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Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus?

It relays most sensory signals to the cortex.

In an experiment, participants sat at a computer and were told to focus on an X on the screen for 50 milliseconds... Which of the following is the best conclusion based on the data in the table?

Participants in the Reward condition are more likely to report seeing a horizontal line even when there isn't one.

An institutional review board (IRB) rejected a proposal for research where participants requesting to lesion Wernicke's Area in otherwise healthy individuals to study the resulting speech comprehension issues. Which of the following is the most likely ethical consideration for rejecting the study?

Protection from Harm

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his close eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM Sleep

Ms. Harrison.... blah blah Which of the following is a limitation of self-report research?

Self-report data is subject to the social desirability bias

Dr. Wilson, who teaches engineering classes, is interested in learning about how lack of sleep affects performance. What would be the best way to ensure that her findings are generalizable to all the students at her university?

Surveying every tenth student listed in the university directory about their sleep habits

Researchers conducted an experiment on baboons by inserting a wire into the reticular activating system (RAS) that produced a mild electrical current. The researchers stimulated the RAS while the baboons were performing different tasks. Which of the following operational definitions would be most easily replicated by other researchers trying to duplicate the experiment?

The baboons' heart rates were measured by a monitor attached to their chest before and after RAS was stimulated.

A psychological study to determine the harmful effects of sleep disruption asked a company to start an overnight shift without notice. Many of the employees began to have accidents while on the job. The researchers conclude that a sudden change in circadian rhythm causes an effect on job performance. What ethical concern may be present in this study?

The employees did not provide informed consent and were not given the option to withdraw from the study.

Researchers conducted a correlational study during the winter season, which has shorter days and longer nights. The researcher asked about people's experiences with depression-like symptoms, including feelings of tiredness and reduction in energy output. The researcher found that there was a positive correlation between the amount of daylight and depression-like symptoms. Which of the following statements best reflects how to interpret this correlational finding?

The relationship between daylight and depressive symptoms may also be linked to a third variable.

A researcher wants to examine how much information from waking life ends up in dreams. The researcher recruits 40 volunteers from a local community college to record the details of their daily activities. The participants will be given a sleep monitor that gently wakes them each time they end an REM cycle, after which they will complete a detailed dream diary. The study is planned to last for two weeks. Why would an institutional review board be hesitant to approve this study?

The researchers are disrupting sleep for an extended period, which may cause harm.

Dr. Ravi want to conduct a study to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on problem-solving abilities. which of the following is most problematic about Dr. Ravi's research design?

The study raises ethical concerns because of the amount of sleep deprivation could be harmful to participants in the study

Dr. Schmidt was interested in the relationship between sensation of a stimulus and the sensation of change in a stimulus...Dr. Schmidt's findings best support which of the following psychological concepts?

Weber's law

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is best identified as which of the following theories?

activation-synthesis theory

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

activation-synthesis theory

An adult with a healthy sleep cycle is most likely to enter REM sleep in which of the following ways?

after cycling through the NREM sleep stages

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

amygdala

The region of your cerebral cortex that most likely enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is

an association area.

What type of research study did Dr. Schmidt conduct?

an experiment

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

axon terminals

The ____ is a crossover point where nerves from the left side of the brain are mostly linked to the right side of the body, and vice versa.

brainstem

The reticular formation is located in the

brainstem

We are usually least consciously aware of the processes and functions of which brain structure?

brainstem

The rupture of the eardrum can lead to

conduction hearing loss

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?

dilation of the pupil

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve?

eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea

Which theory best explains how we perceive low-pitched sounds?

frequency matching theory

Visual information is processed by

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

As Doreen is reading her Psychology textbook, which statement is she most likely to encounter about consciousness?

it is an important way of studying our two-track minds

Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the

joints, tendons, bones, and ear

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the

lens

erm the correct answer should be inner ear but on the test it says the correct answer is middle ear so do with that what u will....Joe Wilson, age 55, has been told by experts that a hearing aid would restore his lost sense of hearing. It is likely that Joe's hearing loss involves problems within the

middle ear

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in

nerve deafness

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Perceiving the color, motion, and form of a bird in flight illustrates

parallel processing.

The role of central nervous system activity for the experience of pain is best highlighted by

phantom limb sensations

Slow wave sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth.

The parietal lobe is most involved in which of the following processes?

processing sensory information

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?

rods and cones

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

sensation.

Waking up frequently, loud snoring, silent pauses in breathing, and sleepiness during the day are symptoms of which of the following disorders?

sleep apnea

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

somatic

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

spend less time in deep sleep

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

Researchers asked subjects to complete various activities and documented the lobe of the cerebral cortex activated for each one. The results are stated in the table. Which of the following is the lobe most likely represented by the activity in "Lobe C"?

temporal lobe

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

the sympathetic nervous system

People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffeted damage to their

visual cortex.

Which of the following is a testable hypothesis using operational definitions about people who have undergone split-brain surgery to help control severe epilepsy?

• Split-brain patients will not be able to name an object placed in their left visual field.

A researcher discovered a chemical compound that seems to slow down the heart rate of monkeys by targeting an area of the medulla. The researcher believes that the compound could help reduce the symptoms associated with panic disorder. Which of the following is the appropriate next step for the researcher to take after developing the compound into a new drug?

Apply to an institutional review board (IRB) to begin animal trials for the drug.

Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age. She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the data presented in the table?

As age increases, the ability to detect higher pitched sounds tends to decrease.

Which of the following parts of the brain allowed Arjun to speak the names of the items flashed to his right visual field?

Broca's Area

Which of the following parts of the brain was severed to address Arjun's epileptic seizures?

Corpus Callosum

Dr. Felder...color of a drink impacts how a person experiences the taste of the drink. which of the following would best help her evaluate the impact of vision on taste?

Create an additional control condition in which participants wear blindfolds while they taste the drink.