Looking out, Looking in- Chapter 7: Nonverbal Communication
public distance
(12 to 25 feet) the distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances
personal distance
(18 inches to 4 feet) the space used when interacting with friends and acquaintances
nonverbal communication
communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech
where is the tense in people to detect status?
differently to lower their status is general to more rigid than tense appear one with higher status more relaxed
nonverbal communication relational
dimension is how the message is sent that reveals the relationship between you and the person with whom you're interacting
illustration
extended example, narrative, case history, or anecdote that is striking and memorable
where is the clues in nonverbal communication?
facial expression, way you dress, tone of your voice, sit, stand,and physical dance
feminine speech community
females tend to interact with their bodies oriented much more directly on because it's not threatening to have somebody pointing directly at you in the feminine speech community world in general
how influences on nonverbal communication?
gender and culture
where most of the relational dimension of a message characteristic means for nonverbal behavior is?
gets communicated in the non verbals and the tone of voice and the look on somebody's face when they say that
social distance
how much social "space" is there between differing racial or ethnic groups in society, refers to the amount of space that operates between individuals or groups as a result of differences in race, age, culture, ethnicity, etc.
adapter
nonverbal behavior that helps satisfy a personal need and allows a person to adapt or respond to the immediate situation.
accenting function
nonverbal behaviors that emphasize part of a verbal message
emblems
nonverbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within a given culture; they usually have direct verbal translations, such as the OK sign
anti-social personality disorder
personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
potential for universal meaning, variable intensity, simultaneous transmission, spontaneous transmission, automatic processing
hand/arm gestures
repeating function to be as clear as possible; this person's repeating function behavior with their hands and arms gesture, they're over there
what are the functions in nonverbal communication?
repeating, substituting, complementing, accenting, regulating, contradicting ,and deceiving
mixed message
results when words communicate one message while actions, body language, or appearance communicate something else
anti-social behavior
selfish behavior that is negatively valued by society and is carried out to harm another person and/or gain some reward for oneself
nonverbal communication is not?
sign language and written language
microexpressions
small, brief facial movements that signal emotional experiences, even in people who have been trained to hide their emotions
nonverbal encoding and decoding skills
strong for good nonverbal communicators with more skills in range in careers and relationship
nonverbal skills
the ability to communicate effectively using body language, eye contact, personal space, behavior, and attitude
communicative value
the amount of 'need' for a specific grammatical feature for communication to be accurate.
written language
the representation of a spoken or gestural language by means of a writing system
kinesics
the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication
chronemics
the study of how humans use and structure time
proxemics
the study of the use of space
complementing function
the use of nonverbal cues to complete, describe, or accent verbal cues
repeating function
the use of nonverbal cues to convey the same meaning as the verbal message
paralanguage (vocalics)
the voiced part of a spoken message that goes beyond the actual words
intimate distance
the zone of space willingly occupied only with intimate friends, family members, and romantic partners
body orientation
type of nonverbal communication characterized by the degree to which we face forward or away from someone.
ambiguous
unclear or doubtful in meaning
haptic
touch-related sensations; study of touching behavior
posture
Position of the body in relation to the surrounding space
monochronic
a concept that treats time as a finite commodity that can be earned, saved, spent, and wasted
polychonic
a concept that treats time as infinite resource rather than a finite commodity
gesture
a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
anti-social
a personality disorder where the person has no respect for laws or the rights of other human beings
territory
an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.
paralanguage
an extensive set of noises (such as cries) and tones of voice that convey significant information about the speaker
what are types of nonverbal communication in mind?
body movement,voice, appearance, physical environment, time
masking speech community
if you grow up in the masculine world, you just sort of learn by watching other masculine people you learn to orient your body just a little bit away from somebody you're interacting with
cross-cultural ambiguity
innocent person end up hurting someone else to feel; damage the relationship without parties to ever recognize gone wrong
sign language
language developed by members of a deaf community that uses visual rather than auditory communication
masculine speech community
males and females communities
what is the kind of physical position to communicate nonverbal?
message for a friend in a conversation by turning your body away from stranger to feel very clear
face and eyes
most noticed body parts and their impact is powerful = affect blend
leakage
unintentional betrayal of internal feelings through nonverbal communication
manipulator
used to format output
regulating function
using nonverbal codes to monitor and control interactions with others
why is nonverbal communication is ambiguous?
vague unclear, not having a really solid answer. nonverbal behaviors are often not very clear and we can't be absolutely certain. What that felt means what that frown means whatever it happens to be.
contradicting function
verbal and nonverbal messages that send conflicting messages
how types of nonverbal communication is used in differences?
voice in talking language is nonverbal vocal message of saying words. touch all the different ways that human beings communicate non verbally by touching one another's bodies. appearance. physical space. physical environment. time.
substituting function
you use only nonverbal behaviors to try to communicate, where the the nonverbal behavior