Long Bones
articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces; surfaces that form joints.
epiphysis
The end of a long bone, usually larger in diameter than the shaft.
cancellous bone
The lattice-like inner layer of the bone that houses marrow which produces new blood cells. It also provides structural stability while allowing for the necessary flexibility to absorb physical shock/stress placed on the body. It lies inside the compact bone.
ossification
The process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired by gradually turning cartilage to bone.
diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is hollow and is made entirely from compact bone.
flat bones
Thin, flattened slightly curved; bones of sternum, ribs, skull; parallel layers.
osteocytes
Mature bone cells
medullary cavity
Central cavity located in the shaft of a long bone filled with yellow marrow and surrounded by compact bone.
osteoclasts
Cells that break down bone materials
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane (periosteum) of a bone.
osteoporosis
A condition resulting from a loss of minerals in which the body's bones become less dense, weak and break easily.
periosteum
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.
osteoblasts
Cells responsible for bone formation
appositional bone growth
Bone increases in width by laying down new bone at the periosteum (osteoblasts) and removing bone at the endosteum (osteoclasts)
osseous tissue
Bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
long bones
Bones that are longer than they are wide; long cylindrical shaft, ends are enlarged; includes the femur, humerus, metatarsals, and phalanges.
short bones
Bones that are roughly qual in length and width; wrist and ankle.
irregular bones
Bones that cannot be classified and long or short bones; attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, or they attach to other bones to create joints; examples are the vertebrae and the bones in the pelvis and face.
nutrient requirements for bone
Calcium, vitamin D, phosphorous, magnesium and protein. Calcium for bone development. Vitamin D for bone health. Phosphorus magnesium, protein for building bone tissue.
red marrow
Found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; forms the red blood cells and most white blood cells of the blood
endosteum
Membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone.
Five primary functions of the skeletal system
Protection, shape, movement, support, production of red blood cells.
lacunae
Small spaces between the lamellae (bone cavities) which contain osteocytes.
yellow marrow
Soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones.
calcification
The process of creating hard bone by combining collagen and calcium phosphate.