M3L1
taste absolute threshold
1 teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons of water
smell threshold
1 drop of perfume in 6 room apt
ganglion
A cluster of nerve cell bodies, often of similar function, located in the PNS.
hammer
A tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil
anvil
A tiny bone that passes vibrations from the hammer to the stirrup
lens
Focuses light onto retina
Aplitude
The distance above or below the center line of a waveform. volume
electromagnetic energy
The energy of light and other forms of radiation.
difference threshold
The minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
cochlea
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses
Iris
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
vitreous gel
a soft, clear, jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers
eardrum
a thin membrane that marks the beginning of the middle ear; sound waves cause it to vibrate
soundwaves
a wave of compression and rarefaction, by which sound is propagated in an elastic medium such as air.
vision absolute threshold
candle flame 30 miles away
optic nerve
carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
What color has the longest wavelength?
red
stirrup
device for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E.
bipolar cells
eye neurons that receive information from the retinal cells and distribute information to the ganglion cells
greater frequency
higher pitch
rods and cones
in the retina, receives images that have passed through the lens of the eye
greater amplitude
louder sound
floaters
one or more spots that appear to drift or float across the visual field
eye
organ that detects environmental stimuli and converts it to neural signals
visable light
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
Cones
retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.
Rods
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
macula
round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field
achromatopsia
severe congenital deficiency in color perception; also called complete color blindness
pupil
the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
middle ear
the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
Retina
the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
absolute threshold
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
Frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time pitch
outer ear
the outermost part of the ear, consisting of the pinna and the external auditory canal
Sensation
the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
electromagnetic spectrum
the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
vestibular sense
the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
Cornea
the transparent layer forming the front of the eye.
semicircular canals
three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement
pinna
visible part of the ear that protrudes from the head funnels sound waves to auditory canal
hearing absolute threshold
watch ticking at 20 feet in a quiet room
touch absolute threshold
wing of fly on cheek dropped from 1 cm