MAN 3506 Exam 1

Quality Function Deployment

- used by companies to take customers wants and needs and translates them into a product or service feature that can satisfy these demands. This method also helps to make these wants and needs a priority and to set developmental targets keeping those features in mind

Precedence Diagramming

AKA network diagramming, the process of creating a chart that shows a project's activities and indicates how they should logically be coordinated with one another 74

Cause-and-Effect Diagram

AKA the fishbone diagram, a tool used to manage product and service quality, used to to analyze and pinpoint the main cause of the problem in a process

covers all aspects in a product's life cycle and supply chain. It focuses on managing the engineering aspect of the product throughout its useful life

Product Life Cycle Management (PML)**

Pareto Chart

a chart that used to identify the few most critical/ key causes of problems

Plan, Do, Study, Act Cycle (PDSA)

a circular, total quality management visual that shows the never ending process of continuously improving

Order Winner

a competitive characteristic of a product that causes a customer to chose it over a competitor's product......qualities or attributes that a product has that makes it the ideal choice or best fit or consumers 37

Black Belt

a description level for those employees who have received 'Six Sigma' training and work with master black belts to take on border (ex: taking on large tasks such as improving entire processes and operations)

Green Belt

a description level for those employees who have received 'Six Sigma' training at the lowest level and take on lower level quality issues (Ex: reducing minor processes)

Process Flow Chart

a diagram displaying the a visual flow of a process and analyses each step in the entire process

Activity Network

a diagram that illustrates how activities should best be sequenced

Order Loser

a qualifying characteristic a firm fails to meet 37

Variable

a qualitative characteristic that can be measured on either a continuous, or incremental scale. It is also a quality that can affect an outcome of a process

Attribute

a qualitative characteristic that sets apart a company or product from the rest, could be a brand, employee, a unique characteristic in a database. It's counted using whole numbers and can be categorized using either qualitative or quantitative measures

Time - based Competition

a strategy used to reduce the time it takes to a product life cycle (conceptualize, develop, manufacture, market, and deliver) to gain a competitive advantage. Two types of time based competition: time-to-market speed and time-to-manufacture-and-deliver-speed

Vendor Managed Inventory

a system that allows a firm to track and manage the inventory of all its products in all of its locations suppliers display their inventory at a store or location, ex: Ray-Ban selling their glasses at Macy's, Ray-Ban is the vendor and is responsible to maintain a certain supply of glasses in Macy's stores 51

Gantt Chart

a tool that links project activities to a schedule, usually a calendar 74

Project

a unique and multi -step task that has a beginning and an end, completed by one or many people to reach specific goals all while staying within certain cost, quality, and timing parameters 62

Corporate Social Responsibility

aka 'corporate ethics', 'corporate citizenship', 'corporate conscience': incorporating the interests of the public into a company's core business 21

Modular Design

an approach that uses modules (independently created units) that can be easily combined with other modules to create one project. These modules can easily be rearranged, replaced, or inter changed to create other products as well. Ex: modular designs in computes have the flexibility to be interchanged to create different but similar computer products

Value Analysis

analysis used to improve the functionality of a product without disrupting/affecting its current standards and functions

Value Engineering

analysis used to improve the value of all the aspects/components that are used to to develop a product from design to final delivery (all while keeping costs to a minimum)

Internal Variation

any variation in product that is caused by the wear and tear (over time) of production equipment as ages

Project Management

applying skill, knowledge, technique, and tools to to project activities to meet the project requirments

Order Qualifier

basic qualities or attributes that a product must have in order for it to even be considered by consumers and compete in the marketplace 37

Special Cause Variations

changes/variation in quality that are not normal occurrences, and are not usually present in a process. Uncommon or assignable causes can be the attributes for these special cause variations

Common Cause Variations

changes/variation in quality that are the result/arise from common, sporadic and random natural occurrences or differences in environment

Benchmarking

comparing your company' product and service quality and processes to that of world class companies leading in quality

Total Quality Management

continuous improving the quality of a company's products and processes 17

Outsourcing

contracting with a third party or an external company to manufacture a good or deliver a service 2

Prevention Costs

costs accumulated when companies try to prevent defects and errors before the manufacturing process and the product gets to the customer

External Failure Costs

costs that are the result of problems with the product or service after it has been delivered to the customer (ex: recalling broken, missing, defective parts)

Efficiency

how economic resources (time and money) were used to complete an activity 44

Effectiveness

how well the task accomplished its intended purpose 44

Six Sigma

improving quality through reducing the number of defects in a given process

Poka Yoke

meaning "fail-safiying" or 'mistake proofing", any mechanism or device that can ease the manufacturing process and help an equipment operator avoid mistakes

Quality Assurance

procedures that are used to make sure that a product or service improves (or at least meets) a certain level of quality before it is delivered to the customer

Scope Creep

project specifications are continually modified or improved to as new ideas emerge or new technological solutions become possible

Supply Chain

sequence of interconnected organizations help develop, produce, and distribute, and sell a product to the final consumer

Enterprise Resource Planning

software that uses integrates information across all departments and facilitates and manages the flow of info across all functions within an enterprise to its stakeholders 19

Project Risk

something that could potentially jeopardize/have a negative impact on the success of a project, Project Risk = (Probability of Event) x (Consequences of Event) 70

Crashing

speeding up the remaining activities of a project to move its completion date forward/closer 79

Balanced Scorecard

strategic management tool used to track the progress and completion of tasks, production, and the effectiveness of a company's management 40

Concurrent Engineering

tasks are performed in parallel and every aspect of product development is considered early in the process AKA simultaneous engineering or integrated product development (IPD)

Agile Manufacturing

the ability to respond quickly to market changes with a set of processes, tools, and training available as needed 17

Core Competencies

the activities at which a firm excels or strives to excel 32

Lead Time

the amount of time it takes to a supplier to produce, as well as deliver a product after it has been ordered

Appraisal Costs

the costs associated with inspecting and measuring the quality of a product or service and the processes used to produce them

Internal Failure Costs

the costs that are incurred from products or services that are found to be defective before the product or service reaches the customer

Quality Control

the level of quality of a service or product after it has already been produced and delivered to the customer

Critical Path

the overall longest sequence of activities used to complete a project, all activities along this path are called critical activities

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

the process of breaking down a project's overall mission into step by step tasks

Project Scheduling

the process of converting a project's goals into a logical method for completing them on time

Productivity

the ratio of outputs (goods or services) produced to the inputs used 44

Life cycle

the stages of a project's development: from conceptualization, to planning, executing, and terminating 65

Product Development Cycle Time

the time it takes to conceptualize a new good or service, produce it, and make it available to customers 36

Sustainability

the use of methods, systems, and materials that won't deplete resources or harm natural cycles 20

Inspection

used to control quality, making sure that products and services are measuring up to the company standards (ex: checking quality of a product or service and seeing how it measures up to company policy/requirements)

External Variation

variation in product that is caused by conditions in the environment such as dust, humidity or temperature

Critical Success Factors

what enables a company to achieve a competitive advantage 33

Reverse Engineering

when a company breaks apart a competitors existing to product to see how it works and if they can improve on it in any way