Malay 17: Grammar
What is this? What can you do?
APA: Apa ini? Apa awak boleh buat? (*note: "do" as a verb = buat, but no "do" as a question eg "do you...?")
Future tense (eg: will/shall eat)
Akan (eg: akan makan)
Do you have any money?
Awak ada duit? (you have money?) (*note: tone counts - no way to differentiate between question and statement! also, drop the "do"!)
Many, much (eg: many friends)
Banyak ("ba-nyak" or "ba-nee-ak") (eg: banyak kawan)
Classifier for round, oval things (eg: three eggs)
Biji (pronounced as "bijik") (eg: tiga biji telur ("ter-low"))
Can [work]
Boleh [kerja ("ker-jur")]
Classifier for big things (eg: two houses)
Buah (eg: dua buah rumah)
Where are you? Where is your house?
DI MANA: Awak di mana? (you where?) OR di mana awak? Di mana rumah awak? (where house your?) (*note: malay has no your/mine/his/her, so placement counts!)
And
Dan
From
Dari
With
Dengan ("de-ngan" or "dur-neng/an")
Above/on top of
Di atas
Under/below
Di bawah
Behind
Di belakang
Inside
Di dalam
In front of
Di depan (*note: hadepan = depan)
Outside
Di luar
Beside
Di sebelah
By the side of
Di tepi
Classifier for animals (eg: one dog)
Ekor ("ae-koh") (eg: se ekor anjing)
Want [to see show]
Hendak (= nak)/mahu (= mau) [tengok ("teh-neng/ock") wayang]
This OR that
Ini OR itu
If
Kalau
To
Ke
Classifier for people (eg: a child)
Orang (eg: seorang anak)
Whose child is this?
SIAPA PUNYA: Siapa punya anak ini? OR Ini siapa punya anak?
Who are you? Who bought this?
SIAPA: Siapa awak? Siapa beli ("bur-lee") ini?
Do I have time?
Saya ada masa?
Present continuous tense (eg: eating)
Sedang (eg: sedang makan)
A little (eg: a little money)
Sedikit (= sikit) (eg: sedikit duit OR sedikit wang)
Past tense (eg: ate)
Sudah (already; = dah) (eg: sudah makan)
Like [to try]
Suka ("soo-kur") [cuba ("choo-bur")] (*note: In English C has 2 sounds: "k" as in cool - "kool" or "ch" as in "choo", in Malay no K sound)
Know
Tahu
For
Untuk ("oon-took")
[Read] INSIDE [his house]
[Baca ("bah-cur")] DI DALAM [rumah dia]
[Study] OUTSIDE [the room]
[Belajar] DI LUAR ("loo-ah") [bilik]
[Stand] BESIDE [their friend]
[Berdiri] DI SEBELAH [kawan mereka]
[Talk] BEHIND [my teacher]
[Cakap] DI BELAKANG [cikgu saya]
[Walk] BY THE SIDE OF [the road]
[Jalan OR berjalan (*more accurate)] DI TEPI [jalan] (*note: same usage as beside, but no "di sebelah jalan")
[Play] UNDER/BELOW [our table]
[Main ("mah-in")] DI BAWAH [meja ("mur-jur") kita]
[Eat] IN FRONT OF [the tree]
[Makan] DI DEPAN [pokok ("poh-koke")]
[Sleep] ABOVE/ON TOP OF [your car]
[Tidur] DI ATAS [kereta awak]
