Lifespan chapter 3

What are the purposes of reflexes?

- They are survival mechanisms, which are genetically carried -They allow infants to respond adaptability to their environmental

The average North American newborn is ______.

20 inches long

What is the recommended amount of calories per day for each pound an infant weighs?

50

Cole hears his mother's voice and turns his head toward the sound demonstrating his ability to localize sounds. This tells you that Cole is at least________ months of age.

6

At approximately what age do babies begin babbling?

6 months

The average North American newborn weighs just over ______ pounds.

7

Shaken baby syndrome causes swelling and hemorrhaging of the_____.

Brain

Andrew is an 18-month-old boy. His mother has been cleaning the house. Andrew watches her vacuum, wash the windows, and sweep the kitchen floor. The next day his mother watches as Andrew takes his toy vacuum and pretends to vacuum the floor. What cognitive technique is Andrew demonstrating?

Differed imitation

In infancy, spoken vocabulary far exceeds receptive vocabulary.

False

Intermodal perception involves receiving information from a single sensory modality.

False

The axon and dendrites are inside the neuron's cell body and send signals in and out.

False

The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth occurs in the middle trunk and progresses outward to the head and feet.

False is the ephalocaudal pattern

A recent analysis found that ______ were the MOST frequent perpetrators of shaken baby syndrome.

Fathers

The four lobes of the brain are the occipital, parietal, temporal, and_______ .

Frontal

Which of the following statements represents the interactionist view of language acquisition?

How much of language acquisition is biologically determined and how much depends on social interaction is a matter of debate.

The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called brain________ .

Lateralization

Which of the following concepts describes the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?

Laterlization

______ is the process by which nerve cells are coated with far cells that enhances the speed and efficiency of the information traveling through the nervous system

Myleination

Which of the following is not a component of language?

Perceptual categorization

______ is the term used to describe the process by which unused neural connections are replaced by other pathways or disappear.

Pruning

Prone sleeping (sleeping in a face-down position), low birth weight, and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are all risk factors for_______ (abbreviation).

SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

Which of the following describes the vocalization known as babbling?

Strings of consonant-vowel combinations

________ ________death syndrome is a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and die.

Sudden infant

Which view of language acquisition emphasizes both the biological and the experiential contribution to language development?

The interactionist view

The region of the brain's left hemisphere involved in language comprehension is known as

Wernicke's area.

The region of the brain's left hemisphere involved in language comprehension is known as______

Wernicke's area.

Piaget believed that children ______ their own cognitive worlds.

actively construct

Baby Michelle looks intently at her mother, who is singing a song. What is Michelle demonstrating?

attention

________refers to the focusing of mental resources on select information.

attention

An interactionist view emphasizes that both ______ contribute to language acquisition.

biology and experience

The sounds that infants make to express pleasure during interactions with a caregiver are called_________

cooing

What is the term for the gurgling sounds that infants make in the back of their throats?

cooing

The first form of vocalization an infant makes, starting at birth, is______

crying

Which activity do infants first demonstrate to get their needs met?

crying

What is NOT one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

cuadal

Generally, the axon carries signals away from the cell body, and the_______ carry signals toward the cell body.

dendrites

________is the replication of behavior after a time delay of hours or days.

differed imitation

Which theory of motor development suggests that perceptions are necessary for infants to fine-tune their movements and that motor skills represent solutions to the infants' goals?

dynamic systems theory

The physical growth pattern in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top of the body (head) and proceeds from top to bottom is called the________ growth pattern.

ephalocaudal

Words a child uses are called the spoken or _______vocabulary.

expressive

True or false: Piaget believed that children are like sponges who absorb information from the world around them without having to search out new knowledge.

false

Movements that involve finger dexterity are called_____ motor skills.

fine

Skills that involve finely tuned movements that require finger dexterity are called

fine motor skills

The region of the brain associated with producing language, called Broca's area, is located in the left________ lobe.

frontal

An infant waving bye-bye is an example of a(n) ______.

gesture

An infant smacking its lips to indicate that it wants food or drink is an example of ______.

gesturing

__________memory is the type of memory that encompasses skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically.

implicit

Memory without conscious recollection is known as

implicit memory

The____________ view emphasizes that language acquisition occurs because of both biological and environmental influences.

interactionist

When watching a hockey game, spectators can hear the sound of the stick hitting the puck and see the puck slide across the ice. This ability is known as ______.

intermodal perception

Gross Motor Skills

involve large muscle activites

______ is a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols.

language

Eleanora is aware of where her mother is in the house by the sound of her voice. this positioning is know as_____

localization

Which of the following involves the retention of information over time?

memory

______is the retention of information over time.

memory

Infants should consume ______ an adult's requirement of calories per pound.

more than twice

To develop __________skills, infants must perceive something in their environment that motivates them to act and use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.

motor

The dynamic systems view states that new perceptual-motor coupling is not ______ accomplished; rather, the infant ______ develops a skill to achieve a goal.

passively;actively

The process of myelination begins ______ and continues into ______.

prenatally; adolescence and emerging adulthood

Researchers have found that nearly twice as many of the neural connections made in an infant's brain will ever be used. The unused connections will be_______

pruned

Words a child understands constitute ______ vocabulary.

receptive

Research shows that an infant can understand words that refer to body parts, such as "hand" but they cannot yet speak these words. This is an example of ______.

receptive vocabulary

______are built-in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements in an involuntary and automatic way.

reflexes

Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge are known as ______.

schemes

Grasping, strategies for problem solving, driving a car, and balancing a budget are all examples of ______, according to Piaget.

schemes

The eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin are all considered to be ______.

sensory receptors

The current view of perceptual-motor coupling in infants is

the dynamic system view

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) usually happens during

the night

Which of the following activities is NOT a gross motor skill?

tying shoes

Which of the following factors is NOT a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

using a pacifier when going to sleep

The sensation of ______ occurs as rays of light contact the eyes, become focused on the retina, and are transmitted by the optic nerve to the visual centers of the brain.

vision