Lifespan and Development (Ch.1-4) (Test 1)

Genotype

A complex blend of genetic information that determines the species and influences unique characteristics.

Why are two Apgar ratings are given in the minutes following birth?

Because some babies have trouble adjusting immediately but do quite well after a few minutes.

Which of the following best summarizes the underlying philosophy of the learning theory?

Behaviors are learned in a step-by-step manner and external, environmental influences are most relevant than internal conscious influences.

Professor Gimbly wants to investigate how children of different ages characterize their friendships. Professor Gimbly should use a ______________ research design.

Cross-Sectional

Placenta

Delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism.

Epigenesis

Development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and the environment.

Which of the following is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth?

During childhood, the arms and legs continue to grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet.

Age-Graded Influences

Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last.

History-Graded Influences

Explain why people born around the same time (cohort) tend to be a like in ways that set them apart from people born at other times.

Children with diabetes tend to have fathers, not mothers, with the illness. The pattern of inheritance is best explained by_________ _______.

Geometric Imprinting

Which of the following is true about Romanian orphans adopted into British homes?

Most children who had been institutionalized for more than the first six months displayed at least three serious mental health problems.

_______ Refers to control over actions that help infants get around in the environment, whereas ___________ has to do with smaller movements, such as reaching and grasping.

Gross-motor development; fine-motor development.

Nature

Inborn biological givens- the hereditary information we receive from our parents at the moment of conception.

Multidirectional (continuity, discontinuity)

Lifespan development is also multidirectional, in at least two ways: First, development is not limited to improved performance. Rather, at every period, it is a joint expression of growth and decline. Second, besides being a multidirectional over time, change is multidirectional within each domain of development.

Nurture

Parents who spend a great deal of time and money trying to find the best school for their children are emphasizing the importance of:_____________

Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through _____________ observation.

Participant

How can parents can reduce the likelihood of SIDS?

Placing infants to sleep on their backs.

Nurture

The complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

Which of the following is true about the harm done by teratogens?

The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role.

Dominant

The one allele that affects the child's characteristics.

Lateralization

The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain.