M7 InQuizitive

(16,non-map) Economic justice was not a mainstream concept before the Great Depression. The predominant economic theory advocated a laissez-faire market philosophy in which markets would fix themselves through unregulated cycles. With the development of industrialization, business cycles became more and more extreme with dire consequences for ordinary people. With the Great Depression, some began to advocate for a change in philosophy. Match the following advocates with the policy for which they advocated. Advocates: John Maynard Keynes Upton Sinclair the U.S. Supreme Court Huey Long Policies: "Share the Wealth" movement large-scale government spending cooperative ventures

"Share the Wealth" movement: Huey Long large-scale government spending: John Maynard Keynes cooperative ventures: Upton Sinclair

(4,map) Based on information provided by the map, on which river did the Tennessee Valley Authority build most of its dams? Holston Cumberland Tennessee Ohio

* Tennessee

(7,map) What can be inferred about the presidential election of 1932 given the information on the map? Voters throughout New England liked Roosevelt's plan to jump-start the economy through deregulation. Voters—not happy with how Hoover handled the Great Depression—were desperate for new leadership. People were optimistic about the American economy. A significant number of Republican voters supported a third-party candidate.

* Voters—not happy with how Hoover handled the Great Depression—were desperate for new leadership.

(18,non-map) In 1933, John Maynard Keynes, the father of demand-side economics, wrote to FDR that his New Deal approach made him "the trustee for those in every country who seek to mend the evils of our condition by reasoned experiment within the framework of the existing social system." What was Keynes implying about Roosevelt's approach? Complete the following passage. Roosevelt hoped to reconcile democracy, individual liberty, and economic recovery and development. He conceived the New Deal as an alternative to socialism on the_____, Nazism on the_____, and the inaction favored by upholders of______capitalism. left government-regulated unregulated right

- left - right - unregulated

(8,non-map) Read and analyze the "Voices of Freedom" document from the chapter derived from a 1934 fireside chat with President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the excerpt below, FDR outlines his definition of freedom and attempts to mobilize support for New Deal programs. Click on the excerpts below where Roosevelt defends the government's involvement in the recovery of the American economy.

AREAS CLICKED: * To those who say that our expenditures for public works and other means for recovery are a waste that we cannot afford, I answer that no country, however rich, can afford the waste of its human resources. * The course we have followed fits the American practice of Government, a practice of taking action step by step, of regulating only to meet concrete needs, a practice of courageous recognition of change. * I believe with Abraham Lincoln, that "the legitimate object of Government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all or cannot do so well for themselves in their separate and individual capacities." (all other areas INCORRECT)

(12,non-map) Southern Democrats held very powerful positions in Congress, and Roosevelt felt it was necessary to appease them to ensure the passage of his New Deal legislation. Identify the statements that describe the political monopoly in the South. Democratic incumbents were elected in election after election, making the outcomes feel predetermined. Roosevelt agreed to exclude agricultural and domestic workers from Social Security, pleasing southern white Democrats because these jobs were the largest categories of black employment. Southern Democrats proposed the Lundeen Bill as an alternative to the Social Security Act, which included benefits for agricultural workers and domestic servants. After blacks lost the right to vote at the turn of the century, Republicans had no chance in the South, leaving Democrats with a political monopoly in the region.

CORRECT: * After blacks lost the right to vote at the turn of the century, Republicans had no chance in the South, leaving Democrats with a political monopoly in the region. * Democratic incumbents were elected in election after election, making the outcomes feel predetermined. * Roosevelt agreed to exclude agricultural and domestic workers from Social Security, pleasing southern white Democrats because these jobs were the largest categories of black employment. INCORRECT: x Southern Democrats proposed the Lundeen Bill as an alternative to the Social Security Act, which included benefits for agricultural workers and domestic servants.

(2,non-map) After the initial Emergency Banking Act was passed on March 9, 1933, what other acts were designed by the Roosevelt administration to shore up the American finance system? Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Sarbanes-Oxley Act Glass-Steagall Act Gold Standard Retention Act

CORRECT: * Glass-Steagall Act * Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) INCORRECT: x Sarbanes-Oxley Act x Gold Standard Retention Act

(5,non-map) Look at the powerful symbolism in this card issued by the Communist Party. What messages is this card trying to convey to Americans about the Communist Party in 1930s? It evokes iconic images of emancipation, equating freedom and liberty with the Communist Party. It depicts working Americans united under the American and Communist flags, emphasizing the Americanization of the movement. It prominently features African-Americans, thus demonstrating the Communist Party's commitment to supporting people of all races. The card calls on the workers of the world to unite and overthrow the capitalist system through revolution and violence.

CORRECT: * It evokes iconic images of emancipation, equating freedom and liberty with the Communist Party. * It depicts working Americans united under the American and Communist flags, emphasizing the Americanization of the movement. * It prominently features African-Americans, thus demonstrating the Communist Party's commitment to supporting people of all races. INCORRECT: x The card calls on the workers of the world to unite and overthrow the capitalist system through revolution and violence.

(3,non-map) Huey Long was one of the more vocal and controversial political figures of the 1930s. Identify the statements that describe Long and his Share the Wealth movement. Long dominated Louisiana state politics even from Washington, D.C., after his election to the Senate. Long wanted to confiscate most of the wealth of the richest Americans. Long used his power to build roads, schools, and hospitals. Long served for only one term as president of the United States in 1936.

CORRECT: * Long dominated Louisiana state politics even from Washington, D.C., after his election to the Senate. * Long wanted to confiscate most of the wealth of the richest Americans. * Long used his power to build roads, schools, and hospitals. INCORRECT: x Long served for only one term as president of the United States in 1936.

(9,non-map) Identify the statements that describe Mexican-Americans' experiences during the Depression. Low-paid immigrants from Mexico were encouraged into the United States during the Depression. Mexican-American leaders sought greater rights for Mexican-Americans by claiming to be white Americans in order to avoid discrimination similar to African-Americans. Working conditions and living conditions for Mexicans and Mexican-Americans improved dramatically. Mexican-American politicians developed a unified strategy for their people.

CORRECT: * Mexican-American leaders sought greater rights for Mexican-Americans by claiming to be white Americans in order to avoid discrimination similar to African-Americans. INCORRECT: x Low-paid immigrants from Mexico were encouraged into the United States during the Depression. x Working conditions and living conditions for Mexicans and Mexican-Americans improved dramatically. x Mexican-American politicians developed a unified strategy for their people.

(6,map) According to the map, which states were affected by every year of wind erosion depicted? Arkansas Kansas Oklahoma Texas New Mexico Nebraska Colorado

CORRECT: * Oklahoma * Texas * Kansas * Colorado INCORRECT: * Arkansas * Nebraska * New Mexico

(19,non-map) Read the passage below from Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Fireside Chat" (1934). Click here to review the full reading. I believe with Abraham Lincoln, that "the legitimate object of Government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all or cannot do so well for themselves in their separate and individual capacities."I am not for a return to that definition of liberty under which for many years a free people were being gradually regimented into the service of the privileged few. I prefer and I am sure you prefer that broader definition of liberty under which we are moving forward to greater freedom, to greater security for the average man than he has ever known before in the history of America. What does Roosevelt mean by the difference between the definition of liberty that has existed in the past and his own "broader definition of liberty"? Roosevelt felt that his New Deal walked a fine line between too much government and too little. Roosevelt disagreed with Abraham Lincoln and felt that government should do nothing to interfere in the lives of its citizens beyond national defense. Roosevelt admired how European countries were able to care for the majority of their people with greater employment opportunities equating to lower unemployment when compared with other countries. Roosevelt equated freedom with economic security and independence, and rejected the liberty of contract, which served the interests of "the privileged few."

CORRECT: * Roosevelt felt that his New Deal walked a fine line between too much government and too little. * Roosevelt equated freedom with economic security and independence, and rejected the liberty of contract, which served the interests of "the privileged few." INCORRECT: x Roosevelt disagreed with Abraham Lincoln and felt that government should do nothing to interfere in the lives of its citizens beyond national defense. x Roosevelt admired how European countries were able to care for the majority of their people with greater employment opportunities equating to lower unemployment when compared with other countries.

(20,non-map) Public assistance programs established by Social Security for dependent children, the poor and the elderly, were systematically denied from many employed black workers. Identify the ways in which blacks were prevented from benefiting from these types of assistance programs. States set benefit levels extremely low and set eligibility standards that discriminated against blacks. Many employers hired black employees over white employees during the Depression, easing their unemployment numbers so they did not have as high a need for public assistance programs. Blacks represented the majority of domestic servant jobs, which did not pay Social Security taxes; therefore, most were eligible only for government handouts that came with a stigma. States were allowed to apply "moral" standards of eligibility, making discrimination against blacks common practice.

CORRECT: * States set benefit levels extremely low and set eligibility standards that discriminated against blacks. * Blacks represented the majority of domestic servant jobs, which did not pay Social Security taxes; therefore, most were eligible only for government handouts that came with a stigma. * States were allowed to apply "moral" standards of eligibility, making discrimination against blacks common practice. INCORRECT: x Many employers hired black employees over white employees during the Depression, easing their unemployment numbers so they did not have as high a need for public assistance programs.

(21,non-map) The era of the New Deal as a far-reaching social reform was coming to an end by 1941. Why did southern Democrats turn away from Roosevelt? The "Report on the Economic Conditions in the South" revealed that the South lagged behind the rest of the nation in industrialization, health, and education. Roosevelt used the Justice Department and the U.S. army to crack down on radical white and union activists in Wilmington, North Carolina. Roosevelt encouraged voters to elect liberal politicians to replace conservative politicians in the region in 1938. Roosevelt went too far and attempted to abolish the NAACP and the ACLU as "un-American."

CORRECT: * The "Report on the Economic Conditions in the South" revealed that the South lagged behind the rest of the nation in industrialization, health, and education. * Roosevelt encouraged voters to elect liberal politicians to replace conservative politicians in the region in 1938. INCORRECT: x Roosevelt used the Justice Department and the U.S. army to crack down on radical white and union activists in Wilmington, North Carolina. x Roosevelt went too far and attempted to abolish the NAACP and the ACLU as "un-American."

(7,non-map) In the mid-1930s, for the first time in American history, the left enjoyed a shaping influence on the nation's politics and culture. Identify the statements that describe the communist movement in America. The Popular Front and its focus on civil liberties brought the Communist Party respectability, helping to create a more pluralistic understanding of Americanism. The Communist Party was exclusively white in America and sought to replace American ideals through revolution if necessary. The Communist Party sought to ally themselves with socialists and New Dealers during the time of the Popular Front.

CORRECT: * The Popular Front and its focus on civil liberties brought the Communist Party respectability, helping to create a more pluralistic understanding of Americanism. * The Communist Party sought to ally themselves with socialists and New Dealers during the time of the Popular Front. INCORRECT: x The Communist Party was exclusively white in America and sought to replace American ideals through revolution if necessary.

(11,non-map) The Social Security Act of 1935 transformed the relationship between the federal government and American citizens. Identify the statements that describe the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act was, and still is, funded by taxes collected from employers and employees. The ideas put into action in the Social Security Act had been promoted by Progressive reformers during the early 1900s. The Social Security Act created a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children. The Social Security Act provided universal health care for the first time to all Americans regardless of age, wealth, and race.

CORRECT: * The Social Security Act created a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children. * The ideas put into action in the Social Security Act had been promoted by Progressive reformers during the early 1900s. * The Social Security Act was, and still is, funded by taxes collected from employers and employees. INCORRECT: x The Social Security Act provided universal health care for the first time to all Americans regardless of age, wealth, and race.

(22,non-map) The New Deal had many opponents. Identify the statements that describe the opposition to the New Deal. Many argued that the New Deal would undermine fiscal responsibility and that its government regulations restricted American freedom. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce accused FDR and the government of trying to "Sovietize" America. Herbert Hoover became a defender of Roosevelt's New Deal policies in an attempt to recruit Republican support for FDR. In the election of 1936, Democrats and Republicans were finally united behind FDR's New Deal and agreed on the positive impacts it was having on the economy.

CORRECT: * The U.S. Chamber of Commerce accused FDR and the government of trying to "Sovietize" America. * Many argued that the New Deal would undermine fiscal responsibility and that its government regulations restricted American freedom. INCORRECT: x In the election of 1936, Democrats and Republicans were finally united behind FDR's New Deal and agreed on the positive impacts it was having on the economy. x Herbert Hoover became a defender of Roosevelt's New Deal policies in an attempt to recruit Republican support for FDR.

(8,map) Read the textbook section titled "The New Deal and Agriculture," and analyze the following map. Why was the Midwestern drought of the mid-1930s so catastrophic for farmers? None of Roosevelt's Hundred Days initiatives were designed to address the plight of the American farmer. Mechanized farming made topsoil vulnerable to wind erosion. The Dust Bowl and the Great Depression led to a rural exodus from America's heartland to the cities and farms of the West Coast. The drought and dust storms displaced more than one million farmers. The drought devastated not only crops but also livestock.

CORRECT: * The drought devastated not only crops but also livestock. * The Dust Bowl and the Great Depression led to a rural exodus from America's heartland to the cities and farms of the West Coast. The drought and dust storms displaced more than one million farmers. * Mechanized farming made topsoil vulnerable to wind erosion. INCORRECT: * None of Roosevelt's Hundred Days initiatives were designed to address the plight of the American farmer.

(15,non-map) The Rural Electrification Agency (REA) was a key piece of legislation of the Second New Deal. Identify the statements that describe the REA.

CORRECT: * The goal of the REA was to bring electricity to farms. * The REA was one of the most successful programs of the Second New Deal. * The REA complimented other soil conservation and farm education programs, improving living standards for farmers. INCORRECT: x The REA failed to bring electricity to the majority of rural areas of the United States.

(6,non-map) During the Depression, there were widespread calls for women to remove themselves from the labor market to make room for unemployed men. Identify the statements that describe women during the Depression.

CORRECT: * The profile of women was raised during the era by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who both advised the president. * Many employers refused to hire married women. * Millions of female domestic servants were excluded from Social Security, excluding them from age-old pensions and unemployment benefits. INCORRECT: x The proportion of women in the workforce decreased dramatically during the Depression.

(10,non-map) Labor unions became more prominent in American life during the period of the New Deal. Identify the statements that describe labor unions during the New Deal and World War II. Union membership doubled between 1930 and 1940. Unions ultimately helped to raise the standard of living of their workers. Unions had become so powerful that U.S. Steel negotiated with its 200,000 workers and the Steel Workers Organization Committee in order to avoid a strike. The CIO fought to raise the hourly rate that workers were paid, but it did not negotiate the amount of work employees were expected to accomplish in an hour.

CORRECT: * Union membership doubled between 1930 and 1940. * Unions had become so powerful that U.S. Steel negotiated with its 200,000 workers and the Steel Workers Organization Committee in order to avoid a strike. * Unions ultimately helped to raise the standard of living of their workers. INCORRECT: x The CIO fought to raise the hourly rate that workers were paid, but it did not negotiate the amount of work employees were expected to accomplish in an hour.

(9,map) Read the section of the textbook on the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam, and analyze the following map. What were the negative consequences of the dams built along the Columbia River? newfound energy for irrigation projects loss of jobs in the region environmental damage the production of abundant, cheap power in the region

CORRECT: * environmental damage INCORRECT: x newfound energy for irrigation projects x the production of abundant, cheap power in the region x loss of jobs in the region

(10,map) What were the effects of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation's distribution of maps like the one shown, labeling their perception of a neighborhood's real-estate prospects? Racial segregation was strongly reinforced. City and county agencies were better able to provide public services. Low-income families were better able to find affordable neighborhoods. Banks could more easily discriminate against blue-collar workers.

CORRECT: *Racial segregation was strongly reinforced. * Banks could more easily discriminate against blue-collar workers. INCORRECT: x Low-income families were better able to find affordable neighborhoods. x City and county agencies were better able to provide public services.

(13,non-map) The Wagner Act enlisted efforts to break up unions in favor of employers.T/F

FALSE

(14,non-map) The Hundred Days were Roosevelt's and Congress's efforts to provide relief and recovery for the majority of Americans from the lingering effects of the Great Depression by the quickest means possible. Which of the following items were part of the flurry of legislation known as the Hundred Days? abolishing prohibition the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Social Security Act FDR's "court packing" effort the National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Part of the Hundred Days: * the National Recovery Administration (NRA) * Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) * abolishing prohibition Not Part of the Hundred Days: x Social Security Act x the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) x FDR's "court packing" effort

(5,map) With the help of the map below, identify whether each dam is located in Tennessee or in Alabama. Cherokee Center Hill Pickwick Landing Wheeler Wilson

TENNESSEE: * Cherokee * Pickwick Landing * Center Hill ALABAMA: * Wheeler * Wilson

(1,map) Some New Deal public-works initiatives looked to government-planned economic transformation as much as economic relief. Select on the map the eastern state where dams on multiple rivers provided cheap electric power for homes and factories in a seven-state region. South Carolina North Carolina Tennessee Alabama Georgia

Tennessee

(1,non-map) FDR consistently linked freedom with a reasonable standard of living for a country's citizens.T/F

True

(4,non-map) During the Depression, W. E .B. Du Bois led blacks to fight back against economic oppression by leveraging their collective economic power to boycott white-owned establishments. T/F

True

(2,map) Select on the map the western state where the Grand Coulee Dam was one of many dams built to provide abundant cheap power for homes and factories. California Washington Nevada Oregon

Washington

(3,map) Franklin D. Roosevelt believed regional economic development would promote economic growth, ease the domestic and working lives of ordinary Americans, and keep control of key natural resources in public rather than private hands. The Roosevelt administration spent far more money on building roads, dams, airports, bridges, and housing than on any other activity.Using the map below of the American Pacific Northwest, identify the status of each dam as of 1949. DAMS: Chief Joseph Dam Libby Dam Rock Island Dam STATUS: finished proposed building

finished: * Rock Island Dam proposed: * Libby Dam building: * Chief Joseph Dam

(17,non-map) A central element of the Popular Front public culture was its mobilization for civil liberties, especially the right of labor to unionize. Identify the accomplishments of the following individuals and courts. Individuals and Courts: Supreme Court Attorney General Frank Murphy Robert M. La Follette Jr. OPTIONS: insisted that constitutional guarantees of free thought and expression were essential to "nearly every form of freedom" and therefore deserved special protection headed a Senate subcommittee that exposed the methods that employers used to combat unionization, including spies, private police forces, and violence established the Civil Liberties Unit in the Department of Justice

insisted that constitutional guarantees of free thought and expression were essential to "nearly every form of freedom" and therefore deserved special protection: Supreme Court headed a Senate subcommittee that exposed the methods that employers used to combat unionization, including spies, private police forces, and violence : Robert M. La Follette Jr. established the Civil Liberties Unit in the Department of Justice: Attorney General Frank Murphy