LIFEPAC History and Geography 1006- Self Test 2
George Washington
American commander during the Battle of Trenton
None
American commander during the Return March to Boston
John Paul Jones
American commander during the Seizure of Seraphis
Captain John Parker
American commander during the battles of Lexington and Concord
Crossed the Delaware at night--surprise attack
American strategy during the Battle of Trenton
Used every means of concealment as they shot--trees, shrubs, and so on
American strategy during the Return March to Boston
Just defending their city, attempting to show they were serious
American strategy during the battles of Lexington and Concord
What disadvantages did England have in battle?
Fought far from home; had to transport equipment and men across the Atlantic; unfamiliar with the geography of the land; English citizens not totally behind the war effort; had to hire Hessians to fight; poor leadership
What advantages did the Americans have in battle?
Fought on home soil; protecting their homes; and good knowledge of the land
False
George Washington was chosen by the First Continental Congress to lead the Continental army
Divine Right
God's will to rule
What disadvantages did the Americans have in battle?
Greatly outnumbered at sea; some state troops only allowed to fight within state; Congress had little power (couldn't tax to raise support for the war); militia had little organized training
Spanish Armada
(1588) Britain became a naval power after defeating
Trade Laws
King George III demanded that the colonies obeyed the
Why were the American colonists accused for poor backing in the French and Indian War?
Most refused to support the British troops, both financially and by continued trade with the French, and many states only allowed their men to fight within their borders.
James I encountered problems with
Parliament
True
Parliament gained power with the fading of the king's veto power
True
Parliament rarely opposed Queen Elizabeth's rulings
True
Patrick Henry and Thomas Paine were famous colonial patriot leaders
Three Calvinist Groups
Presbyterians, Puritans, Separatists
Calvinist
Puritans' and Presbyterians' religious belief
Tudor
Queen Elizabeth's royal line
Psychologically inspired Americans to keep fighting
Significance of the Battle of Trenton
Aroused American's will to fight and showed new way of fighting
Significance of the Return March to Boston
First battle of Revolution, beginning of actual fighting
Significance of the battles of Lexington and Concord
True
Sir Robert Walpole was the first British prime minister
False
The 1781 Treaty of Paris ended the hostilities, giving the colonists their independence
False
The Act of Settlement secured important personal rights for English citizens
True
The Church of England was established under Henry VIII
True
The Declaration of Independence, America's "birth certificate" was signed on July 4, 1776
True
The Habeas Corpus Act assured trial within twenty days
What kind of people became colonists in America and why?
The middle and lower classes came because it was encouraged, there was constant political upheaval between the Stuarts and Parliament, religious friction among the Anglicans, Puritans, and Catholics, and there were poor economic conditions
What advantage did this custom give Americans?
They were able to attack the British by surprise at night in Trenton by crossing the Delaware River
True
Today, Britain's monarch is mainly a figurehead of tradition
Tories
Under Charles II, they wanted a strong hereditary king, not with absolute power, that was greater than Parliament. Also for the Anglican Church to remain strong against Calvinists.
A large amount of colonial products could only be sold in Great Britain, discouraging businessmen
What restrictions did England put on her American colonies in trading?
Discouraged foreign trade
What restrictions did England put on her American colonies in trading?
Enforced mercantilism
What restrictions did England put on her American colonies in trading?
It stated that good sold to the colonies from other European countries first had to be inspected and taxed in England
What restrictions did England put on her American colonies in trading?
Products shipped from the colonies had to be transported on English ships with English crews
What restrictions did England put on her American colonies in trading?
Americans
Won the Battle of Trenton
Americans
Won the Return March to Boston
British/Americans
Won the battles of Lexington and Concord
Boston Tea Party
a major step towards war with England
Companies, Proprietors, and Wealthy Englishmen
founded American colonies
Charters
gave owners authority to govern, entitled owners to any profits earned, and guaranteed colonists personal rights of Englishmen
Governors, Governor's Council, and Assemblies
governed the colonies by the mid 1700's
Monarchy
government by a hereditary ruler
The King's Charters
guaranteed colonists the same rights as Englishmen
Parliament
legislative body of England
Stuart
line of kings begun by James I
False
Charles 1 dissolved Parliament because of war with Scotland
True
Colonial soldiers spent a bitter winter at Valley Forge
Why were the French a threat to young America?
Colonists moving west were checked and harassed by French who owned land beyond the Appalachian Mountains
False
Cornwallis's attack on Lexington and Concord sparked the Revolutionary War
False
Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown was a combined effort of colonists on land and Spanish at sea
True
Cromwell left no able leader to take his place
Military Dictator
Cromwell ruled over England as
Whigs and Tories
England's political parties came from
Virginia (1607)
English colonization in the New World began
Writs of Assistance
the documents that allowed the English to search anywhere at anytime
First Continental Congress
the first official meeting of all the colonies
Oliver Cromwell
the leader of the Roundhead victory over the Cavaliers
Prime Minister
the true power; brings the rulers' ideas to cabinet and Parliament; is the recognized leader of the majority party in the House of Commons
When Charles I sent troops into the House of Commons,
this action resulted in open warfare in the English Revolution
James I was Catholic
this caused problems during his reign
Parliament had very limited power
under the Tudors
What advantages did England have in battle?
Better organized and equipped on land and sea; blockades by ships almost unchallenged; well-trained, larger army; backed financially
No answer
British commander during the Battle of Trenton
Gage
British commander during the Return March to Boston
Captain Richard Pearson
British commander during the Seizure of Seraphis
Major John Pitcairn under General Gage
British commander during the battles of Lexington and Concord
None--they were surprised
British strategy during the Battle of Trenton
None--were returning to Boston in a marching formation
British strategy during the Return March to Boston
Attempt to seize United States' war supplies
British strategy during the battles of Lexington and Concord
The Treaty of Paris gave England control of
Canada and all the land east of the Mississippi River
Two Houses of Parliament
House of Lords and House of Commons
Smuggling goods directly to the colonies was common and accepted, which created conflict with England
How did the colonists react to the trade acts?
The laws were regularly avoided and only sporadically enforced before the French and Indian War
How did the colonists react to the trade acts?
They insisted that their guaranteed rights as Englishmen were being abused
How did the colonists react to the trade acts?
What did the Trenton victory do for American troops?
It gave them the incentive to keep on fighting in spite of their desperate winter circumstances
Why didn't England fight during the winter?
It was European tradition to discontinue military offensives during the winter months
False
James L sparked the English Revolution by attempting to arrest his House of Common Enemies
True
John Paul Jones led an exciting colonial sea victory by capturing the Seraphis
The English victory at Quebec was led by General Wolfe
against General Montcalm
In the French and Indian War, it was the French and Indians
against the English and the Colonists
Oliver Cromwell made changes in the government
by abolishing the House of Lords
Wealthy Englishmen received land in America
by purchasing it from the king, in payment of a debt, or in return for a favor to the king
At the end of the English Revolution,
changes included the Bill of Rights
House of Commons
composed mainly of middle class citizens; the law making body of England from which the prime minister is chosen
House of Lords
composed of clergymen and selected nobles, a house of Parliament
Ironsides
nickname for Cromwell's troops
Roundheads
opponents of Charles I, led by Cromwell
Whigs
party wanting powerful Parliament under Charles II with king merely as figurehead
English Revolution
put Parliament in control of British affairs
William and Mary
replaced James II as Protestant rulers
The Stamp Act placed taxes on various documents,
saying the taxes would be used for the defense of the American colonies
Trade Acts
stifled the colonies' ability to trade in their own way
Cavaliers
supporters of Charles 1 in the civil war
