Lifespan - Chapter 4

Researchers have found that ______ improves longevity in older adults.

exercise

Two of the most important influences on children's health are prevention and:

poverty

A recent study found that all of the following were associated with a decrease in deaths from cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT

reducing alcohol consumption.

Children need daily exercise because of the development of:

large muscles, especially in the arms and legs.

Chronic disorders are most common in:

late adulthood.

Researchers have found that aerobic exercise benefits which of the following in children and adolescents?

lowered blood pressure increased bone strength decreased obesity

What illicit drug is most widely used in the United States?

marijuana

Which of the following chronic conditions is LEAST likely to limit the everyday activities or work of adults over the age of 65?

Epilepsy

Which of the following are research strategies that have been used to determine the impact of heredity on obesity?

Examining the risk of obesity in children with one or two obese parents, as compared to children with parents who are not obese Inbreeding animals to be obese

Which of the following are social contexts that influence adolescent health?

Families Schools Peers

Which of the following statements are true about caring for people with Alzheimer disease?

Family can become emotionally and physically drained from providing care to an Alzheimer patient. Caregivers of Alzheimer patients need a break from providing chronic care.

Among American adults in 2016, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity?

middle-aged women

One risk factor for Alzheimer disease is ______, a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early Alzheimer disease and other dementias.

mild cognitive impairment

______ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following is the main treatment for Parkinson disease?

Dopamine agonists and L-dopa

The number of people with Alzheimer disease _____ every five years after the age of 65.

Doubles

Which statement is FALSE regarding drug treatment for Alzheimer disease?

Drugs for Alzheimer disease treat the cause of the disease.

What is the leading cause of death in middle-aged and older adults?

Due to improved drugs, a decrease in smoking, better diet, and an increase in exercise, cardiovascular disease is no longer the leading cause of death in this age group.

Research revealed which of the following regarding early substance use?

Early onset of drinking was linked to increased risk of heavy drinking in middle age.

Which of the following environmental factors can influence whether or not children become overweight?

Easy access to high-fat food Labor-saving devices Decreases in physical activity

Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?

Males in emerging adulthood

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent alcohol use?

Sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.

Which of the following are symptoms of Parkinson disease?

Slowing of movements Partial facial paralysis Muscle tremors

Regarding the treatment of Parkinson disease, which of the following statements are true?

Stem cell transplantation shows a lot of promise as a treatment for Parkinson disease. Stimulating the brain appears to help some individuals with Parkinson disease.

Which of the following have studies shown to protect against the development of overweight and obesity in adolescents?

Team sports Family dinners

Each of the following are linked with anorexia nervosa EXCEPT

a sense of lack of control during eating.

Several drugs that have been approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer disease work to improve memory and other cognitive functions by increasing levels of ______ in the brain.

acetylcholine

The primary cause of Alzheimer disease is a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called:

acetylcholine.

Which of the following are characteristic of those with anorexia nervosa?

adolescent or young adult female non-Latino White competitive and high-achieving from well-educated, middle- or upper-income family

Zack experiences inflammation of his joints as well as pain, stiffness, and problems moving his legs. Zack is showing signs of having:

arthritis.

A child whose BMI is at the 85th percentile would be

at risk of becoming overweight.

The determination of whether a child is considered overweight is done through the measurement of

body mass index (BMI).

The leading cause of death in middle-aged adults and adults between the ages of 65 and 74 is

cancer.

Breast-fed children are less likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

cardiovascular disease.

People who begin abusing substances in ______ have a greater risk for addiction.

childhood and adolescence

What are two common factors in the development of eating problems in infants?

conditions of poverty neglectful caregivers

Illicit drug use among U.S. students ______ in the late 1990s.

declined

Binge drinking (having five or more drinks in a row) by high school seniors ______ from 1980 to 2016.

decreased

Research has shown that, by the time emerging adults have reached their mid-twenties, many have

decreased their use of alcohol and drugs somewhat.

Neurological disorders in which the primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning are classed under the global term:

dementia.

The percentage of U.S. children who are overweight has ______ in recent decades.

drastically increased

Educational success has a protective role in reducing adolescents'

drug use.

Accelerated muscle loss in old age can be most helped by ______ exercise.

resistance

The American Academy of Pediatrics recently reconfirmed its recommendation of exclusive breast feeding in the first ______ of a baby's life.

six months

Chronic disorders: ____ onset ____ duration

slow onset long duration

The development of Alzheimer disease is most likely influenced by:

the interaction of lifestyle and genes.

Since the mid-1990s, how have most adolescents perceived smoking?

with disapproval as dangerous

Which of the following is a disorder that involves an extensive loss of bone tissue?

Osteoporosis

Which of the following has been linked to health-enhancing behavior and reduced risk taking in adolescence?

Parental monitoring

Research shows that parents who want to lessen their children's likelihood of indulging in problem behaviors and substance abuse should use which of the following strategies?

Parental monitoring and control

According to one study, which of the following factors in an adolescent's life was the strongest predictor of lower risk for being overweight and obese?

Participation in team sports

Which of the following tends to be a common personality trait among anorexics?

Perfectionism

Which of the following types of exercise do gerontologists recommend for older adults?

Resistance training Aerobic activity Stretching

______ care involves services that provide a temporary relief for those who are caring for individuals with disabilities and illnesses.

Respite

Even if an infant has begun eating other foods, experts recommend that the mother continue to breast feed until the baby is at least ______ old.

1 year

It is projected that ______ million baby boomers will develop Alzheimer disease in their lifetime.

10 million

What percentage of college students reported that they abstain from drinking alcohol?

20 percent

For individuals who are 30 percent overweight, the probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by ______ percent.

40

In 2016, approximately what percentage of U.S. adults were classified as obese?

40 percent

What is the recommended number of calories per day for each pound an infant weighs?

50

In 2016, when both gender and ethnicity were considered, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity in the United States?

African American females

Parents may protect their children's health by doing which of the following?

Not drinking when driving Not smoking around them Driving at safe speeds

Which of the following are helpful in the treatment of arthritis symptoms? (Select all that apply)

Aspirin Joint replacement Exercise Weight reduction

What aspect of successful weight loss programs requires participants to keep weight loss diaries and give them rewards for meeting goals?

Behavioral therapy

Katie is 15 years of age and of normal weight. On Saturdays and Sundays, Katie eats pints of ice cream, cupcakes, cookies, pizza, and potato chips, and then she uses laxatives for three days. Katie is exhibiting characteristics of which eating disorder?

Bulimia nervosa

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of which of the following?

Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Hypertension

Which of the following statements most closely fits with the trends associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in the United States?

Cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 and then gradually declined.

Which of the following are outcomes of breast feeding for children?

Fewer gastrointestinal infections Less chance of becoming overweight or obese Reduced risk for type 1 diabetes in childhood

How long should an infant consume only breast milk or formula (i.e. no other food) for nutrients and energy?

For the first four to six months of life

Which of the following is/are the most common of the chronic conditions associated with the greatest limitation on work?

Heart conditions

Symptoms of dementia include which of the following?

Inability to recognize familiar surroundings Inability to recognize familiar people Inability to care for oneself

Which of the following are true about a large majority of emerging adults' perceptions about drinking?

It is largely acceptable and seen as common. It is perceived as giving some social and coping benefits.

Regarding lifestyle factors and the risk of Alzheimer disease, which of the following statements are true?

Many of the same habits that lead to cardiovascular disease increase risk for Alzheimer disease. A healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of Alzheimer disease.

Which of the following is most often the result of osteoporosis?

Marked stoop

Which statement is true regarding chronic disorders?

Men are more likely than women to have fatal chronic disorders such as cancer and coronary heart disease.

Which of the following are consequences of heavy drinking in emerging adults?

Missing classes Unprotected sex Physical injuries

Which statements are true regarding the benefits of exercise?

Moderate-to-vigorous exercise is recommended. The risk of obesity may be reduced with exercise. Exercise helps prevent heart disease.

Which of the following are true about the vapor from e-cigarettes?

Most e-cigarette vapor contains nicotine. The contents of the vapor are not regulated.

What is the likely outcome for children who rank above the 95th percentile on the body mass index?

They are more likely to become overweight or obese adults.

In comparing the health of emerging adults with the health of adolescents, which of the following statements are true regarding emerging adults?

They have more chronic health problems. They are more likely to be obese. They have a higher mortality rate.

In a large longitudinal research study of 10,000 men and women followed over 8 years, participants were divided into low, medium, and high fitness levels. What did the study find?

Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than three times more likely to die than those in the high fitness group. Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than two times more likely to die than those in the medium fitness group.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for adults over the age of 75.

True

True or false: Alcohol use peaks in emerging adulthood and then declines somewhat by the mid-twenties.

True Alcohol and substance abuse peak in emerging adulthood and then decline somewhat by the mid-twenties.

True or false: Adolescents currently vape far more nicotine than they smoke cigarettes.

True E-cigarette use among adolescents declined in 2015 and 2016, but adolescents vape nicotine far more than they smoke cigarettes.

Characteristics of Alzheimer disease include which of the following?

Twisted fibers that build up in neurons Dense deposits of protein that accumulate in the blood vessels Deficiency in acetylcholine

The most common forms of accidents that happen in infancy include which of the following?

Unexpected falls Poisoning Vehicle accidents

Successful weight loss programs for adolescents combine each of the following EXCEPT:

hypnosis.

One of the best strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease in people who are at risk is to:

improve their cardiac functioning through diet, drugs, and exercise.

Starting in middle adulthood, chronic disorders:

increase.

The percentage of overweight 12- to 19-year-old Americans ______ from the early 1990s through 2014.

increased

Many cardiovascular problems in middle age can be reduced by which of the following?

increased exercise decreased rates of smoking improved diets

Physical and psychological gains are more likely to be produced by exercise that is:

moderate and intense.

People with binge eating disorder are frequently

overweight.