LSW exam prep

Maslow created a five-tier hierarchy of needs which address three overarching types of human needs. These are: A .basic needs, psychological needs, and self-fulfillment needs. B. physiological needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. C. safety needs, basic needs, and belonginess needs. D. safety needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

A .basic needs, psychological needs, and self-fulfillment needs.

All of the following are generally considered to be appropriate reasons for a social worker to self-disclose EXCEPT _______________. A .trying to build rapport B. providing positive feedback C. describing a personal experience D. offering insights and ideas

A .trying to build rapport

A child is able to follow simple instructions, says sentences of 2 to 4 words, builds a tower of 5 blocks and is beginning to run. If this child is developmentally on-target, about how old would she be? A. 2 years B. 18 months C. 3 years D. 4 years

A. 2 years

A client is very quiet in the first interview, and the social worker notices that the client is slouching, often looks down at the floor, and is holding her arms close to her body. According to neurolinguistic programming, what should the social worker do to build trust with this client? A. Adjust his posture to that of the client. B. Use feeling words. C. Use thinking words. D. Attempt to make direct eye contact.

A. Adjust his posture to that of the client.

The clients are a family from Mexico who immigrated to the United States 18 months ago. In the first interview, the parents disclose that they recently discovered that their 16-year-old daughter has been sexually active with her 17-year-old boyfriend, who is a classmate of hers. The father then asks the social worker whether she has a daughter of her own. What is the BEST way for the social worker to respond? A. Answer the question to build rapport B. Decline to answer the question until after rapport has developed C. Decline to answer the question to preserve therapeutic boundaries D. Answer the question only if she is comfortable doing do

A. Answer the question to build rapport

A social worker employed at a hospital meets with a patient to discuss the services he will need after he's discharged. The patient requests to see his medical records. What should the social worker do? A. Arrange for the patient to see his records B. Explain to the patient that he can see a summary of his records, but not the full record C. Decline the patient's request, in accord with federal law D. Allow the patient to see only what she (the social worker) has entered into his records

A. Arrange for the patient to see his records

Dale is starting therapy because he has been struggling with feelings of worthlessness. He says, "I don't want to do anything anymore. I don't care about my friends and family anymore, and I don't care about the world. Why can't I be a better person?" The social worker's initial impression is that: A. Dale is depressed and conflating his symptoms with his self-esteem. B. Dale is suffering from depression. C. Dale is being very hard on himself and needs to learn to be kinder. D. Dale has very low self-esteem.

A. Dale is depressed and conflating his symptoms with his self-esteem.

A client reports that she has been a victim of discrimination because she was denied low-cost housing. As the client's advocate in this situation, what should the social worker do FIRST? A. Determine whether the client is eligible for low-cost housing B. Help the client file a lawsuit C. Help the client find alternative housing D. Determine what the client wants him to do

A. Determine whether the client is eligible for low-cost housing

During the first therapy session, an African American client tells his white social worker that he would prefer to see an African American therapist. What is the social worker's BEST course of action? A. Discuss this with the client and make a referral if, after the discussion, the client still wants to see an African American therapist B. Reassure the client that she has experience working with African Americans and suggest that they see each on a trial basis C. Realize that the client's preference may be a sign of resistance and tell him that she thinks it would be best if they saw each other for a few more sessions D. Tell the client that he may actually benefit more by working with a social worker of a different race

A. Discuss this with the client and make a referral if, after the discussion, the client still wants to see an African American therapist

A social worker is conducting the first interview with a couple who have been referred by the court for therapy. The social worker begins the interview by briefly describing what he knows about why the clients have been referred and then asking the clients to describe their understanding of the referral. The man responds by saying, "We don't want therapy, that's all I know," and the woman says "That's right." What should the social worker do NEXT? A. Encourage the clients to talk about their feelings about the referral B. Explain the benefits they stand to gain from therapy C. Remind the clients that they are required to cooperate with him D. Offer to do something that will make the clients more comfortable in exchange for their cooperation

A. Encourage the clients to talk about their feelings about the referral

A social worker is beginning individual therapy with a client who has been a heavy cocaine user for a year and continues to use, despite losing his job two weeks ago. He was referred to the social worker by his physician. Which of the following would be the MOST effective way of addressing the client's denial, minimization, or other defenses? A. Exploring the specific consequences of drug use for the client B. Exploring why the client uses drugs C. Describing the typical effects of chronic drug use D. Providing graphic literature on the negative effects of drug use

A. Exploring the specific consequences of drug use for the client

At the beginning of therapy, a client's motivation for change can be BEST assessed by doing which of the following? A. Exploring what led her to seek treatment B. Asking her how she normally copes with problems C .Attempting to establish a therapeutic contract D. Observing her body language

A. Exploring what led her to seek treatment

A social worker has been working in individual therapy with a 19-year-old client who has two younger sisters, ages 15 and 10. The client reports in a session that her father sexually abused her for over 10 years. The social worker knows that the client's sisters live at home with their father. When he asks the client if she believes that her father is molesting her sisters, the client becomes very uncomfortable and quickly changes the subject. She says she doesn't want to talk about her sisters. Regarding the filing of a child abuse report in this situation, what should the social worker do? A. File a report based on his suspicion that the client's sisters are being abused B. Report abuse of the client, since abuse of the client began when she was a minor C. Get more information from the client to determine whether a child abuse report is necessary D. Maintain the client's confidentiality because she is an adult

A. File a report based on his suspicion that the client's sisters are being abused

A man brings his wife to a busy community medical clinic because she is not feeling well. The woman dies while waiting to be seen by a physician. The social worker employed by the clinic is called in by medical staff to meet with the man. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Find a private location at the clinic where the man can express his feelings and collect himself B. Offer the man a list of qualified grief counselors C. Advocate on behalf of the man by finding out why his wife was not seen sooner D. Talk to the man about grief and loss and explain the stages of grief

A. Find a private location at the clinic where the man can express his feelings and collect himself

An adult client who is upset over her impending divorce has scheduled an appointment with a social worker. The social worker recently went through a divorce himself, and finds himself over-identifying with the client. He decides it would be best to refer the client to another social worker because he can't keep his own issues from clouding his judgment. What should he tell the client? A. I've recently gone through that myself, and I don't feel I can be objective in working with you, so I'm going to refer you to a colleague who I think will be a good match for you. B. I'm afraid I can't help you, so I'm going to refer you to a colleague who I think will be a good match for you. C. I'm going to refer you to another social worker. D. I'm not qualified to work with you on this issue, so I'm going to refer you to a colleague who I think is.

A. I've recently gone through that myself, and I don't feel I can be objective in working with you, so I'm going to refer you to a colleague who I think will be a good match for you.

A hospital social worker is meeting with an 82-year-old widow who has been diagnosed with cancer. Her prognosis is poor. The client says that she wants to stop receiving medical treatment so that she can die peacefully and with dignity, but her children disagree with her decision and want her to continue receiving medical treatment. What should the social worker do? A. Meet with the woman and her children to help them understand each other's preferences and feelings B. Verify that the woman has fully considered the consequences of her decision C. Contact the woman's physician for an opinion D. Convey respect for the woman's right to make this choice and advise her children to do the same

A. Meet with the woman and her children to help them understand each other's preferences and feelings

Which is the following statements about psychosis is most true? A. Most of the time, psychosis develops slowly and insidiously until it becomes obvious. B. In mood-congruent psychotic symptoms, delusions or hallucinations aren't related to the person's beliefs or feelings. C. Psychosis never develops in pre-adolescents. D. Most of the time, psychosis involves a sudden, severe break with reality.

A. Most of the time, psychosis develops slowly and insidiously until it becomes obvious.

A client expresses a desire to terminate therapy because she is "feeling much better" and is able to handle her problems successfully. Although this seems appropriate since the client has met her treatment goals, the social worker is reluctant to end therapy and feels like he wants to do more for the client. What should the social worker do? A. Recognize that his reluctance is normal and assist the client with termination B. Recognize that his reluctance may indicate that the client is not ready to terminate C. Refer the client to another therapist because he is no longer objective D. Seek consultation to address the loss of objectivity before deciding whether the client is ready to terminate

A. Recognize that his reluctance is normal and assist the client with termination

A social worker's new client is a woman who is very concerned because her 18-month-old daughter has not started walking or talking yet. After acknowledging the mother's feelings of concern, what should the social worker do FIRST? A. Refer the mother to a pediatrician to test the child's vision and hearing. B. Reassure the mother that the child's development is proceeding at a normal rate. C. Refer the child for psychological testing. D. Get thorough developmental and family histories and observe parent-child interactions.

A. Refer the mother to a pediatrician to test the child's vision and hearing.

A social worker is working in individual therapy with a 19-year-old man whose father is paying for his treatment. During a session, the client tells the social worker that he's angry at his father and plans to confront him soon. A few days later, the father calls the social worker demanding to know why she encouraged his son to confront him. What should the social worker do? A. Refuse to talk with the father about this matter. B. Explain to the father how answering his question would reduce the therapeutic value of her work with his son. C. Apologize to the father and tell him that she will discuss this matter with his son. D. Encourage the father to come in for a family session.

A. Refuse to talk with the father about this matter.

After a single mother is charged with child neglect, her two young children are placed in temporary foster care. The woman eventually meets the goals of her treatment plan, and the court determines that her children can be returned to her care. A few days before the children are scheduled to come home, the woman reveals to her caseworker that she is two months pregnant. What is the caseworker's BEST course of action? A. Return the children to their mother's care but monitor the case closely B. Return the children as planned because the woman has met the goals of her treatment plan C. Make sure that the children remain in foster care D. Make arrangements to recontact the family after the baby is born

A. Return the children to their mother's care but monitor the case closely

A common way of assessing human service needs in a community is through needs assessment. Which of the following assessment techniques is considered MOST useful for needs assessment? A. Survey research B. Observational studies C. Focus groups D. Collecting service statistics

A. Survey research

A 25-year-old client who recently immigrated to the United States from Nicaragua (and speaks English well) has been convinced by his mother to seek counseling for frequent alcohol use. During the first interview, the client acknowledges that he drinks almost daily but doesn't identify any other problems. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Take a substance use history B. Assess for acculturation problems C. Get permission to speak to family members about the client's alcohol use patterns D. Refer the client to a support group

A. Take a substance use history

Social agency administrators are responsible for monitoring the implementation of an agency's policies and for making sure that all agency staff are notified of policy changes. Which of the following word sets BEST captures the key principles associated with effective communication of policy changes to staff? A. Timely, clear, multimodal B. Timely, verbal communication, memo C. Immediate, clear, democratic D. Immediate, descriptive, specific

A. Timely, clear, multimodal

A client says during the first interview that she regrets coming in because, deep down, she thinks people should be able to solve problems without help. The social worker recognizes this statement as a sign of ambivalence. Which of the following would be the BEST way of responding to what the client has said? A. You're right in a way; you are, in the end, the one who has to cope with your own problems. On the other hand, it may help you to cope if you talk about your problems with someone else. B. As a social worker, I agree with you; in fact, my goal is to empower you to deal with problems on your own. C. I understand your feelings; however, the fact that you came to me suggests that you are unable to cope on your own right now. D. I hear what you're saying; this might not be the right time for you to be in therapy, but you're welcome to come back when you're ready.

A. You're right in a way; you are, in the end, the one who has to cope with your own problems. On the other hand, it may help you to cope if you talk about your problems with someone else.

Loosening of associations can be symptomatic of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and involves: A. abrupt shifts from one topic to an unrelated or obliquely related topic. B. delays in answering a question due to embellishment with unnecessary details and parenthetical remarks. C. a continuous flow of rapid speech with abrupt changes from one topic to another based on understandable associations. D. thinking that contains numerous contradictions and inconsistencies.

A. abrupt shifts from one topic to an unrelated or obliquely related topic.

Chronic childhood stress has been shown to: A. cause changes in the hippocampus. B. lead to physical illness as an adult. C. cause mental illness. D. lead to abusive behaviors as an adult.

A. cause changes in the hippocampus.

A social worker sees many victims of domestic violence in the clinic where she is employed. She frequently encounters what can be called "learned helplessness" in her clients. According to Seligman, there are three components necessary for learned helplessness: A. contingency, cognition, and behavior. B. pessimism, depression, and avoidance. C. powerlessness, acceptance, and acquiesce. D. specific attribution, stable attribution, and external attribution.

A. contingency, cognition, and behavior.

In DSM-5, the essential feature of hoarding disorder is a persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. In addition to this, the person's difficulty discarding or parting with possessions must be due to either a perceived need to save the items or: A. distress associated with parting with them. B. a loss of energy associated with a depressed mood. C. a decline in cognitive functioning. D. obsessions that lead to the compulsive hoarding behavior.

A. distress associated with parting with them.

Rapport has developed between a client and his social worker. This means that the client: A. feels understood. B. expects that the social worker will self-disclose if he does. C. will begin discussing his problem. D. has been reassured that his feelings are a normal response to his problem.

A. feels understood.

A man, age 33, is brought in by his sister. She reports that, following the loss of his home in a fire two weeks ago, her brother has experienced hallucinations, is incoherent, and is uncharacteristically aggressive and sloppy in appearance. In this situation, before assigning a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder, the social worker would want to rule out alternative explanations for the man's symptoms. Therefore, the social worker would want to determine if the man: A. has been using drugs. B. is able to answer questions coherently. C. is experiencing delusions. D. is experiencing rapid shifts in mood.

A. has been using drugs

When leading a crisis counseling group, a social worker is likely to focus on all of the following EXCEPT _____________________. A. helping members express all feelings including those not associated with the crisis B. exploring solutions to each member's crisis C. helping each member understand his or her crisis situation D. exploring social change strategies that can reduce crisis risk in the future

A. helping members express all feelings including those not associated with the crisis

Nonverbal barriers to effective communication with a client include all of the following EXCEPT ___________________. A. leaning forward in the chair B. sitting behind the desk during a session C. staring at the client to encourage eye contact D. keeping an even tone as the social worker speaks so that his or her voice does not reveal their reactions to the client

A. leaning forward in the chair

Some studies have found that, after divorce, mothers are often: A. less affectionate and less consistent with discipline. B. more affectionate and less consistent with discipline. C. more affectionate and more consistent with discipline. D. less affectionate and more consistent with discipline.

A. less affectionate and less consistent with discipline.

When a client is showing angry and aggressive behavior, all of the following are appropriate responses for the social worker EXCEPT ________________. A. mimicking the behavior B. fogging C. remaining calm D. active listening and empathic responding

A. mimicking the behavior

Formal (as opposed to informal) linkages between organizations in a community are beneficial because they tend to improve service delivery and to provide greater: A. stability. B. autonomy. C. competition for resources. D. flexibility.

A. stability.

The owner of the contents in counseling records is _______________________. A. the client B. the social worker C. the agency or organization where the social worker is employed D. Federal and/or state government

A. the client

The primary feature that distinguishes acute stress disorder from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is: A. the shorter duration of symptoms in acute stress disorder. B. a less severe precipitant in acute stress disorder. C. reliving of the trauma in dreams in PTSD. D. symptoms of increased arousal in PTSD.

A. the shorter duration of symptoms in acute stress disorder.

The impact of divorce on the future relationship potential of children, generally finds that: A. women are less likely to view long-term relationships positively. B. men are less likely to view long-term relationships positively. C. men and women have the same attitude toward long-term relationships. D. men and women are equally likely to view long-term relationships negatively.

A. women are less likely to view long-term relationships positively.

A male social worker has been working in individual therapy with a female client for several months. The client is in therapy because she suffers from anxiety at work. Therapy has been progressing well. The social worker now finds himself feeling somewhat attracted to this client. What should the social worker do? A. Terminate therapy so that he can date her. B. Accept the attraction as normal and proceed with therapy. C. Refer the client to a female therapist. D. Establish a personal relationship only if he feels certain that it will not affect the therapeutic process.

B. Accept the attraction as normal and proceed with therapy.

A social worker has been working in individual therapy with a 17-year-old boy. One day, the boy's parents call her, reporting new concerns about their son. They say they believe he is using drugs; he has become more secretive and withdrawn and they think he might also be depressed. They ask the social worker for an update on his progress in treatment. Specifically, they want to know what the boy has been talking about in his last few sessions. What is the social worker's BEST course of action? A. Remind the parents that everything their son discloses in therapy has to be kept confidential B. After getting permission from the son, invite his parents to a family session C. Avoid giving the parents specific confidential information, but reassure them that their son will be fine D. Give the parents the information they've asked for because they have the right to receive it

B. After getting permission from the son, invite his parents to a family session

A client who has been in case management services for three months has recently started to make progress toward meeting her goals. The client then stops showing up to meetings without any warning. What is the social worker's BEST response to this? A. Respect the client's right to terminate treatment when she wants to B. Attempt to make a final contact with the client by phone or letter C. Document in the client's case record the reasons and circumstances surrounding the termination D. Wait for the client to contact you and then warmly encourage her to return to services

B. Attempt to make a final contact with the client by phone or letter

Applied behavioral analysis (ABA) is a common intervention used with which diagnosis? A. Schizophrenia B. Autism Spectrum disorder C. Borderline Personality Disorder D. Bipolar disorder

B. Autism Spectrum disorder

The social worker is assessing a family. The issue is that Fran, the 15-year-old daughter is pregnant. She isn't sure what she wants to do, as she just found out about her pregnancy. She doesn't think the father wants anything to do with her or the baby at this point. Penny, Fran's mother is livid. "How can I hold my head up in the community when this gets out!" she shouts, "You've betrayed me, you've let down your father, and you are nothing but a slut!" Dan, the father, tries to calm her down, telling her, "It will all work out if you'll just calm down. Try not to get yourself so upset." Penny shoots him a dirty look, and he stops talking. Todd, the 12-year-old rolls his eyes and plays with his phone, which just makes his mother angrier. How would the social worker conceptualize their roles in the family drama? A. Blamer, distractor, placater B. Blamer, placater, distracter C. Symmetrical, complementary, universal D. Blamer, leveler, distractor

B. Blamer, placater, distracter

The client is a woman with severe migraine headaches who was hospitalized and given medication by her doctor. Each time she took the medication, she felt nauseated and several times she threw up. Although she stopped taking the medication when she left the hospital, she finds that, whenever she visits her doctor at the hospital, she begins to feel nauseated again. What does this situation illustrate? A. Response shaping B. Classical conditioning C. Operant conditioning D. Negative reinforcement

B. Classical conditioning

The term "reasonable accommodation" is MOST closely associated with which of the following? A. Special education B. Disability laws C. Affirmative action D. Patient's rights

B. Disability laws

A social worker is meeting for the first time with a client, age 29, who tells her that he recently tested HIV positive. He's seen his doctor and has started taking anti-HIV medication. The client is gay and says he's afraid to tell his parents about his diagnosis. They are very conservative, and he hasn't even told them that he's gay. He also says he's feeling lonely and doesn't feel like seeing his healthy friends right now. The social worker spends some time with the client helping him express his feelings about this situation. What should the social worker do NEXT? A.Encourage the client to contact his family B. Discuss ways of building the client's social support system C. Verify that the client is receiving proper medical attention D. Help the client sort out the pros and cons of coming out to his parents

B. Discuss ways of building the client's social support system

What is the procedure called in which minors become legally responsible for themselves, and their parents are no longer responsible, financially or otherwise, for them? A. Termination of parental rights B. Emancipation C. Legal guardian D. Court-appointed guardian

B. Emancipation

The difference between values and ethics is BEST stated by which of the following? A. Ethics relate to desirable conduct, while values emphasize moral judgments that codify what kind of behavior is and is not acceptable for the members of a profession. B. Ethics, but not values, result in formal standards of conduct that should be practiced by the members of a profession. C. Ethics apply to professional conduct, while values apply to only personal conduct. D. For an ethical social worker, there is no difference between ethics and values.

B. Ethics, but not values, result in formal standards of conduct that should be practiced by the members of a profession.

A social worker refers a client with intense social anxiety to a psychiatrist for a medication evaluation and explains to him why she is doing so, including how he might benefit from beginning to take medication. The client becomes defensive when the social worker makes this referral and says, "You think I'm crazy, don't you?" What is the social worker's BEST response? A. Describe to the client her scope of practice B. Explore the client's fears or other concerns about the referral C. Make the initial contact herself by calling the psychiatrist while the client is with her D. Explain to the client that, ethically, she cannot continue treating him unless he follows through with this referral

B. Explore the client's fears or other concerns about the referral

A social worker has been working in individual sessions with a client who has schizophrenia. The client lives in the community, is on medication, and is progressing well with the social worker. During the current session, the client tells the social worker that he has some new problems. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Check for medication side-effects B. Explore the new problems C. Refer the client to his psychiatrist D. Provide crisis intervention

B. Explore the new problems

A social worker determines that a client, age 36, is in the midst of a major depressive episode, and the client's history suggests that he has had other such episodes in the past. The social worker refers the client to a psychiatrist for a medication evaluation, and the psychiatrist prescribes an SSRI for the client. In terms of side-effects from this class of medication, the client is MOST likely to experience which of the following? A. Constipation, restless, dry mouth, weight gain B. Gastrointestinal problems, insomnia, sexual dysfunction C. Dry mouth, tachycardia, weight gain D. Tremors, blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, poor concentration

B. Gastrointestinal problems, insomnia, sexual dysfunction

Emma has asked her husband William to come to couples counseling because she feels neglected in the relationship. They have been married for 4 years and have no children. Emma doesn't have a job and doesn't want to have to work. William has reluctantly agreed to accompany Emma. He says that Emma is "kind of needy" and that he wishes she would "get a life" so that she doesn't miss him so much when he's working. What are the goals for the initial stage of therapy? A. Improve their communication skills B. Gather information and form a contract C. Get informed consent D. Teach them how to use "I messages," examine automatic thoughts, and explore their expectations about marriage

B. Gather information and form a contract

All of the following are dual relationships. Which one is considered to be avoidable? A. Being a member of a large church in the same town with a client B. Having lunch with a client to celebrate her reaching her goals C. Having a daughter in the same school play as a client's daughter D. Seeing a client in the grocery store

B. Having lunch with a client to celebrate her reaching her goals

A social worker is working in individual therapy with an Asian American man who is gay. The client has been feeling increasingly anxious because his parents have been pressuring him to get married. He hasn't told his parents that he's gay and he isn't sure what to do. The social worker spends some time with the client helping him express and sort out his feelings about this situation. What should the social worker do NEXT? A. Use role-playing exercises with the client so that he can practice coming out to his parents and anticipate their possible reactions and how to handle them. B. Help the client consider whether to come out to his parents by exploring relevant cultural variables and the potential consequences and benefits of coming out. C. Encourage the client to come out to his parents because secrecy is not working for him, and offer to work with him and his parents on their reactions, including potential guilt or grief D. Focus on how the client's culture feels about homosexuality vs. how the client feels about it

B. Help the client consider whether to come out to his parents by exploring relevant cultural variables and the potential consequences and benefits of coming out.

Louise, a 64-year-old woman is terrified of developing shingles. She tells the social worker that she has had the vaccine, but is convinced that shingles "has a target on my back." Several of her friends have had shingles, and she has seen first hand what it can do. In addition to taking the vaccine, she spends hours every week researching shingles on the internet and has spent a good deal of money on various "cures" or preventatives. Finally, her husband got angry with her and told her she had to come to counseling. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Somatic symptom disorder B. Illness anxiety disorder C. Factitious Disorder D. Delusional disorder, somatic type

B. Illness anxiety disorder

A patient in hospice care tells the social worker that he has decided to end his life so that he can prevent his loved ones from suffering anymore. He describes a fairly detailed suicide plan. What should the social worker do? A. Note this in the patient's record and monitor him closely. B. Inform the hospice medical staff. C. Respect the client's decision because he is terminally ill. D. Offer the client incentives to keep living.

B. Inform the hospice medical staff.

A social worker is meeting with a mother who gave birth several months ago. The mother drank alcohol regularly while she was pregnant and her baby has been diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome. This diagnosis suggests that the baby is MOST likely to exhibit which of the following either now or as he grows older? A. Intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, anxiety disorders B. Lower-than-average intelligence, abnormal facial features, growth deficiencies C. Macroencephaly, lower-than-average intelligence, chronic depression D. Abnormal facial features, delayed motor development, cerebral palsy

B. Lower-than-average intelligence, abnormal facial features, growth deficiencies

In the DSM-5, the intentional production of symptoms for the purpose of obtaining an external reward is characteristic of which of the following? A. Factitious disorder imposed on self B. Malingering C. Somatic symptom disorder D. Illness anxiety disorder

B. Malingering

The social worker is doing crisis assessment at a local hospital. What is most helpful to have as a crisis assessment worker? A. Concrete action plans with a focus on restoring client equilibrium B. Nonjudgmental attitude, a collaborative style, and an ability to reinforce small gains C. A standardized set of questions to determine lethality D. Active listening skills like paraphrasing and reflecting feelings

B. Nonjudgmental attitude, a collaborative style, and an ability to reinforce small gains

A gay man who has just lost a close friend to AIDS seeks therapy from a social worker. He asks for help dealing with his sadness, anger, and frustration over his loss. The social worker is well known as a specialist in grief therapy, but she's aware that she has strong personal biases against gay people. What is the social worker's BEST course of action? A. Provide therapy to this client because her personal feelings should not affect her professional decisions in any way B. Refer the client to a therapist who can help him deal with his grief C. Provide therapy to this client, but seek consultation if she loses her objectivity D. Let the client decide if he is willing to work with her despite her biases

B. Refer the client to a therapist who can help him deal with his grief

A social worker is meeting with a couple who are trying to have another baby, but are having trouble conceiving. What terminology represents this case? A. Primary infertility B. Secondary infertility C. Delayed fertility D. Fertility failure

B. Secondary infertility

A social worker is working with a couple that is in the process of divorcing with children. The social worker has worked with couples going through a divorce before but not yet with children involved. The social worker recognizes that she lacks knowledge about the state's laws related to divorce and children. What would be the social worker's BEST action to take? A. Seek supervision and/or consultation B. Seek information to learn more C. Refer the couple to another professional D. Encourage the couple to learn about the state laws

B. Seek information to learn more

A client begins crying during his first therapy session. What should the social worker do? A. Reassure the client that he'll feel better now that he's in therapy B. Sit quietly with the client until he is ready to speak C. Ask an open-ended question that invites the client to tell her why he is crying D. Ask the client if she can come sit beside him

B. Sit quietly with the client until he is ready to speak

Earl, a 21-year-old man, is having a first psychotic break. His family reports that he has always been a "loner" but that he has always gotten good grades and never given them "any trouble." Recently he started acting strangely, stopped going to work, and complained of hearing "annoying" voices. What should the social worker be MOST concerned about? A. Earl becoming a danger to others B. Suicidality C. Erratic behaviors D. Homelessness

B. Suicidality

Family therapy is MOST likely to be contraindicated (inappropriate) in which of the following cases? A. The mother and father are thinking about getting a divorce. B. The father has a history of physically abusing the mother. C. The 15-year-old son has a substance use disorder. D. The 12-year-old daughter is the family scapegoat.

B. The father has a history of physically abusing the mother.

A social worker is providing case management services to a single mother with three young children who has been unable to find a steady job. She's having trouble supporting her family. The client suffers from frequent migraine headaches but can't afford adequate medical treatment because she has no health insurance. The only doctor she's seen recently didn't take her seriously, and she reports that the doctor said her headaches would stop if she "learned to relax." The client knows where her ex-husband is, but he's not interested in the children and won't pay child support. What is the social worker's primary purpose in providing case management services to this client? A. To improve the client's functioning so that she can use services more effectively B. To link and coordinate the services that the client needs C. To provide the client with support so that she can meet her own needs D. To improve the client's access to services she is entitled to, but has been denied

B. To link and coordinate the services that the client needs

A social worker should never: A. breach confidentiality. B. advise a client about her medication dosage. C. monitor the client's medication compliance. D. consult another professional without informing the client.

B. advise a client about her medication dosage.

For many years, a 26-year-old has had intense and unstable relationships and exhibited reckless driving, drug use, repeated suicide attempts, and uncertainty about his career goals. The MOST likely diagnosis is: A. histrionic personality disorder. B. borderline personality disorder. C. schizotypal personality disorder. D. narcissistic personality disorder.

B. borderline personality disorder

When using the DSM-5, a diagnosis of a major neurocognitive disorder requires the presence of a significant decline in: A. social and occupational functioning from premorbid functioning. B. cognitive functioning that interferes with independence in everyday activities. C. at least three areas of cognitive functioning. D. the ability to perform activities of daily living

B. cognitive functioning that interferes with independence in everyday activities.

A client is angry at her father for not taking care of her as a child, and leaving her in the care of her psychotic mother. Whenever her father tries to do anything for her now, the client dismisses it and creates an explanation that confirms her belief that her father is still abandoning her. The social worker notices that her client only pays attention to information that supports her interpretation of her father's behavior. This is known as: A. defensive functioning. B. confirmation bias. C. paradigm choice. D. psychological consonance.

B. confirmation bias.

A supervisor of social workers who are involved in community organizing would be MOST likely to focus his efforts on: A. providing direct supervision. B. dealing with issues of organizational loyalty. C. identifying the needs of the social workers' clients. D. assigning and reviewing the work done by social workers.

B. dealing with issues of organizational loyalty.

The social worker receives a referral to assess an 11-year-old girl who is displaying anxiety, depression, and is socially isolated. When the social worker meets with her she shyly tells the social worker that her mother "drinks a lot" and that she "tries to help her" so that she "doesn't have to drink so much." The girl is the oldest of 5 and is expected to get her siblings ready for school, help them with their homework, and do most of the housework. The social worker would refer to this as: A. child of alcoholic syndrome. B. destructive parentification. C. codependency. D. generalized anxiety disorder.

B. destructive parentification

When setting the fee for services, social workers should follow these following guidelines EXCEPT _________________. A. giving consideration to a client's ability to pay B. determining the fee based on whether a client does or does not have insurance C. consistency of fees with services performed D. fair and reasonable fees with services performed

B. determining the fee based on whether a client does or does not have insurance

Leon Festinger (1957) proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency to function mentally in the real world, and adjust their cognitions and behavior accordingly. When a man decides he doesn't want to get drunk at a party, and then drinks anyway, it would be seen as a: A. consonant relationship. B. dissonant relationship. C. irrelevant relationship. D. magnitude of dissonance.

B. dissonant relationship.

An Hispanic individual who recently immigrated to the United States is MOST likely to have difficulty working with a social worker who: A. adopts an eclectic orientation. B. encourages individualism. C. has an informal personal style. D. displays an interest in the client's level of acculturation.

B. encourages individualism.

As defined by Freud, defense mechanisms such as regression, repression, and projection can be MOST accurately described as: A. unconscious mechanisms that help the individual resolve conflicts. B. mechanisms used by the ego to reduce feelings of anxiety. C. mechanisms used by the id to protect itself from its own threatening impulses. D. mechanisms used by the superego to keep the id from expressing its undesirable impulses.

B. mechanisms used by the ego to reduce feelings of anxiety.

As described in the DSM-5, the level of severity of alcohol use disorder and other substance use disorders is based on: A. degree of functional impairment. B. number of symptoms. C. the presence of tolerance and/or withdrawal. D. the degree of distress caused by use of the substance.

B. number of symptoms.

The client is a 9-year-old girl who is brought in by her mother. The girl's grades have dropped and she has been spending a lot of time by herself in her bedroom. When the mother tries to engage the girl in a conversation about the changes in her behavior, the girl becomes upset and refuses to talk. The social worker suspects that the girl may be depressed and assesses her for the core symptoms of a major depressive episode. When doing so, the social worker keeps in mind that certain symptoms are common in children with major depressive disorder. These symptoms include: A. cognitive symptoms, social withdrawal, distractibility. B. somatic complaints, irritability, social withdrawal. C. somatic complaints, aggressiveness, irritability. D. irritability, social withdrawal, cognitive symptoms.

B. somatic complaints, irritability, social withdrawal.

Group therapy might be appropriate for the client in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT if ____________________. A. the client's primary problem involves difficulties with intimacy B. the client is unmotivated to change C. the client is psychologically sophisticated D. the client wants to overcome her shyness

B. the client is unmotivated to change

Lorna and Nick have been trying to get pregnant for three months now. Lorna, 25, is afraid that something is "wrong" with her because she has not gotten pregnant yet. She had cancer when she was 15, and is worried that that might interfere with her ability to get pregnant. Nick has a young son from another relationship. Healthy couples under age 30 who have sex regularly will have about a _____ chance of getting pregnant each month. A. 0.1 B. 0.05 C. 0.2 D. 0.3

C. 0.2

Which of the following best describes an "ecosystem"? A. A community and those who live in the community. B. An individual and his social support system. C. An individual, other living systems, and their physical environment. D. An individual and his home and workplace.

C. An individual, other living systems, and their physical environment.

A social worker discovers that a client diagnosed with bipolar I disorder has been exhibiting symptoms of the disorder for the past week. What is the social worker's BEST course of action? A. Have the client hospitalized. B. Verify that the client has been taking her medication properly. C. Arrange for the client to see her psychiatrist. D. Contact the client's family for collateral information and support.

C. Arrange for the client to see her psychiatrist.

One important guideline for the appropriate use of self-disclosure by a social worker is which of the following? A. Use self-disclosure freely in the first interview to encourage the client to speak openly about the problem B. Never self-disclose until a client asks you to C. Avoid self-disclosure until after rapport has developed D. Use self-disclosure only when the client is reluctant to talk

C. Avoid self-disclosure until after rapport has developed

Which of the following is an exception to protecting confidentiality of the client? A. Talking to the court about a mandated client B. Spousal or partner abuse C. Compelling professional reasons D. Collaboration with a psychiatrist

C. Compelling professional reasons

A social worker is leading a group made up of female clients who have been ordered into treatment by the court. The clients all have alcohol use disorder. During a group meeting, one of the clients asks the social worker if she's currently dating anyone. How should the social worker respond to this? A. Redirect the focus by inviting the clients to talk about their relationships B. Recognize this as an opportunity to build trust and answer the question C. Decline to answer the question and reinforce the purpose of the group D. Answer the question to reinforce the norm of self-disclosure

C. Decline to answer the question and reinforce the purpose of the group

What is a means of protecting oneself from real or imagined danger? A. Mirroring B. Neurolinguistic Programming C. Defensiveness D. Manipulation

C. Defensiveness

An individual undergoing cocaine withdrawal is MOST likely to experience which of the following? A. Ideas of reference B. Pupillary dilation C. Depression D. Tachycardia

C. Depression

A client has been in therapy since the break-up of his marriage several months ago. He arrives for a session looking disheveled. After a few minutes, he tells the social worker that he can't eat or sleep. As he speaks, his voice quivers and he appears to be in significant emotional distress. In terms of assessing these changes in the client's functioning, what should the social worker do FIRST? A. Assess for major depressive disorder and refer the client for physical evaluations B. Evaluate the degree of disequilibrium and immobility to determine whether the client is in crisis C. Determine threat to life by asking direct questions D. Identify stressful events that have occurred since the last session and explore the client's perceptions of them

C. Determine threat to life by asking direct questions

What is the role in court called when a social worker presents a professional opinion about a situation in which he is not directly involved, and afterward, the social worker's testimony is used by decision-makers to help them examine the evidence or consider the merits of the issue at hand? A. Client advocate B. Petitioner C. Expert witness D. Colleague

C. Expert witness

While meeting for the first time with a family, a social worker observes that the 3-year-old son is exhibiting behaviors that may be consistent with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. To learn more about the boy's behaviors, what should the social worker do FIRST? A. Refer to a psychiatrist B. Refer to a psychologist C. Explore the onset and severity of the behaviors D. Explain the nature of autism spectrum disorder to the parents and ask for their observations

C. Explore the onset and severity of the behaviors

A client is grieving the recent death of her husband. She is in the first phase of an active crisis state and reports difficulty sleeping and a high level of anxiety. The social worker verifies that the client is not thinking about suicide, uses sustainment to lessen her anxiety, and, toward the end of the session, recommends that she return for a few more sessions of crisis intervention, perhaps followed by grief counseling. The client rejects this and insists on being referred to a support group now. What is the social worker's BEST course of action? A. Refer the client to the group but explain to her why doing do is contraindicated B. Refer the client to the group because it is an appropriate alternative to individual therapy in this case C. Explore why the client doesn't want individual therapy D. Begin individual therapy with or without the client's consent

C. Explore why the client doesn't want individual therapy

The client is a 41-year-old married man who reports feeling tired a lot of the time and having tremendous difficulty concentrating at his job. He no longer enjoys his work and finds that he is easily annoyed by his family and friends. He adds that he thinks he's depressed but doesn't know what to do to "pick himself up." In an effort to understand the client's needs, the social worker assesses him for suicidal risk; gathers information about his health history, medication use, and health and lifestyle behaviors; and performs a mental status exam to assess his psychological status. What should the social worker do NEXT? A. Use the mental status exam findings to formulate an accurate diagnosis of the client's mental health condition B. Identify the extent to which medical factors are affecting the client's psychological functioning and vice versa C. Gather information on the client's cultural background, social relations, and environmental connections D. Gather information on the client's family by using a genogram to map family patterns

C. Gather information on the client's cultural background, social relations, and environmental connections

An individual diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder is MOST likely to display which of the following? A. Rapidly changing and shallow expression of emotion B. Instability in self-image, interpersonal relationships, and mood C. Grandiose behavior and a lack of empathy D. Excessive emotionality and attention seeking

C. Grandiose behavior and a lack of empathy

A 68-year-old client who retired six months ago reports that he has been feeling isolated, useless, and a little depressed. He has seen his doctor, who ruled out a medical condition. What intervention should the social worker use? A. Help him perform a "life review" B. Modify his mistaken beliefs about aging and retirement C. Help him identify activities that will restore meaning to his life D. Help him resolve unfinished business

C. Help him identify activities that will restore meaning to his life

If left untreated, diabetes mellitus can result in which of the following symptoms? A. Emotional lability, obesity, memory loss, depression B. Accelerated heart rate, nervousness, agitation, fatigue, insomnia C. Increased appetite with weight loss, apathy, confusion, mental dullness D. Lethargy, slowed heart rate, depression, impaired concentration and memory

C. Increased appetite with weight loss, apathy, confusion, mental dullness

When using the DSM-5, an individual's functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains is evaluated to determine the appropriate severity level for which of the following diagnoses? A. Autism spectrum disorder B. Specific learning disorder C. Intellectual disability D. PTSD

C. Intellectual disability

The client has been deeply depressed for months. The social worker recommends that the client see a psychiatrist, and the client agreed to start taking anti-depressants. Two weeks after he started the medication, the client shows up to his session extremely happy. He reels off plans for starting to build a boat that he's wanted to build for years and talks about maybe quitting his job and sailing around the world. What is the most probable cause for the change in the client's mood? A. The client is hypomanic. B. The anti-depressants have kicked in and the client is out of his depression. C. It may be that the client actually has bipolar disorder and the anti-depressants have triggered a manic episode. D. The client is back to his normal state of happiness and energy.

C. It may be that the client actually has bipolar disorder and the anti-depressants have triggered a manic episode.

Winnifred and Richard are a couple in their late 30s who have been trying to get pregnant for a year. Winnifred has become increasingly upset over that fact that "nothing seems to work." Richard has become angry and withdrawn, and has started drinking more. They report fighting all of the time. Which of the following would be the best thing for the social worker to say in this instance? A. There's always adoption. B. Maybe you should take a break from it for a while. C. It's possible that you wont be able to get pregnant. D. Try to relax, eat well, and take care of your body to increase your chances.

C. It's possible that you wont be able to get pregnant.

The social worker is assessing a family in an extremely poor, industrial neighborhood. The two children in the family, 2 years and 6 months, appear to be developmentally delayed. They both seem weak and are low weight. What should the social worker suspect FIRST? A. Child neglect B. Fragile X syndrome C. Lead exposure D. Fetal alcohol syndrome

C. Lead exposure

James is firmly convinced that he is dying from a rare disease. He has been struggling for some time with symptoms of depression that have worsened recently. He swears that he feels his organs "rotting" inside him. He is also sure that he caught the disease because he is "a poor excuse for a human being," and that many of the things that are wrong with the world are his fault. Which of the following would NOT apply to James? A. Major depressive disorder with mood-congruent psychosis B. Delusional disorder C. Major depressive disorder with mood-incongruent psychosis D. A medical disorder

C. Major depressive disorder with mood-incongruent psychosis

To ensure that a client's consent to treatment is truly "informed," a social worker must do which of the following? A. Make sure that the client reads the entire consent form before signing it. B. Make sure that the client is aware of the potential risks related to the services before he signs the consent form. C. Make sure that the client understands the information contained in the consent form before he signs it. D. Ask the client if he has any questions before he signs the consent form.

C. Make sure that the client understands the information contained in the consent form before he signs it.

Janet comes in to see the social worker because she has been obsessing about using heroin again, after being clean for 3 years. She keeps thinking about how much fun she had with her old friends, and how nice it would be to "just try it one more time" before committing to a life of sobriety. This could be called: A. Emotional relapse B. Relapse C. Mental relapse D. Triggering thoughts

C. Mental relapse

In asthma, the muscles of the walls of the bronchi contract, making it difficult to breathe. This response is triggered by which branch of the nervous system? A. Autonomic nervous system B. Sympathetic nervous system C. Parasympathetic nervous system D. Central nervous system

C. Parasympathetic nervous system

A social worker is beginning to work with a family of four, including the father, mother, and two children, ages 18 and 19. The mother was recently diagnosed with a serious mental disorder and is taking medication that is helping to control her symptoms. During the first session, the father and children focus on talking about the mother's insurance coverage. What is the social worker's BEST course of action? A. Point out and address the family's denial B. Redirect their focus C. Reframe the family's behavior as concern D. Allow them to continue talking about insurance coverage until they are ready to talk about the mother's illness

C. Reframe the family's behavior as concern

A social worker begins working in individual therapy with an adult male who is on probation. The client was ordered into therapy by the court and has been cooperating. His probation officer contacts the social worker, requesting information about how the client is progressing in therapy. What should the social worker do? A. Automatically release information to the probation officer because the treatment is court ordered. B. Automatically release information to the probation officer because people on probation have limited confidentiality rights. C. Release information to the probation officer if she has permission from her client to do so. D. Decline to release information to the probation officer unless presented with a court order.

C. Release information to the probation officer if she has permission from her client to do so.

Mason presents with auditory hallucinations, strange beliefs, and disorganized speech. His clothes are mismatched, and he smells. He doesn't make eye-contact with the social worker and his expression is flat. What is likely the cause of Mason's symptoms? A. Bipolar disorder B. A brain injury C. Schizotypal personality disorder D. Major depressive disorder

C. Schizotypal personality disorder

The clients are a family of three, including the mother, father, and 1-year-old son. The family has been referred by their pediatrician because the child is underweight and malnourished. The pediatrician has ruled out a medical condition that could account for this. Assuming that this boy has nonorganic failure to thrive, which of the following is LEAST likely to be true about him or his parents? A. The boy's temperament makes him difficult to feed. B. The parents don't understand the boy's nutritional needs. C. The boy's Apgar scores were low right after he was born. D. The boy had a low birth-weight.

C. The boy's Apgar scores were low right after he was born.

Whom of the following is most likely to have capacity to provide informed consent? A. A client currently experiencing an acute psychotic episode B. A minor C. The legal guardian of a minor D. A client under the influence of drugs or alcohol

C. The legal guardian of a minor

The social worker is evaluating a client in crisis. She is anxious, short of breath, and very nervous. What question is most pertinent for the social worker to ask? A. Has this ever happened before? B. What are you looking for by coming here? C. Why now? D. What do you think it means?

C. Why now?

A social worker is meeting with a 30-year-old woman who reports having difficulty sustaining meaningful relationships. In the first interview, the client expresses a strong desire to change and says she hopes that meetings with a social worker will enable her to connect better with others. During the next two sessions, the client talks at length about her former relationships and theorizes about why they ended. She tells many detailed stories about old friends and boyfriends. When the social worker tries to redirect the client to an exploration of how she might improve her interpersonal skills, the client resists this and continues telling stories about her past. What strategy should the social worker use to redirect the client's energy toward efforts at therapeutic change? A. Point out her successes and strengths as she describes her relationships B. Empathize as she talks about her relationship difficulties C. Work with her to establish clear short-term objectives with time-frames for completion D. Confront her resistance to change

C. Work with her to establish clear short-term objectives with time-frames for completion

A client has been feeling tired and having headaches but can't afford to pay for medical care. She asks the social worker whether she might be eligible for Medicaid. In response, the social worker could explain that eligibility for Medicaid is based on all of the following criteria EXCEPT ________________________. A. resources B. income C. age D. health factors

C. age

A social worker is conducting an interview with a client who expresses a tremendous amount of anger about something that happened during the week at his job. The social worker realizes that she needs to help the client regain control so that his anger doesn't escalate to a point where he becomes dangerous. To achieve that goal, the social worker may do all of the following EXCEPT ___________. A. admit her error and apologize if she says something that causes the client to become more angry B. let the client know exactly what the social worker needs from him right now C. give the client specific advice on how to manage his angry feelings D. give the client supportive feedback to mitigate his angry feelings

C. give the client specific advice on how to manage his angry feelings

A social worker leaves the agency where she has been employed for several years in order to set up an independent private practice. According to the NASW Code of Ethics, the social worker may refer her clients from the agency to herself: A. if she has made an agreement about this with her former agency. B. if the clients have been making progress by working with her. C. if she has made an agreement about this with her former agency and informed the clients of other options available to them. D. under no circumstances; doing so would be unethical.

C. if she has made an agreement about this with her former agency and informed the clients of other options available to them.

The negative impact of prolonged stress on a person's health is attributable, in part, to chronically elevated levels of cortisol and other stress hormones, which over time can compromise the functioning of a person's: A. cardiovascular system. B. respiratory system. C. immune system. D. nervous system.

C. immune system.

In regards to making legal decisions for themselves, minors are considered to be _________________. A. emancipated B. legally competent C. legally incompetent D. adults

C. legally incompetent

When a situation with a client presents a conflict between professional and personal values and makes the social worker morally uncomfortable, he could do all of the following options EXCEPT _________________. A. refer the client to another professional B. seek supervision or consultation C. modify ethical requirements D. set the discomfort aside

C. modify ethical requirements

Long-term outcome for patients with psychosis is worst when: A. there are reduced premorbid abnormalities preceding the onset of psychosis. B. onset is later in life. C. onset is before the age of 12. D. symptoms are secondary to a mood disorder.

C. onset is before the age of 12.

Fred and Laura are a couple in their 30s that are trying to get pregnant. When they consult with a social worker, she tells them that if they would "just stop worrying so much about it" and "relax," it would increase their chances of conceiving. The social worker's statement was: A. inappropriate and potentially harmful. B. good advice. C. potentially harmful as she is blaming the victim. D. useful advice as stress plays a role in the ability to conceive.

C. potentially harmful as she is blaming the victim.

All of the following are generally appropriate when setting goals with a client EXCEPT _______________. A. redirecting the client when his goals are unrealistic B. discussing the potential risks associated with each goal C. rank ordering goals according to the social worker's problem-solving priorities D. allowing the client to have the final say in selecting the goals

C. rank ordering goals according to the social worker's problem-solving priorities

A social worker trying to build support for a new program would use co-optation to: A. expose opposition. B. exclude opposition. C. reduce opposition. D. voice opposition.

C. reduce opposition.

The Code of Ethics requires social workers to __________when there are aspects of a case outside of the legal scope of social work practice. A. learn new information B. seek supervision or consultation C. refer a client to another professional or agency D. request information from other professionals

C. refer a client to another professional or agency

To receive Title IV-B funding for foster care, states are required to provide certain protections to all children in foster care. These protections include all of the following EXCEPT: A. placement consistent with the child's special needs. B. a plan for attaining permanence for the child. C. regular visitation between the child and his biological parents. D. placement in close proximity to the child's biological parents.

C. regular visitation between the child and his biological parents.

In a social service agency, a supervisor should: A. mostly side with and advocate on behalf of direct service workers. B. emphasize promoting the goals and interests of agency administrators. C. serve as a bridge between the interests of administrators and the interests of direct service workers. D. avoid becoming involved in disputes arising between administrators and direct service workers.

C. serve as a bridge between the interests of administrators and the interests of direct service workers.

A man has had to repair his car numerous times over the years, adding up to quite a bit of money. Recently, the car broke down again, and his mechanic told him that it's really not worth repairing it, given how old it is. The man insists on having the repairs done, against the mechanic's advice. This is known as: A. plan continuation bias. B. cognitive dissonance. C. the sunk cost fallacy. D. the overoptimistic probability bias.

C. the sunk cost fallacy.

When establishing mutuality, the social worker communicates that she: A. won't allow the client to make decisions that harm him. B. understands the client's experience from his point of view. C. views the client as an equal partner in the helping relationship. D. takes responsibility for her own feelings and can admit when she makes a mistake.

C. views the client as an equal partner in the helping relationship.

In behavioral therapy, extinction involves: A. removal of an aversive stimulus contingent on performance of a desired behavior. B. application of a desirable stimulus contingent on performance of a desirable behavior. C. withdrawal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior. D. consistent application of a negative reinforcer for a previously positively reinforced behavior.

C. withdrawal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior.

At what age does a baby typically begin to respond to his own name? A. 12 months B. 4 months C. 18 months D. 6 months

D. 6 months

Respite care would be MOST useful in which of the following situations? A. A teenage runaway needs shelter. B. A battered woman needs protection. C. A frail older adult has no one to care for him. D. A single mother needs a break from caring for her young child.

D. A single mother needs a break from caring for her young child.

Which of the following statements about the need to obtain valid consent before releasing confidential information about a client is MOST true? A. A social worker must always obtain valid consent from a client or a client's legal representative before releasing confidential information. B. Before consulting with a colleague about a client's case, a social worker must always obtain valid consent from the client. C. When a social worker wishes to release confidential information to a client's family members, he or she may do so without obtaining valid consent from the client. D. A social worker must obtain valid consent from the client some of the time before releasing confidential information.

D. A social worker must obtain valid consent from the client some of the time before releasing confidential information.

Jan and Tom have been trying to have a child naturally for three years with no success. They are now considering third-party reproduction. Third-party reproduction includes all but which of the following? A. Oocyte donation B. Embryo adoption C. Straight surrogacy D. Adoption

D. Adoption

Which of the following produces the most serious neuro-behavioral effects on the developing fetus? A. Heroin B. Cocaine C. Marijuana D. Alcohol

D. Alcohol

A 12-year-old girl and a 13-year-old boy are found playing sexual games with each other in a school restroom. The girl's parents are worried and seek advice from a social worker. The social worker acknowledges the parents' expressions of worry. What should the social worker do NEXT? A. Allay the parents' concerns because this sounds like normal sexual experimentation. B. File a suspected child abuse report. C. Refer the child to a medical doctor and recommend that she begin individual therapy. D. Assess the situation further.

D. Assess the situation further.

Which of the following describes the social service delivery policy known as selective eligibility? A. Eligibility is based on something other than need. B. Benefits and services are provided in the same amount to all individuals in the nation. C. Benefits and services are provided only to individuals who are members of a special group, such as veterans. D. Benefits and services are provided only to individuals who meet specific, predefined criteria.

D. Benefits and services are provided only to individuals who meet specific, predefined criteria.

The MMPI-2 can be used to measure which of the following? A. Intelligence B. Premorbid functioning C. Family dynamics D. Characteristic behavior

D. Characteristic behavior

A client reports experiencing fatigue and excessive nervousness. She says she has a history of periodic depression but has never felt so nervous or anxious before. She was treated for depression two years ago and says that her mood has improved since then. Now, she's just a "nervous wreck" and feels like she can never calm down. What should the social worker do FIRST in assessing this client? A. Collect a detailed history of the onset, development, frequency, and nature of the client's anxiety symptoms B. Ask the client about other symptoms she's experiencing to determine whether her depression has returned C. Ask the client about recent events, stressors, and transitions in her life and explore her responses to them D. Collect a medical history, including a review of medications, and refer the client for a physical exam

D. Collect a medical history, including a review of medications, and refer the client for a physical exam

A child acquires the ability to think in logical, cause-and-effect terms, learns to solve the problems of conservation, and can adopt other people's perspectives. According to Piaget's approach to intellectual functioning, the child is in which phase of cognitive development? A. Formal operations B. Preoperational C. Sensorimotor D. Concrete operations

D. Concrete operations

The DSM-5 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure is an informant-rated measure that assesses mental health domains across numerous diagnosis. Which of the following is NOT on the measure? A. Somatic symptoms B. Substance use C .Depression D. Depersonalization

D. Depersonalization

Charlotte's husband Bill has been suddenly taken very ill with a respiratory illness that has put him in the hospital. Charlotte is frantic when she calls the social worker and is almost incoherent. What should the social worker do? A. Strongly encourage Charlotte to come in for her next available appointment slot B. Do a mental status exam over the phone C. Encourage Charlotte to call her doctor and ask for a prescription of anti-anxiety medications D. Determine if there is someone that can be called to come and be with Charlotte

D. Determine if there is someone that can be called to come and be with Charlotte

The client is a recently divorced woman who has sole custody of her 14-year-old daughter. The client is distraught over her daughter's behavior and still depressed about her divorce. She tells the social worker that her daughter has been going out too much lately and becoming secretive about her behavior outside the home. The client is afraid that her daughter is sexually active. From the facts given so far, what is the MOST likely explanation for this situation? A. Multigenerational transmission process B. Disengaged family structure C. Enmeshed family structure D. Developmental crisis in the family life cycle

D. Developmental crisis in the family life cycle

A 22 year-old college student is being seen in therapy for six months and her mother is paying for it because she cannot afford the fee on her own. She has issues with her mother about instances of neglect and abuse in her childhood due to her mothers drinking. She decides to confront her mother about her feelings. One day the mother calls the social worker and angrily states if is she knew that her daughter was going to bring "all of that up" she never would have agreed to pay for therapy. She states that she will no longer pay for her daughters sessions. What should the social worker do? A. Invite the mother in for a session with her daughter to work on their issues B. Discuss the issue with the daughter and refer her to another therapist if she cannot afford the current fee C. Advise the mother that the therapy is really helping her daughter and ask her to reconsider her decision D. Discuss the issue with the daughter and offer her a lower fee

D. Discuss the issue with the daughter and offer her a lower fee

After nine months with weekly sessions, a client in psychotherapy has made no significant progress. She and the social worker have reviewed and revised the treatment plan several times. To behave in an ethical way, what should the social worker do? A. Arrange to see the client more frequently for a specified length of time B. Seek supervision or consultation C. Ask the client what she would like to do D. Discuss with the client the termination of his services to her and referral to other helping sources

D. Discuss with the client the termination of his services to her and referral to other helping sources

A social worker has been working with an adult client for five months, and the presenting problem is in remission. The client tells the social worker that he wants to terminate services, however, the social worker believes that the client would benefit from additional services to consolidate the gains he has made. What should the social worker do? A. Discuss with the client why he wants to terminate B. Seek case consultation C. Agree to terminate because the client feels ready to leave D. Explain to the client why she feels he shouldn't terminate but allow him to do so if he still wants to after that

D. Explain to the client why she feels he shouldn't terminate but allow him to do so if he still wants to after that

A social worker is providing case management services to a client. She and the client have completed a careful assessment, established the goals that will be pursued, developed a service plan, and determined what resources are most likely to be helpful for the client. The social worker is now ready to connect the client to these resources. In using connecting activities with this client, what is the social worker's ultimate goal? A. For the client to obtain all of the resources he needs B. For the client to report a satisfactory experience with the other providers C. For the client to make these appointments on his own and maintain appropriate contact with these providers D. For the client to take charge of getting and using the resources he needs

D. For the client to take charge of getting and using the resources he needs

A social worker is working in individual therapy with a 30-year-old client who is having difficulty making decisions. The client is trying to decide whether to move back into his parents' house so that he can save money to return to college. The social worker and client discuss this decision, including using a decision matrix to consider the pros and cons of each option. The client arrives at a decision that the social worker disagrees with. What should the social worker do? A. Help the client express the basis for his decision and provide him with more information to facilitate the best decision B. Review the decision matrix with the client C. Support the client's willingness to make a decision, but make it clear that she has reservations about his choice and identify her reservations D. Help the client identify what steps he needs to take to carry out his decision

D. Help the client identify what steps he needs to take to carry out his decision

A social worker receives a phone call from a psychologist who has just started providing therapy to a woman who is a former client of the social worker's. The psychologist asks the social worker to give her a brief synopsis of his work with this client. The psychologist and social worker are good friends. What should the social worker do? A. Give the psychologist only objective information about the client's therapy B. Acknowledge that he worked with the client but withhold confidential information until he has a release of information form signed by the client C. Give the psychologist whatever information she asks for because doing so is in the best interests of the client D. Not even admit that he worked with the client until he has a release of information form signed by the client

D. Not even admit that he worked with the client until he has a release of information form signed by the client

A social worker who has a private practice discovers that a former client has applied for the open secretarial position in her office. From an ethical standpoint, what should the social worker do? A. Hire the client only if he is the best candidate for the job. B. Meet with the client to determine whether he feels comfortable working for her. C. Hire the client whether or not he is the best candidate for the job. D. Not hire the client.

D. Not hire the client.

Amelia, 52, brings in Ana, 14, for counseling. She says that Ana has become very argumentative lately and has stopped eating. "She's up at all hours of the night," Amelia says. Ana has also gotten into trouble at school for talking back and was once suspended for calling her teacher a foul name. What would be the most likely considerations for a diagnostic formulation for Ana? A. Insomnia disorder, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder B .Oppositional defiant disorder, insomnia disorder, bipolar disorder C. Stimulant use disorder, adjustment disorder w/mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct, insomnia disorder D. Oppositional defiant disorder, stimulant use disorder, bipolar disorder

D. Oppositional defiant disorder, stimulant use disorder, bipolar disorder

Which statement is NOT true about the prodromal phase of schizophrenia? A. Changes in thinking, mood and behavior the prodromal phase can be predictive of a psychotic episode. B. Symptoms that are typical of the prodrome phase of psychosis may also be due to other causes. C. A psychotic episode is always preceded by gradual non-specific changes in the person's thoughts, perceptions, behaviors, and functioning. D. Prodromal symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and very odd or disorganized speech or behaviors.

D. Prodromal symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and very odd or disorganized speech or behaviors.

A legal guardian is appointed by the court for a 9-year-old boy after his biological parents are found guilty of severe child abuse. The legal guardian brings the boy to a social worker for treatment. What should the social worker do? A. Obtain permission from both of the boy's biological parents before providing treatment. B. Obtain permission from one of the boy's biological relatives before providing treatment. C. Obtain permission from the court before providing treatment. D. Provide the treatment to the boy as requested by the guardian.

D. Provide the treatment to the boy as requested by the guardian.

A hospital social worker is meeting with a patient who suffers from chronic pain. The patient discloses that her boyfriend has been using her prescribed pain medication. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Confront the boyfriend about this B. Recommend addiction treatment for the boyfriend C. Help the patient find ways to prevent her boyfriend from accessing her medication D. Record this information in the patient's record and notify medical staff

D. Record this information in the patient's record and notify medical staff

An adult client who is distraught over the death of her mother has scheduled an appointment with a social worker. The social worker recently lost his own mother and he starts crying with the client during the first interview. From an ethical standpoint, what should the social worker do? A. Seek consultation B. Continue working with client as though nothing has happened C. Work with the client on grief issues but monitor himself closely D. Refer the client to a different therapist

D. Refer the client to a different therapist

Bob and Nancy bring their adopted son Lionel, age 8, in for counseling. They adopted him at 3-years-old after he had been neglected in his family of origin. Lately, Lionel has been talking back, getting very angry, and "acting depressed." What is the best way to assess this case? A. Observe the whole family together and carefully note their interactional style B. See the couple, and then meet alone with Lionel C. See the family together and then meet with Lionel D. See the family as a whole, then the couple, and meet alone with Lionel

D. See the family as a whole, then the couple, and meet alone with Lionel

A young boy expresses a metaphor during a play therapy session. How would a play therapist respond to this? A. Encourage the child to express himself more directly B. Restate the metaphor and assess the child's reaction to this C. Ask the child to describe the meaning of his metaphor D. Stay with the metaphor

D. Stay with the metaphor

Two social workers are having lunch at a busy restaurant when one of the social worker's clients approaches him to say hello. What should the social worker do? A. Pretend he doesn't know the client B. Introduce the client as his friend to the other social worker C. Pull the client aside and explain confidentiality D. Tell the client he'll call her later

D. Tell the client he'll call her later

A social worker providing case management services is attempting to determine the needs of a client who has been unemployed for more than a year. The client is married and has two children. To gather information about the client's financial needs and need for other social provisions, the social worker should rely the MOST on which of the following sources? A .The client's family members B. Records and other documents concerning the client C. The client's past employers D. The client's report

D. The client's report

A client reports feeling sadness and loneliness after the death of his mother several months ago. While exploring these feelings with the social worker, the client suddenly withdraws from the conversation, saying he doesn't want to talk about his feelings anymore. Later in the session, the client blurts out that he also felt relieved when his mother died. What should the social worker do FIRST in responding to that statement? A. Explore why the client felt relieved B. Interpret the statement as a way of helping the client understand how he really feels C. Use the technique of mirroring to reduce the client's defensiveness D. Use the technique of universalization to let the client know that this feeling is normal

D. Use the technique of universalization to let the client know that this feeling is normal

As far as post-divorce functioning, studies have found that: A. Women and men usually adjust about equally well. B. Men are usually happier than women. C. Men and woman tend to be about equally dissatisfied with their lives. D. Women tend to be happier than men.

D. Women tend to be happier than men.

Lisa and Jose are going through invitro-fertilization (IVF) for the fourth time. They have had to take out a second mortgage on their home in order to pay for the treatment. They both report a great deal of stress as they go through this process. How do men and women tend to cope with the stress of IVF differently? A. Women tend to use avoidance and men tend to distance. B. Men tend to accept responsibility and women tend to use problem-solving. C. Women tend to use escapism and men tend to use distancing. D. Women tend to seek social support and men tend to problem-solve.

D. Women tend to seek social support and men tend to problem-solve.

A 24-year-old client is referred by his family physician for help in dealing with persistent feelings of sadness and apathy that emerged when he moved from his small hometown to the city. The client says that he's had depression before but it's worse than ever now that he's away from his family and friends for the first time. If the social worker were to use the cognitive theory described by Aaron Beck, she would consider the client's depression to be attributable to: A. uncontrollable events. B. object loss. C. inadequate reinforcements. D. automatic thoughts.

D. automatic thoughts.

The primary purpose of reflection is to ______________. A. provide support B. focus an interview C. interpret behavior D. build understanding

D. build understanding

A group of social workers involved in an episode of macro change has finished planning the intervention, including selecting an approach to change and establishing the intervention's goal and objectives. In the next phase of their work and prior to actually implementing their intervention, these social workers are likely to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. select a lead person or coordinator. B. acquire and organize resources needed to launch the intervention. C. hire additional personnel. D. develop a working hypothesis of intervention.

D. develop a working hypothesis of intervention.

A consultant's functions in client-centered case consultation include all of the following EXCEPT: A. collecting information. B. giving advice. C. problem-solving. D. mandating solutions.

D. mandating solutions.

According to Margaret Mahler (an object-relations theorist), a key developmental task of infancy is separation/individuation. The successful outcome of this task is: A. a strong bond with the primary caretaker. B. resolution of childhood psychosexual conflict. C. ability to use language to express complex, emotional feelings. D. permanent and distinct internal representations of self and other persons.

D. permanent and distinct internal representations of self and other persons.

A client, age 79, has come in alone for treatment. He is exhibiting some signs of depression. To clarify the nature of the problem in this case, the social worker should FIRST: A. ask the client how he spends his time. B. explore ways for the client to expand his support system. C. evaluate what losses the client has experienced in this stage of his life. D. refer the client to a neurologist for testing.

D. refer the client to a neurologist for testing.

The social worker receives a referral of a young man who has been struggling with some "identity" issues. He tells the social worker, with some hesitancy, that he is afraid he "might be gay." He has had girlfriends in the past, but is feeling strongly attracted to a friend, who, as far as he knows, is straight. He states that he was raised to believe that homosexuality is wrong, and this is all very confusing to him. He reports being "extremely anxious" about this. He states that he really wants to be "normal" and get married and have children with a woman, "like everybody else." He asks the social worker if s/he could help him do this. The social worker should: A. investigate whether reparative therapy would be appropriate to help him achieve his desire to be straight. B. share with the client his/her own beliefs about homosexuality and whether it can be changed. C. refer the client for a medication evaluation to manage his anxiety so that he will be better able to participate in therapy. D. refrain from expressing an opinion.

D. refrain from expressing an opinion.

If a social worker suspects they are being drawn into manipulation by a client, they should _________________. A. excuse and ignore the behavior B. refer the client to another social worker C. avoid holding the client responsible for her own behavior D. seek consultation

D. seek consultation

A client, age 31, tested positive for HIV two months ago, and during a therapy session reveals to the social worker that he has not told his girlfriend about his condition and sometimes has unprotected sex with her. In this situation, the social worker: A. must contact the client's girlfriend to inform her that the client is exposing her to HIV. B. must contact the client's girlfriend to inform her that she may have been exposed to HIV but must not reveal the client's identity. C. must contact the client's girlfriend to inform her that she may have been exposed to HIV but only if the client refuses to do so himself. D. should discuss her legal obligations with a knowledgeable colleague or an attorney.

D. should discuss her legal obligations with a knowledgeable colleague or an attorney.

The parents of a 10-year-old child whom a school social worker has tested ask to look at their child's school record which contains, among other things, the test protocol and the social worker's report. The social worker's policy should be: A. that they cannot see the record, but the social worker can provide them with a summary of its contents. B. that they cannot see the record, but they can ask the social worker questions about the test results. C. to let them look at the record. D. to let them look at some of the material in the record and interpret the material for them so that it doesn't cause them to worry.

D. to let them look at some of the material in the record and interpret the material for them so that it doesn't cause them to worry.

What is the time-frame for achieving steady state on a benzodiazepine? A. One day to 21 days B. Approximately two weeks C. Three to six weeks D. At least one month

One day to 21 days