ____ gene, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA.

Actice (niche-picking) genotype-envirinment correlation

Children actively seek out "niches" in their environment that reflect their own interestd

placenta

Chronic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal medical procedure in which a small sample of the ____ is removed.

adapted

Darwin argued that the survivors are best ____ to their world than are the nonsurvivors.

dizygotic twins

Fraternal twins, called ____ twins, develop when two eggs are fertilized by different sperm, creating two zygotes that are no more similar than ordinary siblings.

mutated

Genes that are missing, nonfunctional, or ____ can contribute to disorders

monozygotic

Identical twins, also called _____ twins, develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically identical replicas.

reproduce, pass on

In evolutionary theory, what matters is that individuals live long enough to ____ and ______ their characteristics.

Males

Males or Females are more effected by a sex-linked gene because it is on the X chromosome and they have no "backup" copy to counter the harmful gene.

spina bifida or Down syndrome

Maternal blood screening identifies pregnancies that have elevated risk for birth defects such as ____ or ____.

passive genotype-environment correlation

Musically inclined parents usually have musically inclined children, and they are likely to provide an environment rich in music for their children.

True

T/F The majority of adopted children adjust effectively and their parents report satisfaction with the decision to adopt.

Human Genome Project

The ___ ___ ___ has recently conducted genome-wide studies for cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, suicide, glaucoma, and Alzheimer disease.

Natural selection

The evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce.

recessive gene

The gene that is overridden by the dominant gene or is only expressed when both genes are recessive.

variability

The human genetic process creates several important sources of ____.

in vitro fertilization

The most common fertility procedure used today is ____ ____ ____.

phenotype

The observable characteristics of how genotypes are expressed. (height, weight, hair color)

meiosis

The type of cell division that form eggs and sperm is ____.

proteins

These are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's processes.

stess, exercise, nutrition, respiration, radiation, temperature, and sleep

What factors can influence gene expression?

fMRI - fetal MRI

What test can provide more detailed images than an ultrasound.

nurture

What type of environmental influences are parenting, family dynamics, school, and neighborhood?

biological encounters

What type of environmental influences are viruses, birth complications, or things happening at the cellular level?

fertilization

When an egg and sperm fuse together into a single cell.

zygote

When an egg is fertilized by sperm it form a single cell called a ____.

16 and 34

Women between age _________ are less likely to give birth to a child with Down syndrome.

Adaptive behavior

____ _____ is the behavior that promotes an organism's survival in its natural habitat.

DNA

a complex molecule that has a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and contains genetic information

evolutionary psychology

emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior

Down syndrome

is a form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21

sickle-cell anemia

is a gene-linked abnormality occuring most often in African Americans.

criticisms of evolutionary psychology

it is one-sided not adequately valuing social/envirn factors relies on after-the-fact explanations cannot be tested

polygenic

means that many different genes determine a characteristic

chromosomes

threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

genes

units of hereditary information, short segments of DNA. They help cells to reproduce themselves and t assemble proteins.