Lifespan CH 24

reduced ability to smell

All of the following are changes in cognitive abilities that are due to the shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex as we age EXCEPT: reduced ability to smell inattentive listening difficulty planning reduced ability to multitask

Cognitive reserve enables some people to bypass the disconnections caused by plaques.

An autopsy that finds massive plaques and tangles proves that a person had Alzheimer's disease. However, between 20 and 30 percent of cognitively typical elders have extensive plaques in their brains at autopsy. What of the following may explain this phenomenon?

Antidepressants

Dendrites grow with new experiences as well as with a class of psychotropic medications called:

Depression and Alzheimer's Disease

Exaggerated attention to minor memory losses is to _____ as surprise at memory loss is to _____.

hippocampus; prefrontal cortex

In researching the brain, it was found that two areas of the brain in older people have the most significant shrinkage. These areas are the _____ and the _____.

Dementia

Major neurocognitive disorder was formerly called:

reach self actualization

Maslow believed that as people gain more life experience as they get older, they are more likely to:

Strokes

Neurocognitive disorders that are reversible can be related to all of the following EXCEPT: depression malnutrition or dehydration strokes overmedication

Hippocampus

Neurons in the adult brain develop in the structure MOST closely related to memory, namely the _____.

remains unimpaired

Recent research indicates that long-term memory for vocabulary:

ecological validity

Researchers are attempting to measure the cognitive abilities of people in late adulthood. They are designing their study to include testing the participants in the morning, when the elderly are typically the most alert, and want to conduct the tests in the homes of the participants. These researchers seem to be considering:

working

Speed of cognition is especially crucial in _____ memory.

the life review

Supat is 86 years old and is examining his role in the history of human life. Some would say that Supat is engaging in:

information processing

The final step in _____ is output.

ecological validity

The idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are as realistic as possible and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life is called:

major neurocognitive disorder

The most accurate and appropriate term for an irreversible, pathological loss of cognitive functioning caused by brain damage or disease is:

ApoE4

The presence of which gene gives a person about a 50/50 chance of developing Alzheimer's disease?

vascular

The result of repeated transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is _____ disease.

transient ischemic

Vascular disease is often the result of repeated _____ attacks.

compensation

Which of the following is NOT a contributor to the slowing down of the brain in primary aging? compensation slower cerebral blood flow decreased total volume of neural fluid reduced production of acetocholine and other NT's

The life review is likely to bring on a bout of depression.

Which of the following statements about the life review is false? Tales are about others and oneself, connecting the past and the present. It is more social than solitary. The life review is likely to bring on a bout of depression. The stories tend to be rich with interesting details and depth.