Lipincott Exam 1 Questions
A new mother asks for advice from the nurse about bathing her infant. Which of the following should the nurse tell her? "Be sure to wash the infant's face, hands, and diaper area daily." "Be sure to brush the scalp with a soft toothbrush during the bath to prevent seborrhea." "Be sure to give the baby a complete bath every day." "Be sure to oil the scalp with mineral oil and leave it on overnight before bathing the infant the next day."
"Be sure to wash the infant's face, hands, and diaper area daily."
A nurse is providing health promotion education to a family of an infant at the family birth center. The nurse knows the parents need more education when they state which response? "I will switch to whole milk when my infant is around 6 months of age." "I will introduce new foods one at a time." "I will give my infant a drinking cup gradually around 6 months." "I will introduce soft foods for my infant around 6 months of age."
"I will switch to whole milk when my infant is around 6 months of age."
An elementary school nurse is leading a group session discussing nutrition with a group of students and their caregivers. The nurse should provide additional teaching if which statement is made by one of the participants? "If my child has good nutrition she won't get childhood illnesses." "My children are at various ages and they all have different daily requirements." "I ate healthy as a child and that has a lot to do with the way I eat now." "Eating too much could affect my child's ability to do some activities."
"If my child has good nutrition she won't get childhood illnesses."
The parents of a toddler express some frustration because they are having a hard time getting their child to take a nap, even though the child is acting tired and cranky. Which suggestion for the parents to try is most appropriate when working with toddlers? "We'll go to the park after naptime." "I think you should go take a nap. Please do not disobey me or you will not get any ice cream later." "If you take your nap, I will see if your friend can come play." "It's naptime, do you want to sleep with your stuffed bear or with your sock monkey?" SUBMIT ANSWER
"It's naptime, do you want to sleep with your stuffed bear or with your sock monkey?"
A nurse is discussing safety measures with the parents of a toddler. What would the nurse emphasize to address the most frequent type of accident in toddlers? "Keep all cleaning products and drugs out of the reach of your child." "Turn the handles of your pots away from the edge of the stove when cooking." "Make sure to have your child securely fastened in a car seat." "Have your child wear a helmet when beginning to ride a tricycle."
"Keep all cleaning products and drugs out of the reach of your child."
A mother is concerned about her infant's spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? "Limit burping to once during a feeding." "Feed the same amount but space out the feedings." "Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward." "Put the infant in an infant seat after eating."
"Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."
After the nurse provides education to new parents about appropriate sleeping habits for infants, which statement by a parent would indicate to the nurse that teaching needs to reoccur? "My husband gave the baby a special bear that I will place in the crib." "I have a crib in my room so that I can breastfeed my baby." "I will place my infant on the back to sleep every night." "By keeping the room at a neutral temperature, I do not have to use blankets."
"My husband gave the baby a special bear that I will place in the crib."
The nurse is providing teaching about car safety to the parents of a 5-year-old girl who weighs 45 pounds. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do? "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the front seat." "Place her in a forward-facing car seat with a harness and top tether." "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat." "Place her in the back seat with the lap and shoulder belts in place."
"Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat."
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother of a 5-month-old boy about introducing solid foods. Which statement by the mother indicates that effective teaching has occurred? "The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first." "I'll start with baby oatmeal cereal mixed with low-fat milk." "Once he gets used to the cereal, then we'll try giving him a cup." "I can puree the meat that we are eating to give to my baby."
"The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first."
The nurse is interviewing a 3-year-old girl who tells the nurse: "Want go potty." The parents tell the nurse that their daughter often speaks in this type of broken speech. What would be the nurse's appropriate response to this concern? "This is considered a developmental delay in the 3-year-old and we should consult a speech therapist." "This is a condition known as echolalia and can be corrected if you work with your daughter on language skills." "This is a condition known as stuttering and it is a normal pattern of speech development in the toddler." "This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech."
"This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech."
A nurse, who is also a mother of a 2-year-old child, attends a party at a friend's house and notes some safety concerns that she would like to share with the other mother privately. Which observations during the party would be considered a safety concern that should be addressed privately when appropriate? Select all that apply. The toddler was wearing a helmet while riding a tricycle. The parents allow the toddler to climb up on the counter and watch as food is stirred on the stove. The nurse/mother notes that the toddler's car seat is located in the passenger front seat. The safety gate/fence surrounding the pool area is secure and a little hard, even for parents, to unlatch. The parent is busy entertaining guests and did not notice the toddler running out in the neighborhood street to get a toy.
"When she is uncomfortable in her wet diaper and brings a clean diaper to you, that's a good indication she is ready for potty training."
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements reflecting height/weight would the nurse expect to document for this visit? 20 lb (9.1 kg) and 28 inches (70 cm) 16 lb (7.2 kg) and 26 inches (65 cm) 24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) 28 pounds (12.7 kg) and 32 inches (80 cm)
24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm)
The infant measures 21.5 in (54.6 cm) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected height for the infant at that age of 6 months?
27.5 in (70 cm)
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who will be undergoing a procedure to remove a mass from the abdomen. In order to help the child remain calm in preparation for getting an IV catheter placed, what intervention might the nurse implement? Allow the child to play with a procedure doll. Distract the child with games and candy. Don't discuss the procedure in front of the child. Take the child to the playroom for coloring.
Allow the child to play with a procedure doll.
What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day? An infant should have 1 to 2 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 9 to 10 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 3 to 5 wet diapers/day. An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
A nursing student realizes that which of the following is true about Kohlberg's theory of moral development? At age 2 to 3 years, the child determines right or wrong by the physical consequence of a particular act. In stage 1, the child obeys a person and understands the principle for this. During the first 2 years, the child realizes how behavior affects others. During the first 2 years, children already have moral sensitivity.
At age 2 to 3 years, the child determines right or wrong by the physical consequence of a particular act.
The mother of a toddler half-jokingly states: "I am so tired of hearing 'NO!' What suggestions will the nurse offer to reduce toddler negativism? Select all that apply. Avoid ending a request with "Okay?" Use humor to make "no" funny: "Do cows bark?" Avoid "yes" and "no" questions. Emphasize what is not to be done: "Don't sit there." Offer simple choices: "Blue shirt or red one?" Make statements: "It is time for lunch."
Avoid "yes" and "no" questions. Offer simple choices: "Blue shirt or red one?" Make statements: "It is time for lunch." Avoid ending a request with "Okay?" Use humor to make "no" funny: "Do cows bark?"
Many researchers have theories relating to the stages of growth and development. Which stage(s) of accepted theories relates to the preschool-aged child from ages 4 to 6 years? Select all that apply. Erikson's stage of initiative vs. guilt Freud's phallic stage Freud's oral stage Kohlberg's pre-conventional level stage 1 Piaget's preoperational phase Formal operational phase
Freud's phallic stage Erikson's stage of initiative vs. guilt Piaget's preoperational phase Kohlberg's pre-conventional level stage 1
The pediatric nurse is careful to monitor and assess the growth and development of all clients. Which characteristic should the nurse prepare to assess in the infants? Has an increased attention span and can be interested in an activity for a long length of time. Takes in new information at a rapid rate and asks "why" and "how". Grows and develops skills more rapidly than at any other time in their life. Insists they can "do it" and the next moment they revert to being dependent.
Grows and develops skills more rapidly than at any other time in their life.
A trend with growth and development of the infant is that development is proximodistal. This means: As nerve pathways develop, they become more specialized. Both sides of the body grow equally. Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements. All humans experience the same growth patterns.
Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements.
A trend with growth and development of the infant is that development is proximodistal. This means: Both sides of the body grow equally. All humans experience the same growth patterns. Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements. As nerve pathways develop, they become more specialized.
Growth progresses from gross motor movements to fine motor movements.
Which theorist believes that the child progresses from making decisions with no moral sensitivity to making decisions based on personal standards and values? Piaget Freud Kohlberg Erikson
Kohlberg
The nurse is assessing the newborn. Which would the nurse assess to be an abnormal finding? The neck is short, thick and mobile Gluteal folds are present and symmetrical The newborn startles to loud sounds Natal teeth noted in the mouth that are loose
Natal teeth noted in the mouth that are loose
A nurse notices that a 4-month-old infant has an asymmetric head, with the back of the skull flattened. What will the nurse suggest to the parents to correct this condition?
Place the infant on the stomach during play time each day.
While performing a preoperative assessment on a 3-year-old client, a nurse should be aware of what type of cognitive thought process by the child? Formal operations - The child requires no formal introduction to the equipment. Preoperational - The child will want to play with the equipment. Sensorimotor - Responses to the assessment are based off of reflex activity. Concrete operations - The child will understand the order of the assessment.
Preoperational - The child will want to play with the equipment.
Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved? Sitting independently Building a tower of four cubes Turning a doorknob Walking independently
Sitting independently
A 4-year-old is going to finger paint for the first time. What is the best action for the adult supervisor of this activity? Tell the child that it will be fun but that he or she should not make a mess. Support whatever the child paints. Make a model for the child to follow so it will be easy to copy. Draw a picture first for the child to see how to do it.
Support whatever the child paints.
The 18-month-old toddler has most likely attained which gross motor skill? The ability to pedal a tricycle. The ability to walk independently. The ability to balance on one foot. The ability to walk up stairs alone.
The ability to walk independently.
A parent is distressed because the infant is on the 26th percentile for height and the 17th percentile for weight. What should the nurse teach the client? The child is healthy, provided the percentile for height exceeds that of weight. The infant's pediatrician will be made aware of these findings promptly. The child's position on a growth chart does not necessarily indicate a health problem. The infant is still heavier and longer than most other infants of the same age.
The child's position on a growth chart does not necessarily indicate a health problem.
A seasoned pediatric nurse realizes that a hospitalized child's need for identity is strongest in which of the following groups? school-aged children infants toddlers adolescents
adolescents
The nurse is conducting an educational session at a local community health fair illustrating the various reflexes which are normal in a newborn and how they change as the infant grows and matures. The nurse determines more education is necessary after a member of the audience points out which finding as an expected occurrence? an extrusion reflux at 9 months of age a Moro reflex at 3 months of age a plantar grasp reflex at 7 months of age a positive Babinski reflex at 2 months of age
an extrusion reflux at 9 months of age
A nurse assesses a brother and sister, both 12 years old, in back-to-back physical examinations. The girl is adopted, whereas the boy is biologically related to their parents. The girl has clearly begun her growth spurt, and in the past 6 months has grown 3 in (7.5 cm), overtaking her brother in height. The nurse expects that the boy will begin his growth spurt in the coming year. The nurse recognizes that which factor best explains the difference in onset of growth spurts in these two children? genetics gender environment activity level
gender
A parent states, "I do not let my child eat any carbohydrates because they will make her fat." What is the best response by the nurse? "Carbohydrates are a necessary fuel for the body, especially for neurologic functions." "Carbohydrates must be taken daily to maintain effective levels in the body." "Carbohydrates are essential for the body's process of building muscles." "Carbohydrates are a secondary source of fuel and stored as fat."
"Carbohydrates are a necessary fuel for the body, especially for neurologic functions."
The nurse is discussing developmental goals with the parents of a child with Fragile X syndrome. Which statement(s) made by the parents demonstrates an understanding of developmental goals for a child with Fragile X syndrome? Select all that apply. "Early intervention programs are a good resource." "Our child may miss some developmental milestones." "Development may be slower than normal because of cognitive delays." "We need to provide a calm and quiet environment." "It will be important to praise our child's accomplishments."
"Early intervention programs are a good resource."
A nurse is providing health promotion education to a family of an 11-month-old infant who is eating "finger foods." The nurse knows the parents understand the risk of infant choking when they state which response below? "I can feed our baby popcorn." "I can feed our baby Cheerios." "I can feed our baby lollipops." "I can feed our baby raisins."
"I can feed our baby Cheerios."
What statement by the mother of a 20-month-old indicates a need for further teaching about nutrition? "When she doesn't eat well at meals we give her nutritious snacks." "New foods are offered along with ones she likes." "I give my daughter juice at breakfast and when she is thirsty during the day." "She drinks three 6-ounce cups of whole milk each day."
"I give my daughter juice at breakfast and when she is thirsty during the day."
The parent of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse about being frustrated because all the parent seems to do lately is fight with the child over what the child wants to eat and wear. The parent notes sometimes wanting to spank the child for always disagreeing. What would be the best suggestion for the nurse to make to this parent? "Spank lightly to get the child's attention." "It is not normal to feel that way." "Take some toys away when the child acts like that." "Use the time-out technique for discipline."
"Use the time-out technique for discipline."
The parents of a 4-day-old infant report concern about his weight loss. What is the best response by the nurse? "Weight loss after birth is normal." "Babies will begin to rapidly regain weight and will double birth weight around 4 to 6 months of age." "With appropriate nutrition weight gain will commence with a return to the birth weight within 2 weeks." "Babies may lose up to 10% of their body weight in the first month of life."
"With appropriate nutrition weight gain will commence with a return to the birth weight within 2 weeks."
The daughter of a divorced couple is hospitalized for injuries received in an automobile accident. The custodial father is at work when the mother arrives extremely agitated and demanding to see her daughter immediately. Which action will be most appropriate for the nurse to take at this time? Ask the mother if she is allowed to see the child. Tell the mother what room the child is in. Check to see who is allowed to have contact with the child. Ask the child if she would like to see her mother.
Check to see who is allowed to have contact with the child.
A nurse is teaching a 7-year old diabetic child who is in Piaget's concrete operational stage about insulin injections. Based on Piaget's theory, what would be the nurse's best method of preparation for this child? Give the child a pamphlet on diabetes to read. Demonstrate the procedure on a teddy bear. Show the child a video about diabetes and insulin. Explain the procedure to the child in detail.
Demonstrate the procedure on a teddy bear.
A single mother with three young children is reluctant to leave her crying and upset 16-month-old daughter overnight in the hospital but needs to go home to care for the other children. Which suggestion from the nurse will best address the fears and concerns of both the child and mother? Encourage the mother to give the child a personal item of the mother's to hold on to until she returns and to tell the child a specific time she will return, such as "when breakfast comes in the morning." Tell both the mother and child that the child will be carefully guarded and won't be in as much danger as she might be if she were home exploring her environment. Distract the child with a special blanket, stuffed animal, or other "lovey" from home while the mother quietly slips out. Remind them staying in the hospital now will help the child get well quicker and be home soon, but the other children should not be alone.
Encourage the mother to give the child a personal item of the mother's to hold on to until she returns and to tell the child a specific time she will return, such as "when breakfast comes in the morning."
The nurse at a pediatric developmental clinic is assessing an 8-month-old infant for cognitive function. How will the nurse test the developmental milestone of object permanence? Have the infant play with the blocks, shift focus to another toy, and then pick up the blocks again. Encourage the infant to clap the two blocks together without the shape distorting. Teach the infant to transfer a building block from one hand to the other. Observe the infant uncovering a building block that is hidden under a blanket.
Observe the infant uncovering a building block that is hidden under a blanket.
The nurse is explaining safety precautions for toddlers to the mother of a normal 30-month-old boy. Which activity might the nurse suggest may be done without supervision? Eating a mid-afternoon snack Turning on the bath water Playing in the basement Undressing himself
Undressing himself
A hospitalized 2-year-old is toilet training and excited to show the nurse the product created in the toilet. What stage does the nurse recognize this child is in according to Freud? oral stage anal stage Oedipal stage phallic stage
anal stage
Like many 4-year-olds, Ethan is constantly seeking out and exploring new experiences and repeatedly asking his parents why-type questions. Ethan's behavior suggests that he is successfully navigating an important developmental task within the developmental theory of: Erikson. Freud. Fowler. Kohlberg.
Erikson
The nurse is assessing development of a 4-month-old boy during a well-child visit. Which observation needs further investigation? The infant turns his head in the direction of a squeak toy. The infant responds to his mother when he sees her but not at other times when she is near. The infant makes babbling sounds, coos, and smiles. The infant shows interest in looking at near or high-contrast objects.
The infant responds to his mother when he sees her but not at other times when she is near.
Erik Erikson described human psychosocial development as a series of tasks that must be mastered before moving on to the next task. The stage in which the child is more assertive and starts to accept punishment for doing wrong is which stage? trust vs. mistrust initiative vs. guilt autonomy vs. doubt and shame identity vs. role confusion
initiative vs. guilt
If the infant is following a normal pattern of dentition, the child would most likely have how many teeth by the age of 14 months? six to 12 teeth 14 to 18 teeth four teeth 24 teeth
six to 12 teeth
The nursing instructor is explaining the various aspects of growth and development to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students point out which example best illustrates the concept of development? The 10-year-old who weighs the same amount as his 8-year-old brother the 5-year-old who is 2 inches taller than she was 4 months ago the 3-year-old who has been toilet trained for 6 months the 5-month-old whose head circumference and chest measurement are the same
the 3-year-old who has been toilet trained for 6 months
A 2-year-old with pneumonia has recently been hospitalized. When the lunch tray arrives to the floor, the nurse caring for the client sets up the tray and allows the child to self-feed with a spoon despite the mess. What is the nurse's best reason for these actions? to foster trust to foster initiative to foster industry to foster autonomy
to foster autonomy
While assessing an adolescent, a nurse would assess which behavior as indicating the use of formal thought processes? uses abstract thought while engaging in conversations understands literal instructions views self as being separate from others judges experiences solely by the results
uses abstract thought while engaging in conversations
When discussing a nutritional diet with a parent, the father says, "We don't eat leafy green vegetables." For what vitamins will the child be at risk for deficiency? Select all that apply. vitamin E vitamin K vitamin D vitamin B vitamin A
vitamin A vitamin K
A parent is comparing a child's development on the growth chart with those of another child and is concerned that her child is not in the "normal" range. What can the nurse inform the parent to alleviate her anxiety? "Maybe the other child is advanced and your child is growing slower. We will keep a close eye or your baby to make sure nothing is wrong." "Growth charts are just a standard measurement. If your child doesn't fall into the 'normal' range, it doesn't indicate something is wrong." "I can certainly understand your fear. If your child is not falling into the 'normal' range, it can indicate that there may be some developmental delays." "Everyone is scared that their child will not be normal. Let's just wait and see what will happen with your child."
"Growth charts are just a standard measurement. If your child doesn't fall into the 'normal' range, it doesn't indicate something is wrong."
A mother who is vegan, when asked about the nutritional intake of her 18-month-old, tells the nurse not to worry because she is providing plenty of protein to her daughter. "And," she says, "I avoid giving her fats." Which of the following would be the most appropriate response for the nurse to give this mother? "Fat is important in an 18-month-old's diet; it is the secret to strong bones and reduction of osteoporosis later in life." "That's excellent. Protein is essential, but fat intake is not necessary at this age." "You should include some fat in your child's diet, as it can prevent constipation." "Your child needs fat in the diet at this age, as it is needed for myelination of spinal nerves."
"Your child needs fat in the diet at this age, as it is needed for myelination of spinal nerves."
The nurse is developing a care plan for several clients who were seen in the clinic that day. Which situation will the nurse conclude is most likely to experience challenges in the growth and development of the children? A divorced mother shares an apartment with her best friend and her children. Both parents work during the day and the child comes home after school to an empty house. A family lives with the parents of the mother who is working two jobs. Children attend school while the father works and then sleep in their car at night.
Children attend school while the father works and then sleep in their car at night.
A nurse is working with a new mother and infant. The mother appears exhausted and distraught. She explains that the infant wakes up at a different time each night, making it difficult for the mother to develop a sleep routine and get enough rest. The nurse develops a plan of care around the mother's sleep deprivation related to the disturbed sleep pattern. Which client goal is appropriate? The infant will begin a routine sleep schedule. The infant will sleep throughout the night within 2 weeks. The mother will take one shower per day. The mother will have 4 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night within 2 weeks.
The mother will have 4 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night within 2 weeks.
An infant who is 4 months old continues to be seen at doctor visits for illness prevention. What would be the next scheduled appointment that this infant should attend to be evaluated? The next visit would be at 6 months. The next visit would be in 1 month. The next visit would be in 3 months. The next visit would be at 9 months.
The next visit would be at 6 months.
A 12-month-old infant had an initial screening for lead, which was reported at 4.2 µg/dl (0.20 µmol/L). Which information will the nurse provide the parents as a follow-up to receiving the laboratory value? This level is considered to be low. The test will be repeated in 30 months. Because this is normal, there will be no need to recheck the lead levels. Due to the elevated lead level, a repeat test will be completed at 18 months. There is no action needed. The lead level is normally rechecked at 24 months.
There is no action needed. The lead level is normally rechecked at 24 months.
The nurse is watching toddlers at play. Which normal behavior would the nurse observe? Toddlers engage in solitary play. Toddlers do not engage in play outside the home. Toddlers engage in parallel play. Toddlers engage in cooperative play.
Toddlers engage in parallel play.
The nurse is assessing a young client at a well-visit and notes a normal progression in growth and development. Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to determine this client is in the stage Sigmund Freud referred to as the latency stage? beginning to develop a sense of moral responsibility can recognize the physical differences between boys and girls finds satisfaction through making noises and crying has a desire to mold and control the environment
beginning to develop a sense of moral responsibility
The pattern of growth in which the child is able to control the head and neck before the arms and legs is known as which of the following? cephalocaudal maturation development proximodistal
cephalocaudal
The nurse is caring for a young client who was admitted to the hospital. The nurse concludes this client is in Erikson's developmental stage of industry based on which action by the child? has learned to trust their needs are met when they cry wants to know what they can and cannot do and enjoys being good and getting approval insists on performing tasks by themselves, even if it takes a long time is seeking interaction and competition with others on the unit
is seeking interaction and competition with others on the unit
The nurse in a community clinic is caring for a 6-month-old infant and parent. Which nursing intervention is a priority? encouraging a more frequent feeding schedule obtaining the infant's current feeding pattern monitoring the infant's weight and height recommending higher-calorie solid foods
monitoring the infant's weight and height
A parent with a 2-year-old invites a friend with a toddler over for a play date when they notice their children are not really interacting while playing. The children are playing side-by-side when one toddler gets up and grabs a toy car out of the hands of the other toddler, which results in both toddlers crying. To prevent this from occurring again, which intervention should the parents make? Sit the toddlers down and give a lecture about "sharing." Parents should ensure that toys in front of each child are "similar" to prevent fighting over one toy. Parents should decide that they need to wait about a year when the children are more ready to share toys. Parent of the toddler who started the fight should put this child in "time out."
Parents should ensure that toys in front of each child are "similar" to prevent fighting over one toy.
What is the appropriate time when children should be taught genitalia terminology and about personal privacy? early childhood middle childhood late childhood preadolescence
early childhood
The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old client who is in stage 1 (preconventional stage) of Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Which nursing action is most appropriate? permit independence in self-care provide structure for self-care activities allow child to help with tasks like making the bed give clear instructions
give clear instructions
A nursing student will correctly identify that growth is measured by which of the following patterns? changes in maturation height and weight developmental tasks milestones
height and weight
A nursing instructor asks the class to describe growth and development using only one word. Which of the following would be the best choice? simple unorderly slow individualized
individualized
A father discusses with the nurse how his daughter, who recently started first grade, is extremely conscientious about her school work and is constantly asking her teachers if she is doing the work correctly. According to Erikson, which of the following developmental tasks is this girl currently learning? industry versus inferiority autonomy versus shame initiative versus guilt identity versus role confusion
industry versus inferiority
A 10-year-old girl is excited when she receives the "most improved player" award on her softball team. Although she was not the strongest player on the team, she always tried to perform at her best level and never gave up on practicing her skills. What stage of psychosocial development according to Erik Erikson is this child demonstrating? autonomy versus shame and doubt initiative versus guilt identity versus role confusion industry versus inferiority
industry versus inferiority"Early intervention programs are a good resource."
The nurse is watching a group of infants playing in an infant room at day care. When analyzing the developmental characteristics exhibited, which infant would the nurse identify as being approximately 3 months of age? infant playing peek-a-boo with a caregiver infant crawling to obtain a hard-cover book infant picking up a toy and moving it between hands infant laying prone with a colorful toy in front
infant laying prone with a colorful toy in front
A staff nurse is talking about Piaget's theory with a nursing student. Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development during which object permanence is mastered. An example of an infant displaying this ability is: pushing a spoon from her high chair tray to the floor. looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. shaking a rattle to enjoy the sound. smiling at herself in the mirror.
looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it.
The nurse conducting a 6-month well-baby check-up assesses for the presence/absence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. At this age the reflex: is expected to appear within 1 month. should be pronounced and easy to elicit. should have disappeared. is a protective reflex and retained for life.
should have disappeared.
A parent asks the nurse if the 2-month-old infant can have bananas yet. The nurse would respond and educate the parent on the nutrition stages of infants by which response? "You can try bananas 2 or 3 months from now." "In 1 month you can try bananas if you think your infant is ready." "When did you feed your other child bananas? "Sure, if you feel your infant is ready to have bananas."
"You can try bananas 2 or 3 months from now."
A parent takes the 4-month-old infant to the health care provider. The parent asks what type of baby cereal to provide now that the infant is starting solid foods. How should the nurse respond? "You should buy barley cereal." "You should buy oat cereal." "You should buy wheat cereal." "You should buy rice cereal."
"You should buy rice cereal."
A mother asks the nurse where the microwave is so that she can warm up breast milk to feed her baby. What is the best response by the nurse? "Breast milk can be given cold, so there is no need to heat it." "You should only give fresh breast milk to an infant." "You should warm the milk under warm water instead." "Make sure that you test the milk on your wrist before feeding."
"You should warm the milk under warm water instead."
A breastfeeding mother asks the nurse about when she can begin feeding her 5-month-old infant some solids and vitamins. Which information provided by the nurse would most accurately address this mother's concerns? The first food offered to an infant is iron-enriched rice cereal and can be started now. Additionally, the infant needs to receive vitamin D and iron. You can begin feeding the infant fruits and vegetables now followed by iron-enriched cereal to ensure that he gets enough iron. If you give him one or two bottles of juice each day, he should get all the vitamins he needs. You can begin fruits and cereal in 1 month. At 6 months, you need to quit breastfeeding because he is not getting enough iron or vitamin C and D and that should help him transition to solids better.
The first food offered to an infant is iron-enriched rice cereal and can be started now. Additionally, the infant needs to receive vitamin D and iron.
A 2-year-old wants to feed herself and becomes agitated when the nurse attempts to feed her. What does the nurse understand is the developmental age of this child according to Erikson? initiative vs. guilt trust vs. mistrust autonomy vs. doubt and shame industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. doubt and shame
Which measures should receive priority in the care plan for an infant client who has sensitive skin? use scented wipes with stool use only cloth diapers change diapers frequently use baby power with each change
change diapers frequently
The nursing student is preparing a presentation that will illustrate the various stages of growth and development starting with a newborn. Which example should the student point out will best illustrate cephalocaudal growth pattern? using the fingers to pick up an object and put it back down grasping the foot and pulling it to the mouth walking for several steps, stopping, and then running for several steps controlling the head and neck before being able to control the arms and legs
controlling the head and neck before being able to control the arms and legs
A mother calls the clinic every couple of weeks concerned that her infant is not developing appropriately. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for the nurse to assign to this client? health-seeking behaviors related to adjusting to parenthood ineffective role performance related to new responsibilities social isolation related to lack of adequate social support deficient knowledge related to normal infant growth and development
deficient knowledge related to normal infant growth and development
The nursing instructor is leading a discussion on the theories of growth and development as described by Piaget. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which action as an example of the sensorimotor phase? classifying and organizing information about the environment developing an understanding of cause and effect having no concept of quantity; if it looks like more, it is more understanding abstract concepts described only in words or symbols
developing an understanding of cause and effect
A nursing instructor informs the class that for the child to be successful at achieving maturation, he or she must first master milestones. The instructor determines that the students understand when they correctly identify these milestones as what tasks? developmental proximodistal maturation cephalocaudal
developmental
According to Kohlberg, which of the following considerations is central to human development? morality agency influence safety
morality
A mother states that her 2-year-old daughter has difficulty falling asleep at night. Upon further assessment, the nurse learns that the toddler takes a 1-hour nap during the late afternoon. Which should the nurse recommend to the mother? allow a 15-30 minute nap after dinnertime integrate the nap into the lunchtime routine add a second nap, typically in the morning omit or shorten the nap during the afternoon
omit or shorten the nap during the afternoon
The mother of a 5-year-old girl expresses concern over the fact that her daughter is not nearly as verbal as her older two children when they were at that age. She wonders about the reason for this difference. Which factor is most likely to account for this difference? parent-child relationship genetics ordinal position in the family nutrition
ordinal position in the family
A mother is concerned about her 2-year-old son acquiring sufficient protein while following the family's vegan diet. Which of the following foods would be appropriate for the nurse to recommend to this mother? peanut butter and wheat bread eggs broccoli milk and cheese
peanut butter and wheat bread
Based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what type of activities would a nurse recommend to parents of children in the preoperational stage? church lessons play activities toilet training organized sports
play activities
When assessing a 6-month-old infant, which symptom will the nurse bring to the health care provider's attention? presence of Moro embrace reflex rolls from back to side absent grasp reflex balances head when sitting
presence of Moro embrace reflex
In providing anticipatory guidance related to choking hazards for infants, what should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. raw carrots propping a bottle stuffed animals shape sorter plastic bags
propping a bottle raw carrots plastic bags
A pediatric nurse observes an infant holding a rattle. Upon dropping the rattle, the baby cannot pick it up with his fingers on his own. The nurse correctly identifies this to be an example of which type of growth? cephalocaudal abnormal development abnormal growth proximodistal
proximodistal
The parent of a toddler indicates to the nurse that the toddler frequently yells, "No" to requests of the parent. What activity does the nurse recommend to the parent to increase additional vocabulary in the toddler? telling the toddler to avoid using the word "No" playing toddler-friendly television shows repeating the request again and with firmness reading books to the toddler
reading books to the toddler
Which of the following can have an influence over the individual's physiologic growth and development trajectory? ethnicity and culture intelligence sensory stimulation and nutrition temperament
sensory stimulation and nutrition